The patriarch of Antioch is one of the Eastern Orthodox patriarchs, the leader of the autocephalous Greek Orthodox Church of Antioch. The term "Greek" does not refer to ethnic origin; the majority of these patriarchs were not ethnic Greeks, but rather Hellenized Arabs, Arameans, Assyrians, and other Levantines who spoke Greek and adopted a Hellenic identity. It refers to the fact that this church follows the Chalcedonian Orthodoxy associated with the (Greek-speaking) Byzantine Empire. Since 518, there have been two Orthodox patriarchs of Antioch: the Chalcedonian ones listed here, and the non-Chalcedonian Syriac Orthodox patriarchs of Antioch.

Greek Orthodox patriarchs of Antioch from 518 to 1724

  • Paul the Jew (518–521)
  • Euphrasius (521–526)
  • Ephraim of Amid (526–546)
  • Domnus III (546–561)
  • Anastasius I of Antioch (561–571)
  • Gregory (571–594)
  • Anastasius I of Antioch (restored) (594–599)
  • Anastasius II (599–610)
  • Gregory II (610–620)
  • Anastasius III (620–628)
  • Macedonius (639–662)
  • George I (662–669)
  • Macarius (669–681)
  • Theophanes (681–684)
  • Sebastian (687–690)
  • George II (691–702)
  • Stephen IV (743–744)
  • Theophylact (744–750)
  • Theodore I (750-773)
  • Theodoret (781–812)
  • Job (813–844)
  • Nicholas (846–868)
  • Theodosius I (870–890)
  • Simeon (892–907)
  • Elias (907–934)
  • Theodosius II (936-943)
  • Theocharistus (944-948)
  • Agapius I (953-959)
  • Christopher (960–967)
  • Eustratius (969)
    Seal of Theodore II (Theodore of Koloneia)
  • Theodore II (970–976)
  • Agapius II (978–996)
  • John III (996–1021)
  • Nicholas II (1025–1030)
  • Elias II (1032–1033)
  • Theodore III (1034-1042)
    Seal of Basil II
  • Basil II (?-?)
  • Peter III (1052–1056)
  • John IV (1056–1057)
  • Theodosius III (1057–1059)
  • Aemilian (1074–1078)
  • Nicephorus (1079–?)
  • John V (or IV) (1091–1100)

After 1098, the patriarchate was in exile, at first at Constantinople, having been replaced by a Latin patriarch.

  • John VI (or V) (1106–1134)
  • Soterichos Panteugenos (elect, 1156–1157)
  • Euthymius (1159–1164)
  • Macarius II (1164–1166)
  • Athanasius I (1166–1180)
  • Theodosius III (1180–1182)
  • Elias III (1182–1184)
  • Christopher II (1184–1185)
  • Theodore IV (Balsamon) (1185–1199)
  • Joachim (1199–1219)
  • Dorotheus (1219–1245)
  • Simeon II (1245–1268)
  • Euthymius (1268–1269)
  • Theodosius IV (1269–1276)

With Theodosius, the patriarchate returned to Antioch.

  • Theodosius V Villehardouin (1276–1285)
  • Arsenius (1285–1293)
  • Dionysius (1293–1308)
  • Mark (1308–1342)
  • Ignatius II (1342–1386)

With Ignatius, the patriarchate transferred to Damascus.

The Greek Orthodox Patriarchate of Antioch split into two factions in 1724 as the Melkite Greek Catholic Church broke communion with the Orthodox Church and established communion with the Catholic Church. Both groups recognize the same list of patriarchs for the period before 1724, but have had different patriarchs since.

Greek Orthodox patriarchs of Antioch after 1724

Literature

  • Ostrogorsky, George (1956). History of the Byzantine State. Oxford: Basil Blackwell.
  • Meyendorff, John (1989). Imperial unity and Christian divisions: The Church 450-680 A.D. The Church in history. Vol. 2. Crestwood, NY: St. Vladimir's Seminary Press. ISBN 978-0-88-141056-3.
  • Hage, Wolfgang (2007). Das orientalische Christentum. Stuttgart: Kohlhammer Verlag. ISBN 9783170176683.
  • Kiminas, Demetrius (2009). The Ecumenical Patriarchate: A History of Its Metropolitanates with Annotated Hierarch Catalogs. Wildside Press LLC. ISBN 9781434458766.
  • Prosopographie der mittelbyzantinischen Zeit
  • Grumel, Venance (1934). "Le patriarcat et les patriarches d'Antioche sous la seconde domination byzantine (969-1084)". Échos d'Orient. 33 (174): 129–147. doi:10.3406/rebyz.1934.2786.

References

  1. ↑ Masters, B. (2004). Christians and Jews in the Ottoman Arab World: The Roots of Sectarianism. Cambridge Studies in Islamic Civilization. Cambridge University Press. p. 89. ISBN 978-0-521-00582-1. Retrieved 14 May 2021.
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