Eastern Theater Command
东部战区
Founded1 February 2016 (2016-02-01)
Country People's Republic of China
Allegiance Chinese Communist Party
TypeTheater Command
Part of People's Liberation Army
HeadquartersNanjing, Jiangsu
WebsiteOfficial website (in English)
Commanders
CommanderGeneral Lin Xiangyang
Political CommissarGeneral Liu Qingsong
Chief of StaffGeneral Hong Jiangqiang
Insignia
Sleeve insignia

The Eastern Theater Command (simplified Chinese: 东部战区; traditional Chinese: 東部戰區; pinyin: Dōngbù zhànqū) is one of the five theater commands of the People's Liberation Army (PLA), founded 1 February 2016. It replaced the Nanjing Military Region. The command is headquartered in Nanjing.[1]

Its jurisdiction includes Jiangsu, Zhejiang, Anhui, Fujian, Jiangxi, Shanghai[1] provinces and the East China Sea to include the Strait of Taiwan.[2][3][4] The Eastern Theater Command is primarily composed three subordinate single-service component commands: the Eastern Theater Army of the PLAGF, the East Sea Fleet of the PLAN, and the Eastern Theater Command Air Force of the PLAAF which conduct combat operations within the command's area of responsibility.[5] Also under the Eastern Theater Command is the Wuxi Joint Logistics Support Center (JSLC) of the CMC's Joint Logistics Support Force which provides logistic and material support to the command and Base 61 of the PLARF which is responsible for missile employment in the Eastern Theater.[5][6][7]

Its commander is General Lin Xiangyang and its political commissar is General He Ping.[8]

Area of responsibility

Eastern Theater Command's area of responsibility (AOR) includes East China, the East China Sea, and the Taiwan Strait.[9][3] The command's primary missions are maintaining security in the East China Sea and the conduct of major operations against Taiwan, including the Penghu, Kinmen and Matsu Islands.[9] It is also likely responsible for matters relating to Japan, including the Ryukyu Archipelago, the Tsushima Strait and the disputed Senkaku Islands.[3][10]

History

On 1 February 2016, the Eastern Theater Command held its inaugural meeting in the Bayi Building in Beijing. The meeting was held concurrently with all of the other newly created theater commands. General Secretary of the CCP and Chairman of the CMC Xi Jinping was in attendance, awarding military flags and issuing the official instructions. CMC Vice Chairman and CCP Politburo Member Fan Changlong read out the orders while CMC Vice Chairman Xu Qiliang presided.

In response to the 2022 visit by United States Speaker of the House Nancy Pelosi to Taiwan, the Eastern Theater Command conducted joint ground, air, and naval military exercises including live-fire drills, missile launches over Taipei, and Taiwanese Air Defense Identification Zone (ADIZ) incursions.[11][12][13][14][15]

Organizational structure

The Eastern Theater Command, like other Chinese theater commands, consists of a joint headquarters, a joint logistics support center (JSLC) from the PLA Joint Logistics Support Force, a PLA Ground Force (PLAGF) service component, a PLA Air Force (PLAAF) service component, a PLA Navy (PLAN) service component, and a PLA Rocket Force (PLARF) service component. Within Eastern Theater Command these units these are the Nanjing headquarters, Wuxi Joint Logistics Support Facility, Eastern Theater Command Ground Forces, Eastern Theater Command Air Force, Eastern Fleet, and Base 61.[9][10]

Headquarters

Located in Nanjing, capital of Jiangsu Province, the Eastern Theater Command headquarters includes both the General Staff Department, responsible for staff support to command leadership, and the Political Works Department, providing the Chinese Communist Party (CCP) oversight and influence within the command. The command's General Staff Department (Chinese: 参谋部; pinyin: Cānmóu Bù) consists of at least eight sections: combat bureau, intelligence bureau, information assurance agency, military demand bureau, joint training board, mobilization bureau, work department bureau, work direction bureau, and war service bureau. The command's Political Works Department (Chinese: 政治工作部; pinyin: Zhèngzhì Gōngzuò Bù) consists of at least six bureaus: general, organization, cadre, military and civilian, publicity, and group workers liaison bureau.

PLA Ground Force

Map of Eastern Theater Command units

The PLA Ground Force (PLAGF) component of Eastern Theater Command is composed of three major units: The 71st, 72nd, and 73rd Group Army. Since 2017 reforms, the PLAGF group army represents a more evolved, flexible, and capable operational organization that provides Chinese military decision makers with the ability to task-organize forces to accomplish specific missions.[3] Each group army doctrinally commands twelve brigades: six combined-arms brigades (CA-BDEs) and six support brigades including aviation, artillery, air defense, CBRN, special operations forces (SOF), and others.[3]

71st Group Army

The 71st Group Army (Chinese: 第七十一集团军) traces its history back to the 12th Corps, a February 1949 consolidation of the 34th, 35th, and 36th Divisions.[16] In December of 1950, the 12th Corps incorporated the 31st Division of the 11th Corps and entered the Korean War, fighting in the Shangganling Campaign against two United Nations divisions.[17] In May of 1989, the Central Military Commission mobilized at least 14 of the PLA's 24 group armies to enforce martial law against student-led protests in Tiananmen Square from five of the seven military regions, a larger force than had been mobilized for China's border wars with Vietnam, India, or the Soviet Union.[18][19][20] The Nanjing Military Region, predecessor to the Eastern Theater Command, airlifted the 34th, 36th, and 110th Infantry Divisions, an artillery brigade, and an anti-aircraft battalion from the 12th Corps following Xu Qinxian's refusal to mobilize the 38th Army in Beijing.[21] In 2017 the 12th Corps was disbanded and replaced by the 71st Group Army as China replaced their seven military regions with five theater commands.

Headquartered in Xuzhou, Jiangsu, the composition of the 71st Group Army matches the Chinese doctrinal group army structure commanding six combined-arms brigades and seven support brigades.[3] The 71st Group Army is understood to consist of the below units. Note, the PLAGF uniquely identifies support brigades using the same unit number as the parent group army.

  • Headquarters
  • 2nd Heavy Combined-Arms Brigade
  • 35th Heavy Combined-Arms Brigade
  • 160th Heavy Combined-Arms Brigade
  • 235th Heavy Combined-Arms Brigade
  • 178th Medium Combined-Arms Brigade
  • 179th Light Combined-Arms Brigade
  • 71st Army Aviation Brigade
  • 71st Artillery Brigade
  • 71st Air Defense Brigade
  • 71st Special Operations Brigade
  • 71st Service Support Brigade

72nd Group Army

The 72nd Group Army (Chinese: 第七十二集团军), headquartered in Huzhou City, Zhejiang Province, originates from the 1930 activation of the 2nd Red Army in Hunan which took part in Mao's famous Long March. The 2nd Red Army was reorganized and redesignated as the 1st Corps in February 1947 taking an active role in the Chinese Civil War include in the battles for Shanzong, Fumei, and Longdong.[22] In April 1953, 1st Corps was deployed to the Korean War but returned to China after only a few months with the conflict's cessation.[23][24] In 2017, with the transformation of military regions to theater commands, the PLAGF 1st Corps was reorganized and redesignated as the 72nd Ground Army. The 72nd Group Army is understood to consist of the below units.

  • Headquarters
  • 10th Heavy Combined-Arms Brigade
  • 5th Amphibious Combined-Arms Brigade
  • 124th Amphibious Combined-Arms Brigade
  • 85th Medium Combined-Arms Brigade
  • 90th Light Combined-Arms Brigade
  • 72nd Army Aviation Brigade
  • 72nd Artillery Brigade
  • 72nd Air Defense Brigade
  • 72nd Special Operations Brigade
  • 72nd Service Support Brigade

73rd Group Army

The 73rd Group Army (Chinese: 第七十三集团军) is headquartered in Bantou, Jimei District, Xiamen City, of Fujian Province – directly across the strait from Taiwan.[25] The 73rd Group Army's history begins in 1941 with the Shantung Column of the Shangtung Military Region. Undergoing a number of restructures and redesignations throughout the 1940s, eventually to become the 31st Corps.[26] Unlike the predecessors of the 71st and 72nd Group Armies (12th and 1st Corps) of the Eastern Theater Command, the 73rd Group Army's predecessor (the 31st Corps) was not selected to deploy in the early 1950s Korean War and remained in Fujian Province to defend the Chinese mainland against a potential US-Taiwan invasion.[27] Later in 1958, the 31st Corps took part in the artillery bombardment of the Republic of China's Kinmen (Quemoy) and Matsu Islands precipitating the Second Taiwan Strait Crisis.[27] As the 12th Corps and 1st Corps were reorganized and redesignated as the 71st and 72nd Army Groups in China's 2015–2017 military reforms, the 31st Corps became the 73rd Army Group. As one of two group armies in the Eastern Theater Command with amphibious combined-arms brigades, the 73rd Group has been prominently featured by Chinese media conducting amphibious landing drills in Fujian Province demonstrating its capability to take part in the use of force against Taiwan.[28][29][30] The 73rd Group Army is understood to consists of the below units.

  • Headquarters
  • 86th Heavy Combined-Arms Brigade
  • 14th Amphibious Combined-Arms Brigade
  • 91st Amphibious Combined-Arms Brigade
  • 145th Medium Combined-Arms Brigade
  • 3rd Light Combined-Arms Brigade
  • 73rd Army Aviation Brigade
  • 73rd Artillery Brigade
  • 73nd Air Defense Brigade
  • 73rd Special Operations Brigade
  • 73rd Service Support Brigade

PLA Air Force

The Eastern Theater Command Air Force is the People's Liberation Army Air Force (PLAAF) component of Eastern Theater Command and is led by commander Huang Guoxian (Chinese: 黄国显) who took office in February 2016 and political commissar Lieutenant General Zhong Weiguo (Chinese: 钟卫国) who took office in June 2019.[31][32]

The PLAAF has largely disestablished divisions and converted their subordinate regiments to brigades. With only the 10th Bomber Division remaining as a division, the Eastern Theater Command Air Force is composed of the following units.

  • 8th Fighter Brigade
  • 9th Fighter Brigade
  • 25th Fighter Brigade
  • 40th Fighter Brigade
  • 41st Fighter Brigade
  • 78th Fighter Brigade
  • 83rd Fighter Brigade
  • 85th Fighter Brigade
  • 95th Fighter Brigade
  • 10th Bomber Division
    • 28th Bomber Regiment
    • 29th Bomber Regiment
    • 30th Bomber Regiment
  • 76th Air Regiment
  • 77th Air Regiment
  • 93rd Regiment
  • Unidentified drone attack brigade

PLA Navy

PLA Naval Air Force

  • 1st Air Division (Shanghai)
  • 17th Air Regiment (Changzhou)
  • 5th Independent Bomber Regiment (Changzhou)
  • 4th Naval Aviation Brigade (Taizhou)
  • 11th Air Regiment (Ningbo)
  • 18th Air Regiment (JH-7)

PLA Rocket Force

The People's Liberation Army Rocket Force (PLARF) component of Eastern Theater Command is Base 61 in Huangshan, Anhui. Base 61 has been regarded as the PLARF's "premier conventional base opposite Taiwan" where a number of senior PLARF leadership were likely to have been stationed.[7] Base 61 traces its origins back to August 1965 with the establishment of Unit 121 in Guangyang Township, Shitai County which was responsible for the construction of missile silos under the PLA's Second Artillery Corps (predecessor to the PLARF) and led by Liao Changmei (Chinese: 廖成美).[33][34] PLA Rocket Force 61st Base (Huangshan City, Anhui Province) The unit was converted into the Project 303 headquarters in June 1966 and remained until 25 May 1968 when the Central Military Commission renamed the headquarters to Base 52 of the Second Artillery Corps, the PLARF component of the Nanjing Military Region (predecessor to the Eastern Theater Command). PLA Rocket Force 61st Base (Huangshan City, Anhui Province) Base 52 comprised the 807th, 811th, 815th, 817th, 818th, 819th, 820th, and 827th Brigades armed with DF-21, DF-15C, DF-15A, DF-11A, CJ-10A, and DF-21C ballistic missiles. PLA Rocket Force 61st Base (Huangshan City, Anhui Province) In 2016 the newly established PLARF took command of Base 52 which would be redesignated as Base 61 and its subordinate brigades renamed 611 to 618.[35][36][37]

PLARF Units of the Eastern Theater Command
Brigade Chinese name Missile type City Province
Base 61 Headquarters Huangshan Anhui
611 六十一基地611旅 DF-21A Chizhou Anhui
612 六十一基地612旅 DF-21 or DF-21A Jingdezhen Jiangxi
613 六十一基地613旅 DF-15B Shangrao Anhui
614 六十一基地614旅 DF-11A or DF-17 Yong'an Fujian
615 六十一基地615旅 DF-11A Meizhou Guangdong
616 六十一基地616旅 DF-15 Ganzhou Jiangxi
617 六十一基地617旅 DF-16 Jinhua Zhejian
618 六十一基地618旅 Unknown Unknown Unknown

References

  1. 1 2 "详解五大战区范围：战区陆军司令部独立驻扎". Sina Corp. 11 February 2016. Archived from the original on December 26, 2017. Retrieved 25 December 2017.
  2. ↑ "媒体：成立东部战区海军 是不是东海舰队就没了". Guancha Syndicate. 7 March 2016. Archived from the original on December 26, 2017. Retrieved 25 December 2017.
  3. 1 2 3 4 5 6 Army Techniques Publication (ATP) 7-100.3: Chinese Tactics (PDF). Washington D.C.: Headquarters, Department of the Army (United States). 2021. p. 35. ISBN 9798457607118.
  4. ↑ Chan, Minnie (12 August 2022). "Taiwan drills: PLA sends in extra troops to back up Eastern Theatre Command". South China Morning Post.
  5. 1 2 Wood, Peter (14 March 2017). Snapshot: China's Eastern Theater Command (Report). The Jamestown Foundation.
  6. ↑ "Annual Report to Congress: Military and security developments involving the PRC 2018" (PDF). Office of Secretary of Defense. 16 May 2018. Archived (PDF) from the original on 6 December 2018. Retrieved 10 June 2019.
  7. 1 2 Saunders, Phillip C.; Ding, Arthur S.; Scobell, Andrew; Yang, Andrew N.D.; Wunthnow, Joel (2019). "6". Chairman Xi Remakes the PLA: Assessing Chinese Military Reforms (PDF). Washington, D.C.: National Defense University Press.
  8. ↑ "将军履新！中部战区原司令员上将林向阳重回东部战区|东部战区_新浪军事_新浪网". mil.news.sina.com.cn. Retrieved 2022-08-02.
  9. 1 2 3 Military and Security Developments Involving the People's Republic of China 2021 Annual Report to Congress (Office of the Secretary of Defense) (PDF) (Report). Arlington, Virginia. 2021.
  10. 1 2 Military and Security Developments Involving the People's Republic of China (PDF) (Report). Arlington, Virginia. 2020.
  11. ↑ Liu Zhen (3 August 2022). "China vows military operations around Taiwan in response to Pelosi visit". South China Morning Post. Archived from the original on 2 August 2022. Retrieved 2 August 2022.
  12. ↑ "China to launch 'targeted military operations' due to Pelosi visit". Reuters. 2 August 2022. Archived from the original on 2 August 2022. Retrieved 3 August 2022.
  13. ↑ Plummer, Robert (4 August 2022). "Taiwan braces as China drills follow Pelosi visit". BBC News. Archived from the original on 6 August 2022. Retrieved 6 August 2022.
  14. ↑ Shull, Abbie (2 August 2022). "21 Chinese warplanes, including more than a dozen fighter aircraft, flew through Taiwan's air defense zone on the day of Pelosi's visit". Business Insider. Archived from the original on 2 August 2022. Retrieved 3 August 2022.
  15. ↑ "Chinese missiles suspected of landing in Japan's economic zone". Al Jazeera. Archived from the original on 4 August 2022. Retrieved 5 August 2022.
  16. ↑ In accordance with the Regulation of the Redesignations of All Organizations and Units of the Army, issued by Central Military Commission on 1 November 1948.
  17. ↑ Zhang, Song Shan (张嵩山) (2010). Decipher Shangganling (解密上甘岭) (in Chinese). Beijing: Beijing Publishing House. pp. 217–218. ISBN 978-7-200-08113-8.
  18. ↑ (Chinese) Wu Renhua, "六四北京戒严部队的数量和番号" 《1989天安门事件二十周年祭》之三 Accessed 2013-06-29
  19. ↑ (Chinese) Wu Renhua, "六四：一场没有武装对手的战争" 《1989天安门事件二十周年祭》系列之八 Accessed 2013-06-28
  20. ↑ (Chinese) Wu Renhua, "六四：一场没有武装对手的战争" 《1989天安门事件二十周年祭》系列之八 Accessed 2013-06-28
  21. ↑ (Chinese)Wu Renhua, "进京的戒严部队和进京路线" 《1989天安门事件二十周年祭》系列之十二 Accessed 2013-06-29
  22. ↑ William W. Whitson, with Chen-hsia Huang. (1973) The Chinese high command; a history of Communist military politics, 1927-71. Foreword by Lucian W. Pye.
  23. ↑ Witson 1972, 114(?)
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  26. ↑ Richard H. Yang eds. China's Military: The PLA in 1992/1993 (Taipei: Chinese Council of Advanced Policy Studies; 1993): p. 191-2
  27. 1 2 Suciu, Peter (28 May 2021). "Is China Preparing Troops For An Invasion Of Taiwan?". 19FortyFive.
  28. ↑ Wang, Amber (17 August 2022). "China's military says a 1950 battle has the 'winning code' for a future amphibious invasion". South China Morning Post.
  29. ↑ Roscoe, Matthew (9 August 2022). "China conducts 'maritime assault exercises' on beach off coast of Fujian". EuroWeekly News.
  30. ↑ Feng, John; Brennan, David; Giella, Lauren (2 August 2022). "Nancy Pelosi's Taiwan Visit: Chinese Military to Conduct Drills Around Taiwan". Newsweek.
  31. ↑ Lin Yunshi (林韵诗) (23 February 2016). 东部战区空军领导层亮相 黄国显任司令员. caixin.com (in Chinese). Retrieved 31 August 2021.
  32. ↑ Lin Yunshi (林韵诗) (29 July 2019). 西部战区空军副政委钟卫国转岗东部战区. caixin.com (in Chinese). Retrieved 31 August 2021.
  33. ↑ Saunders, Phillip (2019). Chairman Xi Remakes the PLA: Assessing Chinese Military Reforms. National Defense University Press. pp. 401–405.
  34. ↑ Xingrong, Li (4 March 2014). "红土名人廖成美" [Clay Celebrity Liao Chengmei]. Minxi Revolutionary History Museum (in Chinese). Archived from the original on 14 May 2019.
  35. ↑ Gill, Bates; Ni, Adam (2019-03-04). "The People's Liberation Army Rocket Force: reshaping China's approach to strategic deterrence" (PDF). Australian Journal of International Affairs. 73 (2): 160–180. doi:10.1080/10357718.2018.1545831. ISSN 1035-7718. S2CID 159087704.
  36. ↑ Stokes, Mark (March 12, 2010). "China's Nuclear Warhead Storage and Handling System" (PDF). Project 2049 Institute. Archived (PDF) from the original on January 12, 2020.
  37. ↑ Kristensen, Hans M.; Korda, Matt (2019-07-04). "Chinese nuclear forces, 2019". Bulletin of the Atomic Scientists. 75 (4): 171–178. Bibcode:2019BuAtS..75d.171K. doi:10.1080/00963402.2019.1628511. ISSN 0096-3402.

See also

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