Diocese of Richmond

Diœcesis Richmondiensis
Cathedral of the Sacred Heart
Coat of arms
Location
Country United States
TerritoryCentral and Southern Virginia, as well as the Eastern Shore of Virginia
Ecclesiastical provinceBaltimore
MetropolitanBaltimore
Statistics
Area36,711 sq mi (95,080 km2)
Population
- Total
- Catholics		(as of 2015)
4,942,100
236,061 (4.7%)
Parishes142
Schools28
Information
DenominationCatholic
Sui iuris churchLatin Church
RiteLatin Rite
EstablishedJuly 11, 1820 (203 years ago)
CathedralCathedral of the Sacred Heart
Patron saintSt. Vincent de Paul
Current leadership
PopeFrancis
BishopBarry C. Knestout
Metropolitan ArchbishopWilliam E. Lori
Map
Website
richmonddiocese.org

The Diocese of Richmond (Latin: Diœcesis Richmondiensis) is a Latin Church ecclesiastical jurisdiction, or diocese, of the Catholic Church in Virginia in the United States. It is a suffragan diocese of the metropolitan Archdiocese of Baltimore.

The diocese's current bishop is Barry C. Knestout, who was appointed by Pope Francis on December 5, 2017.[1][2]

Statistics

The Diocese of Richmond encompasses all of central and southern Virginia, the Hampton Roads area, and the Eastern Shore of Chesapeake Bay.

As of 2022, the diocese had 135 diocesan and religious priests serving a Catholic population of 226,674 in 138 parishes and eight missions. The diocese was operating nine hospitals and seven facilities for the elderly.[3]

History

1600 to 1800

Prior to the American Revolution, few Catholics lived in the British Colony of Virginia. Attempts to found Catholic settlements in Virginia were made by Lord Baltimore in 1629, and by Captain George Brent in 1687. In 1634, John Altham, a Jesuit companion of Andrew White, performed missionary work among the Native American tribes living on the south bank of the Potomac River.

The colonial government of Virginia soon enacted stringent laws against the practice of Catholicism. In 1687, Edmonds and Raymond were arrested at Norfolk, Virginia, for exercising their priestly functions. During the last quarter of the 18th century, the few Catholic settlers at Aquia Creek near the Potomac, were attended by John Carroll and other Jesuit missionaries from Maryland.[4]

1800 to 1820

With the 1786 passage of the Virginia Statute for Religious Freedom, proposed by future US President Thomas Jefferson, Catholics were granted religious freedom in the new state of Virginia. Jean Dubois, accompanied by several French priests and letters of introduction from the Marquis de Lafayette, arrived in Norfolk in August 1791. in December 1791, the Virginia General Assembly invited Dubois to celebrate a Mass in the courtroom of the new Virginia State House. This was the first Mass conducted anywhere in Richmond.[4]

Future US President James Monroe hosted Dubois in Richmond until he was able to rent a house there. Dubois later opened a school to teach French, the classics and arithmetic.[5] Virginia Governor Patrick Henry helped Dubois learn English. For two years, Dubois mainly celebrated Mass in rented rooms or at the homes of Richmond's few Catholic families.[6]

According to tradition, Alexandria had a log chapel with an unknown resident Catholic priest by 1776. John Thayer from Boston was stationed at the chapel in 1794. Francis Neale erected a brick church in Alexandria in 1796 and constructed a larger one there in 1811. Anthony Kohlmann and future Bishop Benedict Fenwick frequently officiated in Alexandria.

The first Catholic church in Norfolk was St. Patrick's in 1791. Its parishioners were refugees who had fled France after the French Revolution in 1789. It is the oldest parish in the diocese.[7] Around 1796, James Bushe started building new church in Norfolk. He was succeeded there by the future Archbishop Leonard Neale.

1820 to 1850

Pope Pius VII erected the Diocese of Richmond on July 11, 1820. He removed all of Virginia (except for the two counties of the Eastern Shore region) and present day West Virginia from the Archdiocese of Baltimore. Pius VII [4] appointed Patrick Kelly as its first bishop. After arriving in New York in 1820, Kelly traveled to Baltimore to meet Bishop Ambrose Maréchal. Kelly wrote about to his brother about Maréchal:

He did not receive me over kindly, and tried to persuade me it would be dangerous to take possession of my See; but his arguments did not satisfy me, and I arrived Norfolk on 19th January.

In January 1821, Kelly took up residence in Norfolk which had a larger Catholic population than the episcopal see in Richmond. While bishop, Kelly opened the first Catholic school in the diocese and engaged in missionary efforts. Kelly was soon involved in disputes with Maréchal over their jurisdictions. To end the fighting, Pius VII appointed Kelly as bishop of the Diocese of Waterford and Lismore in Ireland in early 1822. There would be no new bishop in Richmond for the next 18 years.

Pope Gregory XVI named Richard Whelan as the new bishop of the Diocese of Richmond in 1840. Since Kelly's departure in 1822, the Diocese of Richmond had been vacant. During that period, Richmond had become a stronghold of the Know-Nothing political party, known for its anti-Catholic bigotry and violence. As the diocese only had six priests, Whelan appealed to the Societies for the Propagation of the Faith in Paris, Lyon, France, and Vienna in the Austrian Empire to recruit priests.[8] He also established a seminary college outside Richmond, where he resided and taught classes whenever he was in town. Whelan also established several parishes, missions and schools.[8]

In 1848, Whelan petitioned Pope Pius IX to divide the Diocese of Richmond into two dioceses, with the Allegheny Mountains serving as the boundary. In 1850, Pope Pius IX erected the Diocese of Wheeling. He removed from the Diocese of Richmond all of Virginia west of the Allegheny Mountains and the state of Pennsylvania. Pius IX named Whelan bishop of the new diocese and replaced him in Richmond with John McGill of the Diocese of Bardstown.

1850 to 1870

When McGill arrived in Richmond in 1850, the diocese had 7,000 Catholics, eight priests, and 10 churches.[9] He convened the first diocesan synod in 1855. During his tenure, Virginia was devastated by yellow fever and cholera epidemics. Pius IX in 1858, transferred the territory of Alexandria to the Diocese of Richmond. The Federal government in 1846 had retroceded the city of Alexandria back to Virginia from the District of Columbia.

During the American Civil War, Catholics in the Confederate States were unable to purchase Catholic books published in the North. To fill the gap, McGill wrote, "The True Church Indicated to the Inquirer" and "Our Faith, the Victory", republished as "The Creed of Catholics".[9] He also visited Union Army prisoners of war in the Libby Prison in Richmond, doing what he could to aid them. In 1867, McGill brought the Sisters of Charity from Emmitburgh, Maryland, to set up a school in the diocese.[9] McGill died in 1872 and Pius IX named James Gibbons, then vicar apostolic of North Carolina, as the new bishop of Richmond. Gibbons stayed in Richmond for five years, at which point Pius IX appointed him coadjutor archbishop of Baltimore.

The start of the Civil War led to the formation of the state of West Virginia. It consisted of the western counties of Virginia, which had seceded from Virginia rather than be part of the breakaway Confederate States of America. However, the new state boundary between Virginia and West Virginia did not coincide with the boundary between the Dioceses of Wheeling and Richmond. This disparity endured for over a century. Pope Pius IX erected the new Diocese of Wilmington in 1868. As part of that new diocese, the pope removed two Eastern Shore counties from the Diocese of Richmond.[10]

1870 to 1910

After McGill died in 1872, Pope Leo XIII appointed John J. Keane of the Archdiocese of Baltimore as the new bishop of Richmond. As bishop, Keane established the Confraternity of the Holy Ghost, a Catholic fellowship, in the diocese. He published A Sodality Manual for the Use of the Servants of the Holy Ghost in 1880. Despite opposition, Keane founded schools and churches for Catholic African-Americans in the diocese. He addressed Protestant groups to educate them about the Catholic Church. Keene was appointed rector of the Catholic University of America in Washington D.C. in 1886. He resigned his post as bishop two years later to serve full time as rector.

In 1889, Leo XIII appointed Augustine Van de Vyver as bishop of the Diocese of Richmond. In 1901, philanthropist Thomas Ryan and his wife donated almost $500,000 to buy the land and construct a new Sacred Heart Cathedral in Richmond. It was consecrated in 1906. While bishop, Van de Vyver open new religious congregations, schools and other Catholic institutions.[11] With assistance from a donor, Van de Vyver opened an industrial college for African-American boys in Rock Castle, Virginia. Katherine Drexel, mother superior of the Sisters of the Blessed Sacrament. opened a school for African-American girls.[12]

In August 1902, Joseph Anciaux a Belgian Josephite priest in Virginia wrote a letter to the Congregation of the Propaganda in Rome, condemning acceptance by the U.S. Catholic hierarchy of racial segregation in the United States. He called it a radical and non-Catholic policy, and accused Van de Vyver personally of timidity in the face of "negro haters". In October 1902, Van de Vyver forced Anciaux to leave the diocese.[13]

1910 to 2000

Catholic "church on wheels" in Richmond, 1955

After Van de Vyver died in 1911, Pope Pius X named Auxiliary Bishop Denis J. O'Connell of the Archdiocese of San Francisco as the new bishop of Richmond. The first parish in Virginia Beach, the Star of the Sea, was established in 1915.

O'Connell resigned due to bad health in 1926 and Pope Pius XI named Auxiliary Bishop Andrew Brennan of the Diocese of Scranton to replace him. In 1929, at Brennan's suggestion, the Holy Name Society of Richmond establish the Catholic Laymen's League of Virginia. It was created to counteract the flow of anti-Catholic bigotry and misinformation in the media and from some Protestant ministers.[14]

In 1935, Pius XI named Peter Ireton of the Archdiocese of Baltimore to assist Brennan as coadjutor bishop of the Diocese of Richmond, a job Ireton would hold for ten years. When Brennan resigned in 1945, Ireton automatically succeeded him as bishop of Richmond. During his tenure as bishop, Ireton established 42 parishes, built 24 schools, and increased the Catholic population from 37,000 to 147,000.[15]

Ireton died in 1958 and Pius XI appointed Bishop John Russell from the Diocese of Charleston as his replacement. In implementing the Second Vatican Council reforms, Russell established a diocesan Commission on Ecumenical Affairs in 1963, and a diocesan Pastoral Council and a Council of Priests in 1966.[16] A champion of civil rights, he had the parents of prospective students for Richmond's Catholic schools be interviewed for signs of racism.[17]

In 1970, Pope Paul VI named Walter Sullivan as auxiliary bishop in Richmond. When Russell resigned in 1973, the pope appointed Sullivan as the new bishop. In 1974, Paul VI established the current boundaries of the Diocese of Richmond by:

  • Transferring the two Eastern Shore counties, ceded to the Diocese of Wilmington in 1868, back to the Diocese of Richmond
  • Erecting the new Diocese of Arlington, taking Northern Virginia from the Diocese of Richmond
  • Realigning the boundary between the Dioceses of Richmond and Wheeling to match the Virginia-West Virginia state line[18]

In 1977, Sullivan established a joint Catholic and Episcopalian parish, Holy Apostles in Virginia Beach The church had separate altars for the two denominations. That same year, he established the diocesan Commission on Sexual Minorities to reach out to LGBTQ+ Catholics.[19]

The diocese was sued for defamation in July 2003 for $14 million by Carole Kahwajy. A principal of St. Benedict School in Richmond, she had been fired by the diocese in January 2002. Kahwajy said that diocesan officials had spread a story that she had covered up sexual abuse of boys at the school by Reverend John Hesch. She also claimed that diocese said she was sexually abusing boys at the school and had a sexual relationship with another priest.[20]

St. Benedict School

In 2003, after 33 years as bishop, Sullivan retired. Pope John Paul II named Bishop Francis X. DiLorenzo of the Diocese of Honolulu as his replacement in 2004. Upon his installation, DiLorenzo reactivated the diocese's liturgical commission to assert control over any statements or documents produced by clergy within the diocese. DiLorenzo forcibly retired Thomas J. Quinlan, pastor of Holy Family Catholic Church in Virginia Beach for a history of using offensive language during Mass. It culminated with what DiLorenzo termed a sacrilegious reference to Mary, mother of Jesus, at a Christmas Eve Mass.[21]

DiLorenzo moved his residence from Cathedral Place in Richmond to Midlothian. Some Catholics raised questions about the move and see it as a way to distance himself from his flock. But DiLorenzo responded that he is only 25 minutes away from the diocesan offices and that the move saved the diocese money: "Do I need to live in a three-story building by myself? I don't think so." The three-story house was turned into offices for those working in a building that the diocese was renting for $35,000 a year. "We saved ourselves thirty-some thousand a year," said DiLorenzo, "and I moved to Midlothian, a very quiet place."

In 2013, the diocese reported an increase in the number of seminarians preparing for the priesthood. According to Michael Boehling, the typical candidate was in his early to mid-20s, and was a college graduate with a degree in history, science or mathematics. "They are articulate and bright, well-rounded individuals who are mature for their age,"[22]

A judge in 2016 dismissed a lawsuit filed by a former diocesan employee. The diocese had hired John Murphy to serve as executive director of Saint Francis Home in Richmond. He was fired a week later after the diocese learned he was in a same-sex marriage. Murphy asked for a dismissal after reaching a settlement with the diocese.[23]

DiLorenzo ended the diocesan sexual minorities commission, which his predecessor had established in 1977.[24][25] DiLorenzo increased the number of clustered parishes. He also brought in consultants to review some diocesan departments and commissions that need to be abolished.[26] DiLorenzo retired in 2017. His replacement as bishop was Auxiliary Bishop Barry C. Knestout from the Archdiocese of Washington, appointed by Pope Francis in 2017

In January 2019, Knestout gave permission to the Episcopal Diocese of Southern Virginia to use Saint Bede Catholic Church in Williamsburg for the ordination of Susan B. Haynes as its new bishop. The Episcopal diocese does not have a cathedral and usually rotates where it hosts ordinations and other events.[27] The announcement was met with opposition by Catholics who objected to holding a non-Catholic worship service and the episcopal ordination of a woman in a Catholic church. Over 3,000 people signed an online petition condemning the choice of venue. Two days later, the Diocese of Southern Virginia announced it would celebrate Haynes' ordination elsewhere.[28]

Sexual abuse

In March 1994, after the suicide death of a 21 year old man, his parents sent a request to the diocese that Reverend John Hesch not participate in the funeral Mass. That request prompted an investigation by the diocese, which revealed allegation by the deceased man that Hesch had sexually molested him during the 1980s when he was a student at St. Benedict School. When Hesch returned from a trip to Europe in June 1994, Sullivan confronted him with the accusations. Later that day, Hesch committed suicide.

In July 1994, a former teacher at St. Benedict, Jacqueline M. Mishkel, said she and another teacher had reported Hesch to the diocese in 1985. Mishkel said that boys told her that during Hesch's sex education, he had the boys feel his exposed penis. She said the diocese told her Hesch would be sent away for counseling, but nothing happened.[29]

In April and August 1996, according to the 2023 Attorney General’s Report on Child Sexual Abuse in the Archdiocese of Baltimore, two men reported to the Diocese of Richmond that they had been sexually molested as young teenagers by Reverend John Bostwick III between 1980 and 1982. During trips with the boys, Bostwick fondled one boy's genitals and tried the same with the second boy. Bishop Sullivan in November 1996 suspended Bostwick, then serving in Louisiana, and ordered him to attend a treatment facility, which Bostwick refused.[30] Bostwick was never returned to ministry.

In February 2019, Knestout released a list of 42 priests with "credible and substantiated" accusations of sexual abuse against them. The list covered allegations from the 1950s to 1993.[31][32] The liste included Bishop Carroll Dozier of the Diocese of Memphis, who was accused of committing acts of sex abuse while serving in the Diocese of Richmond.[33]

In 2019, Knestout instructed Mark White to shut down his blog, under pain of removal from the priesthood. White had criticized the church hierarchy's handling of the child sexual abuse crisis. His targets included former Cardinal Theodore McCarrick, for whom Knestout had served as priest secretary, and Cardinal Donald Wuerl, with whom Knestout had worked as auxiliary bishop.[34] In May 2020, Knestout removed White from his parish and trespassed him from the parish residence.[35] Knestout ordered White to take up residence at a retreat center and undertake a ministry to prisoners. In June 2020, the Vatican denied White's appeal of Knestout's decree on technical grounds.[36] In 2021, White said that Knestout was petitioning the Vatican to laicize him.[37]

In October 2020, Richmond newspapers revealed that the diocese had paid $6.3 million to settle 51 out of 68 claims of sexual abuse.[38][39] In July 2021, the diocese added four more names to its list of clergy with credible accusations of sexual abuse.[40]

Bishops

Bishops of Richmond

  1. Patrick Kelly (1820–1822), appointed Bishop of Waterford and Lismore
  2. Richard Vincent Whelan (1841–1850), appointed Bishop of Wheeling
  3. John McGill (1850–1872)
  4. James Gibbons (1872–1877), appointed Archbishop of Baltimore (elevated to Cardinal in 1886)
  5. John Joseph Keane (1878–1888), appointed Rector of The Catholic University of America and Archbishop of Dubuque
  6. Augustine Van de Vyver (1889–1911)
  7. Denis Joseph O'Connell (1912–1926)
  8. Andrew James Louis Brennan (1926–1945)
  9. Peter Leo Ireton (1945–1958)
  10. John Joyce Russell (1958–1973)
  11. Walter Francis Sullivan (1974–2003)
  12. Francis Xavier DiLorenzo (2004–2017)
  13. Barry Christopher Knestout (2018–present)

Auxiliary Bishops of Richmond

Other diocesan priests who became bishops

Notable people

Servant of God Francis J. Parater (1897–1920), seminarian and candidate for canonization

Knights of Columbus

The Knights of Columbus has several councils in the Diocese of Richmond. One of its best known services is the KOVAR drive, which raises money for Virginians with intellectual disabilities.[41]

Education

As of 2022, the Diocese of Richmond had nine high schools with an enrollment exceeding 1800 students and 24 elementary schools with an enrollment exceeding 6500.[3]

Higher Education

Bon Secours Memorial College of Nursing – Henrico.

High schools

Closed schools

Holy Cross Regional Catholic School – Lynchburg

Lower Schools

The Diocese of Richmond oversees other Catholic education options across Virginia that are administered by different parishes, religious orders and private lay groups.[42]

See also

References

  1. ↑ "Bishop Barry Knestout tapped to lead the diocese of Richmond". Retrieved December 5, 2017.
  2. ↑ "Bishop-designate Barry C. Knestout". Retrieved December 5, 2017.
  3. 1 2 "Statistics". richmonddiocese.org. Retrieved July 2, 2023.
  4. 1 2 3 Magri, Francis Joseph. "Diocese of Richmond", The Catholic Encyclopedia Vol. 13. New York: Robert Appleton Company, 1912. June 27, 2019Public Domain This article incorporates text from this source, which is in the public domain.
  5. ↑ Fogarty, Gerald, Commonwealth Catholicism: a history of the Catholic Church in Virginia (University of Notre Dame Press, 2001) pp. 25-36
  6. ↑ "CATHOLIC ENCYCLOPEDIA: John Dubois". www.newadvent.org.
  7. ↑ "Our History". Basilica of St. Mary of the Immaculate Conception. Retrieved April 12, 2023.
  8. 1 2 Clarke, Richard Henry. "Lives of the Deceased Bishops of the Catholic Church in the United States".
  9. 1 2 3 Clarke, Richard Henry (1888). Lives of the Deceased Bishops of the Catholic Church in the United States. Vol. III.
  10. ↑ "Wilmington (Diocese) [Catholic-Hierarchy]". www.catholic-hierarchy.org.
  11. ↑ York, Catholic editing company, New (1914). The Catholic Church in the United States of America: Undertaken to Celebrate the Golden Jubilee of His Holiness, Pope Pius X. V. 1-3 ... Catholic editing Company.{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)
  12. ↑ History of Virginia. American historical Society. 1924.
  13. ↑ Ochs, Stephen J. (July 1, 1993). Desegregating the Altar: The Josephites and the Struggle for Black Priests, 1871–1960. LSU Press. ISBN 978-0-8071-1859-7.
  14. ↑ Catholic Action ...: A National Monthly. 1930.
  15. ↑ "A Brief History". Catholic Diocese of Richmond. Archived from the original on January 5, 2009.
  16. ↑ The Catholic Diocese of Richmond. History of the Diocese of Richmond Archived 2009-01-05 at the Wayback Machine
  17. ↑ Bumpy Road in Richmond, TIME Magazine, February 28, 1972.
  18. ↑ "Richmond (Diocese) [Catholic-Hierarchy]". www.catholic-hierarchy.org.
  19. ↑ "Bishop Walter Francis Sullivan [Catholic-Hierarchy]". www.catholic-hierarchy.org. Retrieved May 18, 2022.
  20. ↑ "Former School Principal Suing Catholic Diocese for Defamation". www.bishop-accountability.org. Retrieved July 2, 2023.
  21. ↑ "Letters". The Catholic Virginian. 80 (16). 2005.
  22. ↑ Sheler, Jeff (October 20, 2013). "Catholic Diocese of Richmond rebounds from past". pilotonline.com.
  23. ↑ "Judge throws out lawsuit by gay ex-employee of Catholic home - CBS News". www.cbsnews.com. September 28, 2016. Retrieved July 2, 2023.
  24. ↑ Schleck, Dave (March 1, 1996). "Making A Home For Homosexuals". Daily Press. Archived from the original on January 4, 2017. Retrieved January 4, 2017.
  25. ↑ Hafner, Katherine (August 18, 2017). "Bishop DiLorenzo, known for return to conservative values, dies at 75". pilotonline.com. Retrieved April 16, 2022.
  26. ↑ "Richmond Times-Dispatch: Richmond News, Sports, Politics, Classifieds…". Archived from the original on February 5, 2013.
  27. ↑ Rousselle, Christine (January 15, 2020). "'An act of charity': Virginia bishop defends parish hosting Episcopalian consecration". Catholic News Agency. Retrieved January 17, 2020.
  28. ↑ "Catholic parish will not host Episcopalian consecration". Catholic World Report. January 17, 2020. Retrieved January 17, 2020.
  29. ↑ Baker, Peter (July 14, 1994). "RICHMOND DIOCESE ROCKED BY SCANDAL". Washington Post. ISSN 0190-8286. Retrieved July 2, 2023.
  30. ↑ "Father John Bostwick (Diocese of Richmond, VA)" (PDF). Attorney General’s Report on Child Sexual Abuse in the Archdiocese of Baltimore. Retrieved July 2, 2023.
  31. ↑ "Virginia's two dioceses release lists of clergy credibly accused of abuse". Catholic News Herald. Catholic Diocese of Charlotte. February 15, 2019. Retrieved February 16, 2019.
  32. ↑ Poulter, Amy (February 14, 2019). "Richmond Catholic diocese publishes list of 42 priests with 'credible' abuse allegations". dailypress.com.
  33. ↑ "Former Memphis bishop accused of sexual abuse". www.kait8.com. February 19, 2019.
  34. ↑ Wyatt, Bill (February 7, 2020). "UPDATED: Diocese of Richmond allows Father Mark White to keep his collar but not his voice". Martinsville Bulletin.
  35. ↑ Boorstein, Michelle (May 10, 2020). "Catholic bishop suspends priest and issues trespass order over blog about clergy sex abuse". The Washington Post.
  36. ↑ Wyatt, Bill (June 27, 2020). "WATCH NOW: Vatican hands down its word in case of Father Mark White". Martinsville Bulletin. Retrieved July 4, 2020.
  37. ↑ "Catholic priest who has spoken out about clergy abuse faces removal as Richmond Bishop with petition to the Vatican". WRIC ABC 8News. July 13, 2021. Retrieved February 24, 2023.
  38. ↑ "Catholic Diocese of Richmond paying $6.3 million to 51 victims sexually abused by clergy". The Richmond Times-Dispatch. October 17, 2020. Retrieved October 17, 2020.
  39. ↑ WWBT (October 15, 2020). "Catholic Diocese of Richmond pays $6.3M to sex abuse survivors". WHSV. Retrieved October 15, 2020.
  40. ↑ "Richmond Diocese adds 4 more priests to list accused of sexually abusing children". CBS 6 News Richmond WTVR. July 16, 2021. Retrieved February 24, 2023.
  41. ↑ "KOVAR". Virginia Knights of Columbus. Retrieved February 29, 2016.
  42. ↑ "School Locator – Office of Catholic Schools". Retrieved April 4, 2023.

 This article incorporates text from a publication now in the public domain: Herbermann, Charles, ed. (1913). "Diocese of Richmond". Catholic Encyclopedia. New York: Robert Appleton Company.

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