Joseph Edgar Boehm
Boehm with Princess Louise, about 1885
Born
Josef Erasmus Bohm[1]

6 July 1834
Vienna, Austrian Empire
Died12 December 1890(1890-12-12) (aged 56)
London, England
Known forSculpture
SpouseLouisa Frances Boteler

Sir Joseph Edgar Boehm, 1st Baronet, RA (6 July 1834 – 12 December 1890) was an Austrian-born British medallist and sculptor, best known for the "Jubilee head" of Queen Victoria on coinage, and the statue of the Duke of Wellington at Hyde Park Corner. During his career Boehm maintained a large studio in London and produced a significant volume of public works and private commissions. A speciality of Boehm's was the portrait bust; there are many examples of these in the National Portrait Gallery. He was often commissioned by the Royal Family and members of the aristocracy to make sculptures for their parks and gardens. His works were many, and he exhibited 123 of them at the Royal Academy from 1862 to his death in 1890.

Biography

Boehm (originally "Böhm") was born in Vienna of Hungarian parentage.[2] His father, Josef Daniel Böhm, was a court medal maker and the director of the imperial mint in Vienna.[3] From 1848 to 1851 Boehm studied in London at Leigh's academy of art, the forerunner of the Heatherley School of Fine Art.[3] He then returned to Vienna where he studied model making and medal design at the Academy of Fine Arts before working in Italy and then, from 1859 to 1862 in Paris.[3] In 1856, in Vienna, he was presented with the First Imperial Prize for Sculpture.[4]

In 1862, Boehm settled in London, where he exhibited coins and medals at the 1862 International Exhibition, opened a studio and had his first work, a terracotta bust, shown at the Royal Academy.[3][5][4] Throughout the 1860s, Boehm, who became a British subject in 1865, devoted his time to the production of portrait busts plus equestrian statues and statuettes.[4][6] His portrait subjects included John Everett Millais, Stratford Canning and Charles Thomas Newton and Franz Liszt.[3][5] Boehm's statuette of William Makepiece Thackeray, although completed after the author's death, was considered such a good likeness that several copies were made including examples for the Garrick Club and for the Athenaeum.[7]

Boehm by J. P. Mayall from Artists at Home, published 1884

Boehm was often commissioned by members of the aristocracy to make equestrian and equine sculptures for the parks and gardens of their stately homes. His large sculpture of the stallion King Tom (1874) was commissioned by Baron Mayer Amschel de Rothschild for his new mansion, Mentmore Towers in 1873, and moved to Dalmeny House near Edinburgh in 1982.[8][9] His large animal works include the marble Young Bull and Herdsman (1887) and Saint George and the Dragon (1885), both of which were exhibited at the Melbourne Centennial International Exhibition during 1888 and 1889.[10] Both remain in Australia, the former at The Royal Agricultural Society of Victoria, Melbourne. The Horse and His Master (1874), sometimes known as A Clydesdale Stallion Rearing, in Malvern and Brueton Park in Solihull was exhibited at the Royal Academy in 1874 and at the 1878 Paris Universal Exposition.[11] The work was bought by the grandson of Alfred Bird, Captain Oliver Bird for £300 in April 1944 and gifted to Solihull Council to place in one of their parks.[12][13]

In 1869, Boehm's work came to the attention of Queen Victoria and he rapidly gained favour with the royal court.[6][3] In 1871, he executed a statue of Victoria, in marble for Windsor Castle, which with the monument of the Prince Edward in St. George's Chapel in Windsor Castle, are considered his earliest great works.[6][14] In total, throughout his career, Boehm completed over forty royal commissions.[3][10] He won several commissions to create statues of Victoria to mark her Golden Jubilee, several of which were replica designs, which was a common and accepted practice at the time.[10] Victoria made clear her approval of Boehm's work by unveiling his statues of her at Windsor and Balmoral which added to the appeal of his work to the local and colonial authorities who typically commissioned such monuments.[10]

During his career Boehm maintained a large studio in London and produced a significant volume of work, including at least fifty-seven public statues and monuments.[3] In total over 350 sculptures have been attributed to Boehm.[10] In 1874 Boehm completed a substantial statue of John Bunyan (1628–1688) which was unveiled on 10 June at St Peter's Green, Bedford, by Lady Augusta Stanley, before a crowd of 10,000. There are many statues by Boehm in London. His equestrian statue of the Duke of Wellington at Hyde Park Corner, unveiled in 1888 was commissioned to compensate for the removal of the colossal sculpture of the Duke by Matthew Cotes Wyatt from the nearby Wellington Arch to Aldershot.[15][16]

Boehm's designs were used on a series of medals minted to mark events in the Queen's reign. These included the Golden Jubilee, her Diamond Jubilee and for the Visit to Ireland Medal 1900. In 1887, Boehm designed and executed the model for the dies for a series of coins known as the Jubilee coinage, commemorating the 50th anniversary of Queen Victoria's reign. The coins are signed J.E.B. below the shoulder. This design was severely criticised by his peers as well as the public and was replaced in 1893.[17] The coins depicted the royal arms in the Order of the Garter on the reverse. As a result, the sixpences were frequently gilded and passed off as gold half sovereigns. Therefore, the sixpence reverted to its standard design.

Boehm's early portrait busts led, later in his career, to him undertaking a total of fifty-seven church monuments and memorial works, including several in British cathedrals.[3] For the memorial to General Charles George Gordon in St Paul's Cathedral, he carved an effigy of Gordon recumbent on a sarcophagus.[18] On the death of Dean Stanley, Boehm was commissioned to execute his sarcophagus in Westminster Abbey. The Abbey also houses Boehm's memorials to Lord Beaconsfield and to Viscount Canning, plus his marble statue of the Earl of Shaftesbury.[4][19] His monument to Archbishop Tait is in Canterbury Cathedral.[4] A number of Boehm's sculptures were reproduced in popular small-scale bronze editions.[2] These included the soldier figures from the Wellington monument and a St. George and the Dragon group piece.[2]

Boehm became an Associate of the Royal Academy in 1878, was appointed sculptor-in-ordinary to the Queen in 1881 and was elected a full member of the Royal Academy in 1882.[3][10] In 1889, he was created a baronet, of Wetherby Gardens in the Parish of St Mary Abbots, Kensington, in the County of London.[20] Boehm encouraged and supported several younger artists and sculptors, most notably Édouard Lantéri, Alfred Gilbert and Alfred Drury.[19] Boehm was instrumental in Gilbert being awarded the commission for the Shaftesbury Memorial Fountain in Piccadilly Circus while both Lantéri and Drury worked in Boehm's studio for a time.[19] Boehm's most famous pupil was the Princess Louise, Duchess of Argyll, daughter of Queen Victoria.[2] She was at his house, at 76 Fulham Road in London, when Boehm died suddenly on 12 December 1890, provoking press speculation about a sexual relationship between the two.[1] According to historian Lucinda Hawksley, the two had a long-lasting love affair.[21]

There is a memorial to Boehm in the crypt of St Paul's Cathedral in London.[22]

Public works

1870–1879

Image Title / subject Location and
coordinates		 Date TypeMaterialDimensions DesignationWikidata Notes
Queen Victoria Grand Vestibule, Windsor Castle 1871 Seated statue on pedestalMarble1.7m tall [14]

More images		 Henry Vassall-Fox, 3rd Baron Holland Holland Park, London 1872 Seated statue on pedestalBronze & granite Grade IIQ27080877 Work by George Frederic Watts with assistance from Boehm. Relocated from Kensington High Street, 1926.[23][24]

More images		 King Tom Dalmeny House, near Edinburgh 1873 Equine statue on plinthBronze Originally erected at Mentmore Towers, relocated to Dalmeny in 1982[8]

More images		 Statue of John Bunyan St Peter's Street, Bedford 1874 Statue on pedestal with panelsBronze and granite Grade IIQ18162531 [25][26]

More images		 The Horse and His Master Malvern and Brueton Park, Solihull 1874 Equestrian statue group on pedestalBronze and stone Grade IIQ26626782 [13]
Horse and Groom Stable Yard, Eaton Hall, Cheshire c. 1875 Equestrian statue group on pedestalBronze and granite Grade IIQ26429540 [27]
Elizabeth Russell, Duchess of Bedford South of Sculpture Gallery, Woburn Abbey, Bedfordshire 1875 Statue on pedestalGilded bronze & marble Grade IIQ26607552 [28][29]

More images		 John Fox Burgoyne Waterloo Place, London 1877 Statue on pedestalBronze and stone Grade IIQ26319140 [26][30][31]
Leopold I of Belgium St George's Chapel, Windsor Castle 1878 Deep relief sculpture groupMarble Grade I [32]

More images		 John Russell, 1st Earl Russell Westminster Abbey, London After 1878 BustMarble [33]

More images		 Edward VII Jijamata Udyaan, Mumbai 1879 Equestrian statue on pedestalBronze Statue shows the then Prince of Wales in the uniform of a colonel of the 10th Royal Hussars[34][35]

1880–1884

Image Title / subject Location and
coordinates		 Date TypeMaterialDimensions DesignationWikidata Notes

More images		 John Russell, 1st Earl Russell Central Lobby, Palace of Westminster, London 1880 Statue on pedestalMarble [36]

More images		 Queen Victoria Temple Bar, London 1880 Statue in nicheStone Grade II [26][37]

More images		 Edward, Prince of Wales Temple Bar, London 1880 Statue in nicheStone Grade II [26][37]

More images		 Memorial to George Whyte-Melville Market Street, St Andrews 1880 Fountain with four medallionsGranite Category BQ17799487 Medallions by Boehm, architect, Robert William Edis with sculptures by Thomas Earp[38]

More images		 Stratford Canning North transept, Westminster Abbey, London After 1880 Statue on pedestalMarble [39]

More images		 Thomas Carlyle Chelsea Embankment Gardens, London 1882 Seated statue on pedestalBronze and red granite Grade IIQ26355706 [26][30][40]
John Brown Balmoral Estate, Aberdeenshire 1883 Statue on pedestalBronze Category AQ17574620 [41]
Henry John Stephen Smith Oxford University Museum of Natural History 1883 BustMarble [42]

More images		 Francis Drake Plymouth Road, Tavistock, Devon 1883 Statue on pedestal with panelsBronze and granite Grade IIQ26611707 [26][43]

More images		 Francis Drake Plymouth Hoe, Plymouth 1884 Statue on pedestalBronze and granite Grade II*Q17554612 Replica of the 1883 Tavistock statue.[26][44]

More images		 William Tyndale Victoria Embankment Gardens, London 1884 Statue on pedestalBronze and Portland stone3.6m tall Grade IIQ27084838 [30][45]

More images		 Benjamin Disraeli North transept, Westminster Abbey, London 1884 Statue on pedestalMarble [46][47]

More images		 Arthur Penrhyn Stanley Henry VII's Chapel, Westminster Abbey, London 1884 Altar tomb with effigyAlabaster and marble [48]

1885–1889

Image Title / subject Location and
coordinates		 Date TypeMaterialDimensions DesignationWikidata Notes

More images		 Archibald Campbell Tait Canterbury Cathedral 1885 Cenotaph effigyMarble [49][50]

More images		 Charles Darwin Natural History Museum, London 1885 Seated statueMarble

More images		 Michael Thomas Bass Wardwick, Derby 1885 Statue on pedestal with panelBronze and stone Grade IIQ26523638 [26][51]

More images		 John Lawrence, 1st Baron Lawrence Waterloo Place, London 1885 Statue on pedestalBronze and granite2.6m tall Grade IIQ26319142 [26][30][52]
Memorial Fountain to Herbert Stewart Hans Place, Knightsbridge, London 1886 Relief medallion on drinking fountainBronze Fountain by Joseph Whitehead[53]
Queen Victoria Balmoral Estate, Aberdeenshire 1887 Statue on pedestalBronze and granite Category AQ17574625 .[54][55]
Stafford Northcote, 1st Earl of Iddesleigh Northernhay Gardens, Exeter 1887 Statue on pedestalStone and granite Grade IIQ26557993 [56][57]

More images		 Queen Victoria Castle Hill, Windsor, Berkshire 1887 Statue on pedestal with panelsBronze and granite Grade IIQ26570416 [26][10][58][59]

More images		 Albert, Prince Consort Windsor Great Park, Berkshire 1887 Equestrian statue on pedestalBronze and granite Grade IIQ26609381 [60]

More images		 Queen Victoria Queen's Square, Sydney, Australia 1888 Statue on pedestal [10][61]
St George and the Dragon Outside the State Library of Victoria, Melbourne, Australia 1888 Equestrian sculpture group on pedestalBronze and stone [62][63]

More images		 Statue of Arthur Wellesley, 1st Duke of Wellington Hyde Park Corner, London 1888 Equestrian statue on pedestal with figuresBronze and stone Grade IIQ18159875 [26][64]

More images		 Statue of Queen Victoria College Green, Bristol 1888 Statue on pedestal with panelsMarble, granite and bronze Grade IIQ7270543 [26][10][65][66]

More images		 John Elder Elder Park, Govan, Glasgow 1888 Statue on pedestalBronze and granite Category BQ17811104 [67]

More images		 Walter Montagu Douglas Scott, 5th Duke of Buccleuch West Parliament Square, Edinburgh 1888 Statue on pedestal and decorated tiersBronze and stone Category AQ17570712 Architect: Sir Robert Rowand Anderson, decoration on pedestal and tiers by various sculptors[68]

More images		 Anthony Ashley-Cooper, 7th Earl of Shaftesbury Westminster Abbey, London 1888 Statue on pedestalMarble [69]

More images		 Charles Darwin Westminster Abbey, London 1888 Bust in roundelBronze [70]

More images		 General Charles George Gordon St Paul's Cathedral, London c. 1885 Effigy with panel on plinthBronze, marble, brass & stone [18][71]

More images		 Sir Herbert Stewart St Paul's Cathedral, London c. 1885 Relief panelBronze [71]

1890 and later

Image Title / subject Location and
coordinates		 Date TypeMaterialDimensions DesignationWikidata Notes
Queen Victoria Langalibalele Street, Pietermaritzburg, South Africa 1890 Statue on pedestalMarble and stone [10][72][73]

More images		 Robert Napier, 1st Baron Napier of Magdala Queen's Gate, Kensington, London 1891, relocated 1921 Equestrian statue on pedestalBronze and granite Grade IIQ26555957 [30][74][75]
Equine statue Waddesdon Manor, Buckinghamshire 1890–1891 Equine statue on pedestalBronze and stone Grade IIQ26453053 Modelled from an earlier version of Copenhagen and recycled for Baron Ferdinand de Rothchild.[63][76]

More images		 Thomas Carlyle Ecclefechan, Dumfries and Galloway 1929 Seated statue on pedestalBronze and stone Category BQ17804310 Replica of Boehm's 1882 original cast by MacDonald & Creswick of Edinburgh[77]

Other works

References

  1. 1 2 Mark Stocker (September 2004). "(Joseph) Edgar Boehm". Oxford Dictionary of National Biography (online, January 2008 ed.). Oxford University Press. doi:10.1093/ref:odnb/2762. Retrieved 25 January 2008.
  2. 1 2 3 4 James Mackay (1977). The Dictionary of Western Sculptors in Bronze. Antique Collectors' Club. ISBN 0902028553.
  3. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 University of Glasgow History of Art / HATII (2011). "Sir (Joseph) Edgar Boehm Bart, RA". Mapping the Practice and Profession of Sculpture in Britain & Ireland 1851–1951. Retrieved 30 January 2021.
  4. 1 2 3 4 5 Walter Armstrong (1901). "Boehm, Joseph Edgar" . In Lee, Sidney (ed.). Dictionary of National Biography (1st supplement). London: Smith, Elder & Co.
  5. 1 2 "Sir Joseph Edgar Boehm, Bt". National Portrait Gallery. Retrieved 30 January 2021.
  6. 1 2 3 Chisholm, Hugh, ed. (1911). "Boehm, Sir Joseph Edgar" . Encyclopædia Britannica (11th ed.). Cambridge University Press.
  7. ↑ Stephen, Leslie (1898). "Thackeray, William Makepiece" . In Lee, Sidney (ed.). Dictionary of National Biography. Vol. 56. London: Smith, Elder & Co. p. 103.
  8. 1 2 Historic Environment Scotland. "Dalmeny (GDL00130)". Retrieved 25 January 2021.
  9. ↑ Historic Environment Scotland. "Recording Field Visit (613772)". Canmore. Retrieved 6 June 2012.
  10. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Martina Droth, Jason Edwards & Michael Hatt (2014). Sculpture Victorious: Art in the Age of Invention, 1837–1901. Yale Center for British Art, Yale University Press. ISBN 9780300208030.
  11. ↑ "Catalogue of British Fine Art Paris 1878". archive.org. 1878. Retrieved 1 July 2021.
  12. ↑ The Birmingham Daily Post. 16 March 1944. p. 1. {{cite news}}: Missing or empty |title= (help)
  13. 1 2 Historic England. "Statue of The Horse and His Master in Malvern Park (1342851)". National Heritage List for England. Retrieved 24 January 2021.
  14. 1 2 "Queen Victoria (1819-1901) Signed & dated 1871". Royal Collection Trust. Retrieved 2 August 2022.
  15. ↑ Historic England. "Wellington Monument (1231514)". National Heritage List for England. Retrieved 7 June 2012.
  16. ↑ "Hyde Park Corner". The Times. 21 July 1884. p. 10. (subscription needed)
  17. ↑ Leonard Forrer (1904). Biographical dictionary of medallists: coin, gem, and seal-engravers, mint-masters, &c., ancient and modern, with references to their works B. C. 500-A. D. 1900. Spink & Son ltd., London.
  18. 1 2 Arthur Dimock (1900). The Cathedral Church of St. Paul An Account of the Old and New Buildings with a Short Historical Sketch. Bell's Cathedrals. London: George Bell and Sons.
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  21. ↑ Lucinda Hawksley, Queen Victoria's Mysterious Daughter, Chapter 9 (St. Martin's Press, 2013)
  22. ↑ "Memorials of St Paul's Cathedral" Sinclair, W. p. 469: London; Chapman & Hall, Ltd; 1909.
  23. ↑ "Lord Holland, Statue, Holland Park". National Recording Project. Public Monuments & Sculpture Association. Archived from the original on 3 August 2011. Retrieved 4 January 2022.
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  25. ↑ Historic England. "Bunyan Monument (1128992)". National Heritage List for England. Retrieved 24 January 2021.
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  29. ↑ Historic England. "Statue known as the Gilded Duchess, approximately 120 metres south of Sculpture Gallery (1321669)". National Heritage List for England. Retrieved 4 January 2022.
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  36. ↑ Malcolm Hay & Jacqueline Riding (1996). Art in Parliament - The Permanent Collection of the House of Commons. Jarrod Publishing & The Palace of Westminster. ISBN 0-7117-0898-3.
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  41. ↑ Historic Environment Scotland. "Balmoral Castle, Statue of John Brown (Category A Listed Building) (LB51493)". Retrieved 25 January 2021.
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  44. ↑ Historic England. "Drake statue (1386462)". National Heritage List for England. Retrieved 24 January 2021.
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  52. ↑ Historic England. "Statue of Lord Lawrence (1066146)". National Heritage List for England. Retrieved 24 January 2021.
  53. ↑ "Fountain: Herbert Stewart monument". London Remembers. Retrieved 25 January 2021.
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  55. ↑ Historic Environment Scotland. "Balmoral Castle, Statue of Queen Victoria (Category A Listed Building) (LB51495)". Retrieved 24 January 2021.
  56. ↑ Historic England. "Statue of Lord Iddesleigh (1267606)". National Heritage List for England. Retrieved 25 January 2021.
  57. ↑ "Stafford Henry Northcote Statue". Exeter Memories. 5 June 2009. Archived from the original on 17 August 2009. Retrieved 25 January 2021.
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  60. ↑ Historic England. "Statue of Albert, Prince Consort (1323670)". National Heritage List for England. Retrieved 24 January 2021.
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  62. ↑ Andrew Lynch (9 September 2004). "St George and the Dragon, State Library of Melbourne". Medievalism in Australian Cultural Memory. Retrieved 8 June 2021.
  63. 1 2 Mark Stocker (1988). Royalist and Realist: The Life and Work of Sir Joseph Edgar Boehm. Garland. ISBN 0824000935.
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  65. ↑ Historic England. "Queen Victoria Statue (1355171)". National Heritage List for England. Retrieved 24 January 2021.
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  67. ↑ Historic Environment Scotland. "Elder Park, Statue of John Elder (Category B Listed Building) (LB33305)". Retrieved 26 January 2021.
  68. ↑ Historic Environment Scotland. "High Street, Memorial to Walter Francis, 5th Duke of Buccleuch and 7th Duke of Queensberry (Category A Listed Building) (LB27844)". Retrieved 26 January 2021.
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  70. ↑ "Charles Darwin". Westminster Abbey. Retrieved 11 August 2022.
  71. 1 2 Jason Edwards, Amy Harris & Greg Sullivan (2021). Monuments of St Paul's Cathedral 1796–1916. Scala Arts & Heritage Publishers Ltd. ISBN 978-1-78551-360-2.
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  74. ↑ Historic England. "Statue of Lord Napier of Magdala in centre of roadway at North end next to Kensington Road (1265357)". National Heritage List for England. Retrieved 24 January 2021.
  75. ↑ Historic England. "Statue of Field Marshal Lord Napier (1224311)". National Heritage List for England. Retrieved 24 January 2021.
  76. ↑ Historic England. "Statue of horse to centre of stable courtyard (1159341)". National Heritage List for England. Retrieved 25 January 2021.
  77. ↑ Historic Environment Scotland. "Ecclefechan Village, statue of Thomas Carlyle (on The Higgs) (Category B Listed Building) (LB10047)". Retrieved 14 April 2021.
  78. ↑ Diane Bilbey with Marjorie Trusted (2002). British Sculpture 1470 to 2000 A Concise Catalogue of the Collection at the Victoria and Albert Museum. V&A Publications. ISBN 1851773959.
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  80. ↑ "Monument to Frank Holl". The Courtauld Institute of Art. Retrieved 23 July 2022.
  81. ↑ Historic Environment Scotland. "Dalkeith Park, St Mary's Episcopal Chapel, with lamp standard (Category A Listed Building) (LB1441)". Retrieved 26 December 2022.
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