Douglas Wayne Martin (June 30, 1950 – April 19, 1993),[1] was an American Branch Davidian and Harvard-trained attorney who left the Seventh-day Adventist Church.[2] He worked as an attorney in multiple fields, including contract, child custody, and real estate law, and provided the proceeds to the Branch Davidians.[3] He was nominally married to Sheila Judith Martin,[4] another Branch Davidian, but she was "carnally" married to David Koresh, the Branch Davidian leader. Wayne and Sheila had seven children, four of whom died in the 1993 fire: Wayne Joseph, 20; Anita, 18; Sheila Renee, 15; and Lisa Martin, 13.[5][6] Sheila Martin, who left Mount Carmel Center on March 21 in the middle of the siege, eventually won custody over the three surviving children: James, Daniel, and Kimberly Martin.[5] Wayne Martin was present at Mount Carmel Center when the February 28, 1993, raid occurred. He was the first person in the compound to call 9-1-1 to local authorities and asked to call off the raid for risk of harming women and children.[7] He was considered the second- or third-in-command at Mt. Carmel, behind or equal to Steve Schneider. He died in the April 19, 1993, fire with three of his children. Wayne Martin was a character in the 2018 miniseries Waco, played by Demore Barnes.[8]

Early life, education, and career

Martin was born to Joseph and Helen Martin in Queens, New York City, on June 30, 1950, where he grew up.[9] He attended City College of the City University of New York system as an undergraduate history major, where he made the Dean's list.[1][9][10][11] He received a law degree from Harvard Law School in 1977, and he worked as an assistant professor at North Carolina Central University law school for seven years starting in 1978.[1][12] He also worked as a law librarian at North Carolina Central University until 1985.[13][14] He also received a master's degree in business administration from Columbia University, according to The Dallas Morning News.[15] He was admitted to the Texas Bar in 1988, and he was also a member of the Pennsylvania Bar.[9]

He was friends with Lawrence Johnson, a lawyer, Waco City Council member, and president of the McLennan County chapter of the National Association for the Advancement of Colored People (NAACP), for approximately five years.[1]

Martin joined the Branch Davidians in 1985 when introduced to them through his wife Sheila J. Martin.[16]

Waco siege and death

Martin was the first person to call 9-1-1 when the Bureau of Alcohol, Tobacco, and Firearms (ATF) began a raid of the Mt. Carmel compound on February 28, 1993.[17] He called at 9:48 am local time (UTC–5:00).[18] In the call, he claimed to Larry Lynch, a McLennan County sheriff's deputy, that the ATF shot first.[19] Martin later that same morning called Lawrence Johnson to ask him to contact the media about the raid, and he sent Johnson money to reimburse clients he could not represent while besieged in the Mt. Carmel compound.[1] He also spoke to Gary Coker, a Waco lawyer who represented Branch Davidians, before the Federal Bureau of Investigation (FBI) cut the telephone lines.[1] Later, by at least March 6, 1993, Coker spoke with Martin to discuss a film production deal that Hollywood executives offered the Branch Davidians after the start of the siege.[20]

Of all the people FBI negotiators spoke to on a Hostage-Rescue-Team-provided telephone, Martin was one of two people who the FBI spoke to face-to-face (the other being Steve Schneider).[1][21]

Martin died of smoke inhalation and burns in the auditorium area of Mt. Carmel Center, sometimes reported as a "concrete bunker."[22] His body was identified using dental records.[23]

Impact on criminal and civil trials

Eleven Branch Davidians stood trial over their involvement in the shootout on the February 28, 1993, raid that started the siege. Martin's 9-1-1 call was used as evidence in favor of the eleven Branch Davidians, who argued they fired at the ATF agents in self-defense. The eleven defendants and their legal team used the call as evidence that the ATF agents shot at the Branch Davidians first, and as such they returned fire in self-defense.[24][25][26]

In addition to the criminal trial, surviving Branch Davidians brought a multimillion-dollar lawsuit against the federal government for the wrongful deaths in the botched February 28 ATF raid and April 19, 1993, fire.[27] The tape of Martin's initial call to 9-1-1 and Larry Lynch was shown to an advisory jury in an effort to ascertain if the Branch Davidians were returning fire in self-defense and if the ATF agents were negligent in a random use of force.[27][28][29]

See also

References

  1. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 Pressley, Sue Anne; Jordan, Mary (April 22, 1993). "'MIGHTY MEN' OF CULT ENFORCED KORESH'S RULES". Washington Post. ISSN 0190-8286. Retrieved July 12, 2022.
  2. ↑ "Branch Davidians: Thinking About the Followers A Harvard-Trained Lawyer, Not a Mindless 'Fanatic'". Baltimore Sun. June 6, 1993. Retrieved July 11, 2022.
  3. ↑ Verhovek, Sam (July 9, 1995). "NO MARTYRS IN WACO". The New York Times. ISSN 0362-4331. Retrieved July 12, 2022.
  4. ↑ Benson, Eric (March 26, 2018). "At Bible Study With David Koresh's Last Followers". Texas Monthly. Retrieved August 10, 2022.
  5. 1 2 England, Mark (February 8, 1994). "Widow plans to sue ATF: Branch Davidian lost husband, four children in April 19 fire". WacoTrib.com. Retrieved July 12, 2022.
  6. ↑ Aron, Jaime (September 29, 1993). "Branch Davidian Woman Takes Son Home". AP NEWS. Archived from the original on July 12, 2022. Retrieved July 12, 2022.
  7. ↑ Burnett, John (April 20, 2013). "Two Decades Later, Some Branch Davidians Still Believe". NPR.org. Retrieved July 11, 2022.
  8. ↑ "Wayne Martin". WACO. Archived from the original on July 18, 2022. Retrieved July 18, 2022.
  9. 1 2 3 "D. W. Martin," Texas Bar Journal 56 (1993): 850.
  10. ↑ Sam Howe Verhovek, "Face-to-Face Talks Are Held With 2 Cult Members; Federal Agents Increase the Pressure on a Besieged Sect," The New York Times, March 17, 1993.
  11. ↑ Michael DeCourcy Hinds, "Death in Waco: The Lost Cause; Texas Cult Membership: Many Lives, Shared Fate," The New York Times, April 20, 1993.
  12. ↑ AP (June 22, 2000). "Former Durham resident among plaintiffs in Waco lawsuit". The Associated Press State & Local Wire.
  13. ↑ "FORMER N.C. CENTRAL LAW LIBRARIAN SPEAKS FOR BRANCH DAVIDIANS". Greensboro News and Record. March 30, 1993. Retrieved July 12, 2022.
  14. ↑ "Ex-library staff among Waco dead". American Libraries. 24 (6): 471. June 1993.
  15. ↑ "Branch Davidians Living and Dead: Who Are They?". The Dallas Morning News. May 16, 1993. Retrieved August 10, 2022.
  16. ↑ Adams, George (November 2010). "When They Were Mine: Memoirs of a Branch Davidian Wife and Mother". Nova Religio: The Journal of Alternative and Emergent Religions. 14 (2): 126–7. doi:10.1525/nr.2010.14.2.126. JSTOR 10.1525/nr.2010.14.2.126 – via JSTOR.
  17. ↑ "Former dispatchers remember 911 calls from Branch Davidian raid". KXXV. March 1, 2018. Retrieved July 12, 2022.
  18. ↑ U.S. Congress, House of Representatives, Committee on Government Reform, The Tragedy at Waco: New Evidence Examined: Eleventh Report by the Committee on Government Reform, 106th Cong., 2d sess., 2000, House Report 106–1037, 90.
  19. ↑ "CESNUR - Updates on Waco: June 21, 2000". www.cesnur.org. Retrieved July 12, 2022.
  20. ↑ Whittake P., "No peaceful parishioners in this pious compound," Herald Sun (Melbourne), March 6, 1993.
  21. ↑ Whittaker P., "Aussie Cultist Seeks Release," Courier-Mail (Brisbane, Australia), March 18, 1993.
  22. ↑ "Bodies of 2 Cult Lieutenants Are Identified," The New York Times, May 12, 1993.
  23. ↑ Richard Scruggs et al., Report to the Deputy Attorney General on the Events at Waco, Texas, February 28 to April 19, 1993, redacted version, October 8, 1993, XIII, C, 2. Cited section available digitally here. This report erroneously reports Martin's age at death as 32, but various other sources report 42.
  24. ↑ Sam Howe Verhovek, "11 in Texas Sect Are Acquitted Of Key Charges," The New York Times, February 27, 1994.
  25. ↑ Associated Press, "'Call it Off!': Davidian Begged Police on Phone," Dayton Daily News, February 17, 1994.
  26. ↑ Rupert Cornwell, "FBI humiliated by Waco verdict," The Independent (London), February 28, 1994.
  27. 1 2 Suzanne Gamboa, "Jurors hear tape of raid against Davidian complex," Windsor Star (Ontario, Canada), June 22, 2000.
  28. ↑ Kevin Johnson, "Jury listens to audio record of Waco conflict: Plaintiffs say tapes show negligence of federal agents," USA Today, June 22, 2000.
  29. ↑ Associated Press, "Tape relives drama of raid on Waco sect," Philadelphia Daily News, June 22, 2000.
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