Dōjō
"Dōjō" in kanji
Japanese name
Kanji道場

A dōjō (道場, Japanese pronunciation: [doꜜː(d)ʑoː][note 1]) is a hall or place for immersive learning, experiential learning or meditation. This is traditionally in the field of martial arts, but has been seen increasingly in other fields, such as meditation and software development. The term literally means "place of the Way" in Japanese.

History

The Ikenobō dōjō (right) next to Rokkaku-dō, Kyoto

The word dōjō originates from Buddhism. Initially, dōjō were adjunct to temples and were formal training places for any of the Japanese arts ending in "-dō", from the Chinese Dao, meaning "way" or "path". Sometimes meditation halls where Zen Buddhists practice zazen meditation were called dōjō.[1] The alternative term zen-do is more specific, and more widely used. European Sōtō Zen groups affiliated with the International Zen Association prefer to use dōjō instead of zendo to describe their meditation halls as did their founding master, Taisen Deshimaru.

In Japan, any facility for physical training, including professional wrestling, may be called a dōjō.[2] In the Western world, the term dōjō (when related to physical activity) is used exclusively for Japanese martial arts such as aikidō, jūdō, karate-dō, etc.[3]

In martial arts

A kendō dōjō, Tokyo
Traditional Dojo – Shurei no yakata, Karate Kaikan – in Tomigusuku near Naha, Okinawa Prefecture, Japan

A proper Japanese martial arts dōjō is considered special and is well cared for by its users. Shoes are not worn in a dōjō. In many styles it is traditional to conduct a ritual cleaning (sōji; 掃除) of the dōjō at the beginning and/or end of each training session. Besides the obvious hygienic benefits of regular cleaning it also serves to reinforce the fact that dōjō are supposed to be supported and managed by the student body (or by special students, e.g., uchi-deshi), not the school's instructional staff. This attitude has become lost in many modern dōjō that are founded and run by a small group of people or instructors. In fact, it is not uncommon that in traditional schools (koryu), dōjō are rarely used for training at all, instead being reserved for more symbolic or formal occasions. The actual training is conducted typically outdoors or in a less formal area.

Many traditional dōjō follow a prescribed pattern with shomen (正面; "front") and various entrances that are used based on student and instructor rank laid out precisely. Typically students will enter in the lower-left corner of the dōjō (in reference to the shomen) with instructors in the upper right corner. Shomen typically contains a Shintō shrine with a sculpture, flower arrangement, or other artifacts. The term kamiza means "place of honor" and a related term, kamidana refers to the shrine itself. Other artifacts may be displayed throughout the dōjō, such as kanban (看板; signboard) that authorize the school in a style or strategy, and items such as taiko drums or armor (Ō-yoroi). It is not uncommon to find the name of the dōjō and the dōjō kun (roughly "dōjō rules") displayed prominently at shomen as well. Visitors may have a special place reserved, depending on their rank and station. Weapons and other training gear will normally be found on the back wall.

Honbu dōjō

A honbu dōjō (本部道場) is the central training facility and administrative headquarters of a particular martial arts style.

Some well-known dōjō located in Japan are:

Other names for training halls

Other names for training halls that are equivalent to "dōjō" include the following:

In other fields

The term dōjō is also increasingly used for other forms of immersive-learning space.

Zen Buddhism

The term dōjō is sometimes used to describe the meditation halls where Zen Buddhists practice zazen seated meditation.[1] The alternative term zen-do is more specific, and more widely used. European Sōtō Zen groups affiliated with the International Zen Association prefer to use dōjō instead of zendo to describe their meditation halls as did their founding master, Taisen Deshimaru.

Sōtō Zen Dojo of La Gendronniére near Blois (France)
  • Coding dōjō: a space and associated technique for groups to practice computer programming skills[4]
  • Testing dōjō: a space and time where testers work together on a testing challenge[5]
  • Agile coaching dōjō: a space where a cross-functional team works for up to three months, surrounded by an agile coach and technical subject matter experts, to learn and practice agile and technical practices[6]

Explanatory notes

  1. ↑ Also [doː(d)ʑoː].

References

  1. 1 2 Daisetz Teitarō Suzuki (2007). "Chapter 9: The Meditation Hall and the Monk's Life". An Introduction to Zen Buddhism. Grove Press. pp. 118–132. ISBN 9780802130556. OCLC 1074773870.
  2. ↑ "Meaning of Dojo". Kendo Basics. Kendo for Life. Retrieved 30 November 2013.
  3. ↑ "Martial Arts". Japan Experience. Retrieved 13 November 2012.
  4. ↑ Sato, D. T.; Corbucci, H.; Bravo, M. V. (2008). Coding dojo: an environment for learning and sharing agile practices. AGILE Conference. Los Alamitos, CA, US: IEEE Computer Society. pp. 459–464. CiteSeerX 10.1.1.568.2621.
  5. ↑ Gärtner, Markus (April 16, 2010). "Testing Dojos". www.shino.de. Retrieved 2018-04-05.
  6. ↑ Bennett, Dan (January 4, 2018). "Agile in approach: Using Dojo principles to find a better path". Thomson Reuters. Retrieved 2018-04-05.
  • The dictionary definition of dojo at Wiktionary
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