The Kingdom of Yugoslavia existed between its creation in 1918 until its occupation and partition by Axis powers in World War II. The first census in 1921 enumerated 11,984,911, while the second and last census in 1931 enumerated 13,934,038 people. While both censuses grouped ethnic groups according to their mother tongue, the latter did not record separate constituent nationalities and reported all "Serbo-Croato-Slovene" speakers as "Yugoslavs".
Ethnic groups
Ethnic groups in Yugoslavia according to the 1921 census
Serbs and Croats
Serbs and Croats
Slovenes
Albanians
Hungarians
Romanians
Ethnic groups in Yugoslavia according to the 1931 census
Serbs
Croats
Slovenes
Unexplained, Religion Islam
Germans
Romanians
Turks
Bulgarians
Hungarians
| Ethnic group | Number | Percent |
|---|---|---|
| Serbs (including Montenegrins and some Macedonian Slavs) | 4,665,851 | 38.8% |
| Croats | 2,856,551 | 23.8% |
| Slovenes | 1,024,761 | 8.5% |
| South Slavic Muslims | 727,650 | 6.1% |
| Bulgarians[1] (including some Macedonian Slavs[2]) | 585,558 | 4.9% |
| Other Slavs | 174,466 | 1.5% |
| Germans | 513,472 | 4.3% |
| Hungarians | 472,409 | 3.9% |
| Albanians | 441,740 | 3.7% |
| Romanians and Cincari[3] (Aromanians and Megleno-Romanians) | 229,398 | 1.9% |
| Turks | 168,404 | 1.4% |
| Jews | 64,159 | 0.5% |
| Italians | 12,825 | 0.1% |
| Others | 80,079 | 0.7% |
| Total | 12,017,323 | 100% |
| 1 Source: Banac, Ivo (1992). The National Question in Yugoslavia. Origins, History, Politics (2nd printing ed.). Ithaca, NY: Cornell University Press. p. 58. ISBN 9780801494932. (The table represents a reconstruction of Yugoslavia's ethnic structure immediately after the establishment of the kingdom in 1918.) | ||
Vital statistics (1919–1940)
| Average population[4] | Live births[4] | Deaths[4] | Natural change[4] | Crude birth rate (per 1,000)[4] | Crude death rate (per 1,000)[4] | Natural change (per 1,000)[4] | Total fertility rate[4] | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1919 | 11,706,957 | 347,748 | 258,638 | 89,110 | 29.7 | 22.1 | 7.6 | 4.83 |
| 1920 | 11,881,764 | 422,267 | 250,090 | 172,177 | 35.5 | 21.0 | 14.5 | 4.79 |
| 1921 | 12,059,178 | 442,530 | 252,104 | 190,426 | 36.7 | 20.9 | 15.8 | 4.75 |
| 1922 | 12,239,245 | 420,910 | 254,478 | 166,432 | 34.4 | 20.8 | 13.6 | 4.70 |
| 1923 | 12,421,997 | 432,779 | 252,543 | 180,236 | 34.8 | 20.3 | 14.5 | 4.66 |
| 1924 | 12,607,480 | 442,835 | 254,527 | 188,308 | 35.1 | 20.2 | 14.9 | 4.62 |
| 1925 | 12,795,732 | 437,070 | 239,429 | 197,641 | 34.2 | 18.7 | 15.4 | 4.57 |
| 1926 | 12,986,796 | 459,035 | 244,761 | 214,274 | 35.3 | 18.8 | 16.5 | 4.53 |
| 1927 | 13,180,709 | 451,617 | 276,294 | 175,323 | 34.3 | 21.0 | 13.3 | 4.49 |
| 1928 | 13,377,523 | 437,523 | 272,606 | 164,917 | 32.7 | 20.4 | 12.3 | 4.44 |
| 1929[5] | 13,577,272 | 452,544 | 286,249 | 166,295 | 33.3 | 21.1 | 12.2 | 4.40 |
| 1930 | 13,780,006 | 489,270 | 261,497 | 227,773 | 35.5 | 19.0 | 16.5 | 4.36 |
| 1931 | 13,982,000 | 470,275 | 276,840 | 193,435 | 33.6 | 19.8 | 13.8 | 4.31 |
| 1932 | 14,174,000 | 465,935 | 272,180 | 193,755 | 32.9 | 19.2 | 13.7 | 4.27 |
| 1933 | 14,369,000 | 452,229 | 243,717 | 208,512 | 31.5 | 17.0 | 14.5 | 4.22 |
| 1934 | 14,566,000 | 460,913 | 248,882 | 212,031 | 31.6 | 17.1 | 14.6 | 4.18 |
| 1935 | 14,767,000 | 441,728 | 248,978 | 192,750 | 29.9 | 16.9 | 13.1 | 4.14 |
| 1936 | 14,970,000 | 435,861 | 240,879 | 194,982 | 29.1 | 16.1 | 13.0 | 4.09 |
| 1937[6] | 15,172,000 | 424,448 | 242,337 | 182,111 | 28.0 | 16.0 | 12.0 | 4.05 |
| 1938[7] | 15,384,000 | 411,381 | 240,303 | 171,078 | 26.7 | 15.6 | 11.1 | 4.01 |
| 1939[8] | 15,596,000 | 403,938 | 233,196 | 170,742 | 25.9 | 15.0 | 10.9 | 3.96 |
| 1940 | 15,811,000 |
Marriages and divorces (1919–1940)
| Average population | Marriages | Divorces | Crude marriage rate (per 1000) | Crude divorce rate (per 1000) | Divorces per 1000 marriages | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1919 | 11,706,957 | 225,605 | 19.3 | |||
| 1920 | 11,881,764 | 185,954 | 5,687 | 15.7 | 0.5 | 30.6 |
| 1921 | 12,059,178 | 157,055 | 6,720 | 13.0 | 0.6 | 42.8 |
| 1922 | 12,239,245 | 131,776 | 6,548 | 10.8 | 0.5 | 49.7 |
| 1923 | 12,421,997 | 129,796 | 6,492 | 10.4 | 0.5 | 50.0 |
| 1924 | 12,607,480 | 114,896 | 5,508 | 9.1 | 0.4 | 47.9 |
| 1925 | 12,795,732 | 123,005 | 5,481 | 9.6 | 0.4 | 44.6 |
| 1926 | 12,986,796 | 124,249 | 4,940 | 9.6 | 0.4 | 39.8 |
| 1927 | 13,180,709 | 124,104 | 5,254 | 9.4 | 0.4 | 42.3 |
| 1928 | 13,377,523 | 121,334 | 5,580 | 9.1 | 0.4 | 46.0 |
| 1929 | 13,577,272 | 128,120 | 6,070 | 9.4 | 0.4 | 47.4 |
| 1930 | 13,780,006 | 138,322 | 5,826 | 10.0 | 0.4 | 42.1 |
| 1931 | 13,982,000 | 126,072 | 6,393 | 9.0 | 0.5 | 50.7 |
| 1932 | 14,174,000 | 111,059 | 5,231 | 7.8 | 0.4 | 47.1 |
| 1933 | 14,369,000 | 111,503 | 5,500 | 7.8 | 0.4 | 49.3 |
| 1934 | 14,566,000 | 99,704 | 5,520 | 6.8 | 0.4 | 55.4 |
| 1935 | 14,767,000 | 110,129 | 5,561 | 7.5 | 0.4 | 50.5 |
| 1936 | 14,970,000 | 109,528 | 5,022 | 7.3 | 0.3 | 45.9 |
| 1937 | 15,172,000 | 117,717 | 6,547 | 7.8 | 0.4 | 55.6 |
| 1938 | 15,384,000 | 121,605 | 6,466 | 7.9 | 0.4 | 53.2 |
| 1939 | 15,596,000 | 123,817 | 7,103 | 7.9 | 0.5 | 57.4 |
| 1940 | 15,811,000 |
Languages
The following data, grouped by first language, is from the 1921 population census:
- Serbo-Croatian: 8,911,509 (74.4%)
- Serbs, Macedonian Slavs and Montenegrins: 44.6%
- Croats: 23.5%
- Muslims of Yugoslavia: 6.3%
- Slovene: 1,019,997 (8.5%)
- German: 505,790 (4.2%)
- Hungarian: 467,658 (3.9%)
- Albanian: 439,657 (3.7%)
- Romanian: 231,068 (1.9%)
- Turkish: 150,322 (1.3%)
- Czech and Slovak: 115,532 (1.0%)
- Ruthenian: 25,615 (0.2%)
- Russian: 20,568 (0.2%)
- Polish: 14,764 (0.1%)
- Italian: 12,553 (0.1%)
- Others: 69,878 (0.6%)[9][10]
Based on language, the Yugoslavs (collectively Serbs, Croats, Slovenes and other South-Slavic groups in the kingdom) constituted 82.9% of the country's population.
Religious groups
- Christian: 10,571,569 (88.2%)
- Eastern Orthodox: 5,593,057 (46.7%)
- Roman Catholic: 4,708,657 (39.3%)
- Protestant: 229,517 (1.9%)
- Greek Catholic: 40,338 (0.3%)
- Sunni Muslim: 1,345,271 (11.2%)
- Jewish: 64,746 (0.5%)
- others: 1,944 (nil%)
- atheists: 1,381 (nil%)[9]
Class and occupation
- Agriculture, forestry and fishing – 78.9%
- Industry and handicrafts – 9.9%
- Banking, trade and traffic – 4.4%
- Public service, free profession and military – 3.8%
- Other professions – 3.1%[11]
References
- 1 2 Banac, Ivo. The National Question in Yugoslavia: Origins, History, Politics. Archived 2 August 2020 at the Wayback Machine Cornell University Press, 1988. pp. 49–53, 58. ISBN 978-0801494932
- ↑ Per Banac himself, the Macedonians were "Bulgarians in the common struggle against Serbian and Greek hegemonism, but within the Bulgarian national project, they were increasingly becoming separate regional community." The National Question in Yugoslavia: Origins, History, Politics. Cornell University Press, 1988. p. 327. ISBN 978-0801494932
- ↑ RÉSULTATS DÉFINITIFS DU RECENSEMENT DE LA POPULATION DU 31 JANVIER 1921 (in Serbo-Croatian and French). Sarajevo: Opšta državna statistika. 1932. p. 3.
- 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 "2-1. Kretanje stanovništva 1921–1990 - Jugoslavija". Demografska statistika 1990 (PDF). Belgrade: Savezni zavod za statistiku. 1992. ISSN 0084-4357. Retrieved 27 January 2023.
- ↑ "Statistical Yearbook of the Kingdom of Yugoslavia,1929" (PDF). Archived (PDF) from the original on 2 August 2020. Retrieved 8 May 2020.
- ↑ "Statistical Yearbook of the Kingdom of Yugoslavia,1937" (PDF). Archived (PDF) from the original on 2 August 2020. Retrieved 8 May 2020.
- ↑ "Statistical Yearbook of the Kingdom of Yugoslavia,1938-1939" (PDF). Archived (PDF) from the original on 2 August 2020. Retrieved 8 May 2020.
- ↑ "Statistical Yearbook of the Kingdom of Yugoslavia,1940" (PDF). Archived (PDF) from the original on 2 August 2020. Retrieved 8 May 2020.
- 1 2 Group of Authors (1997). Istorijski atlas (1st ed.). Zavod za udžbenike i nastavna sredstva & Geokarta, Belgrade. p. 91. ISBN 8617055944.
- ↑ ""Краљевина Југославија дефинитивни резултати пописа становништва од 21 јануара 1921 год.", Сарајево, Државна Штампарија, 1932". p. 3. Archived from the original on 3 November 2013. Retrieved 1 November 2013.
- ↑ Group of Authors (1997). Istorijski atlas (1st ed.). Zavod za udžbenike i nastavna sredstva & Geokarta, Belgrade. p. 86. ISBN 8617055944.
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