David LaChapelle
LaChapelle in 2011
Born (1963-03-11) March 11, 1963
Hartford, Connecticut, U.S.
Occupations
  • Photographer
  • music video director
  • film director
  • artist
Websitelachapellestudio.com

David LaChapelle (born March 11, 1963[1]) is an American photographer, music video director and film director. He is best known for his work in fashion, photography, which often references art history and sometimes conveys social messages. His photographic style has been described as "hyper-real and slyly subversive" and as "kitsch pop surrealism".[1][2] Once called the Fellini of photography, LaChapelle has worked for international publications and has had his work exhibited in commercial galleries and institutions around the world.[3][4][5][6]

Early life

David LaChapelle was born in Hartford, Connecticut to Philip and Helga LaChapelle; he has a sister Sonja and a brother Philip.[7] His mother was a refugee from Lithuania who arrived at Ellis Island in the early 1960s.[6] His family lived in Hartford until he was 9 years old. He has said to have loved the public schools in Connecticut and thrived in their art program as a child and teenager, although he struggled with bullying growing up.[8]

He and his family moved to Raleigh, North Carolina, where they lived until he was 14 years old, before returning north to Fairfield, Connecticut. He was bullied in his North Carolina school for his sexuality.[6] When he was 15 years old, he ran away from home to become a busboy at Studio 54 in New York City.[1][9]

Eventually he returned to North Carolina to enroll in the North Carolina School of the Arts.[1]

His first photograph was of his mother Helga on a family vacation in Puerto Rico. LaChapelle credits his mother for influencing his art direction in the way she set up scenes for family photos in his youth.[9]

Beginning to photography

Early fine-art photography

LaChapelle was affiliated in the 1980s with 303 Gallery which also exhibited artists such as Doug Aitken. After people from Interview magazine saw his work exhibited, LaChapelle was offered work with the magazine.[10] When LaChapelle was 17 years old, he met Andy Warhol, who hired him as a photographer for Interview while he was still in high school.[6][11] Warhol reportedly told LaChapelle "Do whatever you want. Just make sure everybody looks good."[12] LaChapelle's images subsequently appeared on the covers and pages of magazines such as Details, GQ, i-D, The New York Times Magazine, Rolling Stone, The Face, Vanity Fair, Vogue Italia, and Vogue Paris.[4][9][13][14][15][16]

LaChapelle's work has been called "meticulously created in a high-gloss, color-popping, hyper-realistic style", and his photos are known to, "crackle with subversive – or at least hilarious – ideas, rude energy and laughter. They are full of juicy life."[17] In 1995 David LaChapelle shot the famous 'kissing sailors' advertisement for Diesel. It was staged at the peace celebration of World War II and became one of the first public advertisements showing a gay or lesbian couple kissing.[18] Much of its controversy was due it being published at the height of the don't ask, don't tell debates in United States, which had led to the U.S. government to ban openly gay, lesbian, or bisexual persons from military service. In a long article published by frieze in 1996, the advertisement was credited for its "overarching tone of heavy-handed humor and sarcasm".[18] In September 2011 when the don't ask, don't tell law was finally removed by President Barack Obama, Renzo Rosso, the founder and president of Diesel, who originally had approved and pushed for the advertisement, said "16 years ago people wouldn't stop complaining about this ad. Now it's finally accepted legally."[19]

Awards

1995: "Best New Photographer of the Year" by French Photo and American Photo magazines[20] 1996: “Photographer of the Year Award” at the VH-1 Fashion Awards “Applied Photography of the Year Award” from The International Center of Photography [20] 1997: Best book Design 1998: Best “Cutting Edge Essay” and “Style Photography” at Life magazine’s Alfred Eisenstadt Awards for Magazine Photography[20] 1999: Honored in the “Cover of the Year” 2000: Won "Best Video" for Moby's "Nature Blues" at the MTV Europe Music Award[20]

Fine-art photography

Themes in LaChapelle's art photography, which he has developed in his Maui home, include salvation, redemption, paradise, and consumerism.[6][21][22][23] It is clear that LaChapelle's moving in this, "new direction highlights his interest and understanding of both contemporary practice and art history".[24]

LaChapelle's images "both bizarre and gorgeous have forged a singular style that is unique, original, and perfectly unmistakeable.[25]" His photographs have been collected in a number of books. LaChapelle Land (1996) was selected as one of 101 "Seminal Photographic Books of the Twentieth Century" and is "highly valued by collectors".[9][26][27] His second book, Hotel LaChapelle (1999), was described as a "garish, sexy, enchanting trip".[28] Heaven to Hell (2006) featured "almost twice as many images as its predecessors", and "is an explosive compilation of new work by the visionary photographer."[29] LaChapelle, Artists and Prostitutes (2006), a limited-edition, signed, numbered book contains 688 pages of photographs taken between 1985 and 2005.[27] Artists and Prostitutes was published by Taschen and includes a photograph of the publisher Benedikt Taschen in a sadomasochism scene.[12]

Exhibitions

In the last decade, LaChapelle has returned to a focus on fine art photography and has exhibited his work in several galleries and museums.[30] LaChapelle has had solo museum exhibitions at the Barbican Museum in London (2002), Kausthaus Wien in Vienna (2002), Palazzo Reale in Milan (2007), Museo del Antiguo Colegio de San Ildefonso in Mexico City (2009), the Musee de La Monnaie in Paris (2009), the Museum of Contemporary Art in Taipei (2010), and the Tel Aviv Museum of Art in Israel (2010).[25][30]

By 2011, LaChapelle had an exhibition at the Lever House in New York[31] and retrospectives at the Museo Arte Contemporáneo de Puerto Rico,[32] the Hanagaram Design Museum in Seoul,[33] and Galerie Rudolfinum in Prague.[34] In the following years, LaChapelle's works were also exhibited at the Los Angeles County Museum of Art in LA (2012),[35] the Musée d'Orsay in Paris (2013),[36] Fotografiska Museet in Sweden (2013)[37] and the National Portrait Gallery in Washington D.C. (2014).[38]

In 2014, LaChapelle exhibited his series, 'Land Scape' in New York, Vienna, London, and Paris.[39] Other shows include OstLicht Galerie fur Fotografie in Vienna, Austria,[40] MAC Lima in Peru,[41] Palazzo delle Esposizioni in Rome,[42] and Museo de Arte Contemporáneo in Chile.[43] In 2016, LaChapelle's work was shown at The Victoria and Albert Museum in London,[44] DSC Gallery in the Czech Republic,[45] at several venues in Montevideo in Uruguay[46] and at the Edward Hopper House in New York. In 2018, LaChapelle exhibited ten of his series in one exhibition, Good News For Modern Man, in the Groninger Museum (The Netherlands).[47]

Artistic influences

LaChapelle cites a number of artists who have influenced his photography. In a 2009 interview, he mentioned the Baroque painters Andrea Pozzo and Caravaggio as two of his favorites.[22] A critic has noted that LaChapelle's work has been influenced by Salvador Dalí, Jeff Koons, Michelangelo, Cindy Sherman, and Andy Warhol.[5] Richard Avedon noted that of all the photographers inventing surreal images, LaChapelle has the potential to be the genre's Magritte.[48] Helmut Newton has also contributed to the discourse on LaChapelle, stating in a New York Times article by Cathy Horyn "He [LaChapelle] isn't very impressed by current photography. 'There's a lot of pornographic pictures taken by the young today ... A lot of the nudity is gratuitous. But someone who makes me laugh is David LaChapelle. I think he is very bright, very funny, and good'".[49] LaChapelle is Catholic and often uses religious symbolism in his work.[50]

Personal life

LaChapelle has bipolar disorder, but as he feels drugs do not work for him, he is careful to monitor his mental health.[51] In the mid-1980s, he lost his boyfriend of the time to AIDS.[51] He relocated to London, where that city's counterculture proved enormously influential in forming his aesthetic. "I thought I'd seen it all. When I went to London, the level of creativity and insanity ... they were on a whole other planet."[51] He was particularly struck by that culture's insistence on originality, rather than copying. For him, Los Angeles had been "the literal opposite".[51] While living in London, he married the female publicist of the UK popstar Marilyn; the marriage lasted a year.[51]

In 2006, LaChapelle abruptly left Los Angeles. He moved to a "very isolated part of Hawaii in this forest. It's off the grid, bio-diesel cars, solar-powered, growing our own food, completely sustainable. I thought 'OK, I'm a farmer now.'" LaChapelle's change in path eventually brought him back to his roots. While in Hawaii, a longstanding colleague invited him to shoot for a gallery, which he had not done since his days as a fledgling photographer in New York. "I was really shocked", LaChapelle recalled. "I'm so known as a commercial artist, a big name as a fashion and celebrity photographer, I didn't think a gallery will take me seriously. It's like being reborn; it's like rebirth; it's like starting over. It's back to where I started, where I very first started in galleries when I was a kid. It's just come full circle."[52]

Publications

  • LaChapelle Land (New York: Simon & Schuster, in association with Callaway, 1996) - ISBN 0684833026
  • David LaChapelle Exhibition (Palazzo delle Esposizioni, 1999)
  • Hotel LaChapelle (Boston: Little, Brown, 1999) - ISBN 0821226363
  • David LaChapelle, Barbican Gallery (Barbican, 2002) ISBN 978-390-12471-1-8
  • David LaChapelle, If You Want Reality, Take the Bus (Artmosphere, 2003)
  • David LaChapelle, second edition (Milan: Photology, 2004) - ISBN 8888359141
  • LaChapelle Land, deluxe edition (New York: Channel Photographics, in association with Callaway, 2005) - ISBN 0976670801
  • LaChapelle, Artists and Prostitutes (Köln: Taschen, 2006) - ISBN 3822816175
  • David LaChapelle (Maurani & Noirhomme, 2006)
  • LaChapelle, Heaven to Hell (Köln: Taschen, 2006) - ISBN 3822825727
  • David LaChapelle (Firenze: Giunti, 2007) - ISBN 9788809057029
  • David LaChapelle: al Forte Belvedere (Firenze: Giunti, 2008) - ISBN 9788809062320
  • David LaChapelle (Hamburg: Stern Gruner + Jahr AG & Co., 2008) - ISBN 9783570197721
  • David LaChapelle: Jesus is My Homeboy (Robilant & Voena, 2008)
  • David LaChapelle: the Rape of Africa (Amsterdam: Reflex, 2009) - ISBN 9789071848070
  • David LaChapelle, Delirios de Razon (212 Production, 2009) ISBN 9786079530006
  • David LaChapelle, Moca Taipei Catalogue (Pascal de Sarthe & Fred Torres Collaborations for Taipei Culture Foundation/Museum of Contemporary Art, Taipei, 2010) ISBN 9789868529472
  • Taschen 30th Anniversary: Golden Book of the Year (Köln: Taschen, 2010) ISBN 9783836522847
  • David LaChapelle: Bliss Amongst Chaos (Fred Torres Collaborations, 2010) ISBN 9780615382043
  • David LaChapelle, Maybach: Going Places (Daimler AG, 2010)
  • Borders and Frontiers (Oakland University Art Gallery, 2011)
  • David LaChapelle, Earth Laughs in Flowers (Distanz Verlag, 2011) ISBN 9783942405294
  • David LaChapelle: Lost and Found (Pavleye Art and Culture, 2011) ISBN 9788090500600
  • Nosotros: La Humanidad Al Borde (Museo de Arte Contemporaneo de Puerto Rico, 2011) ISBN 9781881723066
  • Thus Spoke LaChapelle (Arbor vitae, Revnice, and Pavleye Art & Culture, 2011) ISBN 9788087164860
  • LaChapelle: Exhibition at Robilant & Voena, London (Robilant & Voena, 2012) ISBN 9780956365064
  • David LaChapelle: Earth Laughs in Flowers (Fred Torres Collaboration, 2012)
  • David LaChapelle: In Seoul (Fred Torres Collaborations and de Sarthe Gallery, 2012)
  • Burning Beauty (BankerWessel, Elanders Faith & Hassler, and Fotografiska) ISBN 9789186741020
  • Still Life (Galerie Daniel Templon and Communic'Art, 2013) ISBN 9782917515129
  • Land Scape: At Paul Kasmin Gallery (Damiani, 2013) ISBN 9788862083317
  • David LaChapelle, Land Scape: At Robilant & Voena (Pure Print, 2014) ISBN 9780957428423
  • Once in the Garden at OstLicht: Galerie fur Fotografie, (Brandstatter Verlag, 2014) ISBN 9783850338257
  • David LaChapelle: Fotografia1s, (Tarea Asociacion Gradica Educativa, 2015) ISBN 9786124657320
  • David LaChapelle: Dopo il Dilulvio, (Giunti Arte Mostre Musei, 2015) ISBN 9788809816077
  • Botticelli Reimagined (Harry N. Abrams, 2016) ISBN 9781851778706
  • Lost + Found Part I, Taschen, 2017
  • Good News Part II, Taschen, 2017

*David LaChapelle: From Fashion Photography To Fine Art, Forbes Magazine ( Y-Jean Mun-Delsalle) [53]

Films

Videography

Exhibitions

  • 2009: Delirios de Razón (Delusions of Reason), Museo de Las Artes, Guadalajara, Mexico[97]
  • 2010: Postmodern Pop Photography, Tel Aviv Museum of Art, Tel Aviv, Israel[98]
  • 2010: David LaChapelle at Museum of Contemporary Art Taipei, Taiwan[99]
  • 2011: Thus Spoke LaChapelle, Galerie Rudolfinum, Prague, Czech Republic[100]
  • 2012: Burning Beauty, Fotografiska Museet, Stockholm, Sweden[101]
  • 2015: David LaChapelle: Dopo Il Diluvio, Palazzo Delle Esposizioni, Rome, Italy[102]
  • 2016: David LaChapelle: Gas Stations, Edward Hopper House, Nyack, New York[103]
  • 2016: David LaChapelle: Inscape of Beauty, Ara Modern Art Museum, Seoul, Republic of Korea[104]
  • 2017: David LaChapelle: Lost + Found, Casa dei Tre Oci, Venice, Italy[105]

Awards

  • Doctorate in Fine Arts (Hon.) from UNCSA, 2015[106]
  • Young Photographers Alliance Lifetime Achievement Award[107]
  • Artist of the Year, American Friends of the Tel Aviv Museum of Art, 2012[108]
  • National Geographic Photography Seminar, Featured Speaker, 2012[109]
  • GLAAD Vito Russo Award for Outstanding Contributions Toward Eliminating Homophobia, 2006
  • 13th Annual MVPA Awards- Winner, Director of the Year- Best Rock Video of the Year for No Doubt's "It's My Life", 2004[110][111]
  • Special Juried Prize Mountain Film, Telluride, 2004[112][113]
  • Special Juried Recognition, Sundance Film Festival, 2004[114]
  • Best Documentary, Aspen Film Festival, 2004[115]
  • 12th Annual MVPA Awards, Adult Contemporary Video of the Year, Elton John's "This Train Don't Stop There Anymore", 2003[116]
  • Best Video for Moby's "Natural Blues", the MTV Europe Music Awards, 2000
  • Best "Cutting Edge Essay" and "Style Photography" at Life magazine's Alfred Eisenstaedt Awards for Magazine Photography (the Eisies)[117]
  • Art Directors Club Award for Best Book Design for LaChapelle Land, 1997[118]

Public collections

  • Bayerische Staatsoper Portrait Gallery, Munich, Germany[119]
  • Los Angeles County Museum of Art, Los Angeles, CA[120]
  • National Portrait Gallery, London, UK[121]
  • Tel Aviv Museum of Art, Tel Aviv, Israel[122]

References

  1. 1 2 3 4 Sharkey, Alix (February 4, 2006). "Maximum Exposure". The Observer. Retrieved April 7, 2013.
  2. ↑ Pedro, Laila (July 20, 2010). "Who's Bad? The Kitsch Pop Surrealism of David LaChapelle". Idiom. Tristan Media LLC. Retrieved April 7, 2013.
  3. ↑ Sigesmund, B.J. (November 11, 1996). "Shooting Star: Sexy, campy, and slightly crazed, David LaChapelle is the Fellini of photography. His subjects seem to enjoy the circus". New York. 29 (44): 56–58.
  4. 1 2 Kutner, Janet (June 1, 2005). "Outrageous Fortune - Goss Gallery Opens with a Trove of Celebrity Shooter David LaChapelle's Outré Images". The Dallas Morning News.
  5. 1 2 Sturges, Fiona (April 23, 2010). "Out of Africa: David LaChapelle's Strange Visions of a Continent". The Independent. Retrieved April 7, 2013.
  6. 1 2 3 4 5 Day, Elizabeth (February 18, 2012). "David LaChapelle: 'Fashion, beauty and glamour are the mark of civilisation'". The Observer. Retrieved April 7, 2013.
  7. ↑ "LaChapelle, Philip (obituary)". Hartford Courant. September 23, 2002. Retrieved April 7, 2013.
  8. ↑ von Speidel, Krytian. "David LaChapelle". Bomb. Retrieved July 19, 2011.
  9. 1 2 3 4 DeCaro, Frank (November 4, 1996). "In LaChapelle Land". Newsweek. Vol. 128, no. 19. pp. 60–61. Retrieved April 7, 2013.
  10. ↑ Harris, Mark Eduard. "American Photo on Campus". Retrieved February 5, 2014.
  11. ↑ Wyma, Chloe (December 6, 2012). "25 Questions for Photographer David LaChapelle". Artinfo. Louise Blouin Media. Retrieved April 7, 2013.
  12. 1 2 Nicholson, Geoff (May 2006). "Stargazing". Modern Painters: 78–83.
  13. ↑ Glueck, Grace (June 25, 1999). "Art In Review; David LaChapelle". The New York Times. Retrieved April 7, 2013.
  14. ↑ Jones, Dylan (April 29, 2002). "'Does My Tum Look Fat In This?'; Life & Style: What really happened at the David Beckham fashion shoot (and who applied the baby oil?)". Evening Standard. pp. 25–26.
  15. ↑ Davies, Emily (April 21, 2005). "Dark Star of Glitz Blitz: No one quite handles flash, brash trash with the glamour of David LaChapelle". The Times. Retrieved April 7, 2013.
  16. ↑ Allsop, Laura (December 23, 2010). "Hawaii Retreat Saved My Life, Says LaChapelle". Cnn.com. Retrieved April 7, 2013.
  17. ↑ Conner, Tim. "David LaChapelle Earth Laughs in Flowers". The New York Photo Review.
  18. 1 2 Steele, Valerie (September–October 1996). "Identity Parade". frieze. Archived from the original on January 22, 2008.
  19. ↑ "Renzo Rosso". Facebook.com.
  20. 1 2 3 4 "David LaChapelle Biography". Art.net.com. Retrieved June 8, 2022.
  21. ↑ Allsop, Laura (December 23, 2010). "Hawaii Retreat Saved My Life, Says LaChapelle". Cnn.com. Retrieved April 7, 2013.
  22. 1 2 Dannatt, Adrian (April 2009). "David LaChapelle: 'If I could choose any period to have been an artist, it would definitely be the Baroque'". The Art Newspaper. Retrieved April 7, 2013.
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  25. 1 2 "David LaChapelle Catalogue". Artnet.com. Retrieved September 15, 2016.
  26. ↑ Roth, Andrew (2001). The Book of 101 Books: Seminal Photographic Books of the Twentieth Century. New York: PPP Editions in association with Ruth Horowitz. ISBN 0967077443.
  27. 1 2 Elbies, Jeffrey (December 16, 2008). "David LaChapelle's Weird World: A mammoth new collector's edition book puts David LaChapelle's astonishing career into perspective". Popular Photography. Retrieved April 7, 2013.
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  30. 1 2 "Paul Kasmin Gallery - David LaChapelle". Paulkasmingallery.com. Retrieved September 15, 2016.
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  39. ↑ "Paul Kasmin Gallery - DAVID LACHAPELLE LAND SCAPE". Paulkasmingallery.com. Retrieved September 15, 2016.
  40. ↑ "OstLicht. Galerie für Fotografie: David LaChapelle". Ostlicht.at. Retrieved September 15, 2016.
  41. ↑ "DAVID LACHAPELLE, FOTOGRAFIAS 1984 – 2013 : MAC Lima". Maclima.pe. Retrieved September 15, 2016.
  42. ↑ Esposizioni, Palazzo delle. "David LaChapelle. Dopo il Diluvio - Palazzo delle Esposizioni". Palazzoesposizioni.it. Retrieved September 15, 2016.
  43. ↑ "MAC". Mac.uchile.cl. Retrieved September 15, 2016.
  44. ↑ "V&A · Botticelli Reimagined". Victoria and Albert Museum. Retrieved September 15, 2016.
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  50. ↑ Laura Garmeson (December 7, 2017). "David LaChapelle finds God". 1843. Retrieved March 14, 2018.
  51. 1 2 3 4 5 Iqbal, Nosheen: Photographer David LaChapelle: 'I never wanted to shoot another pop star – I was tortured by them', The Guardian, November 22, 2017
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  53. ↑ Mun-Delsalle, Y-Jean Mun-Delsalle (September 19, 2014). "David LaChapelle: From Fashion Photography To Fine Art". Forbes.com. Archived from the original on November 13, 2022.
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  59. 1 2 3 "Music Videos Archived 2011-04-06 at the Wayback Machine", LaChapelleStudio.com.
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  91. ↑ Pickard, Anna (October 2, 2007). "Jennifer Lopez - Do It Well". The Guardian. ISSN 0261-3077. Retrieved September 27, 2016.
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  94. ↑ "Watch the Documentary about David LaChapelle's "Evening in Space"". Highsnobiety. March 20, 2015. Retrieved September 27, 2016.
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  96. ↑ Regan, Helen. "Watch Dancer Sergei Polunin in Hozier's 'Take Me to Church'". Time. Retrieved September 28, 2016.
  97. ↑ exhibit-E.com. "Delirium of Reason -ACSI". 212fashion.tv. Retrieved September 22, 2016.
  98. ↑ "DAVID LACHAPELLE: POSTMODERN POP PHOTOGRAPHY - Tel Aviv Museum of Art". Tamuseum.org.il. Retrieved September 22, 2016.
  99. ↑ "台北當代藝術館 官方網站 Museum of Contemporary Art, Taipei - 超潮攝影家－大衛．拉夏培爾 David Lachapelle". Mocataipei.org.tw. Archived from the original on September 23, 2016. Retrieved September 22, 2016.
  100. ↑ "Tak pravil LaChapelle | Galerie Rudolfinum". Galerierudolfinum.cz. Retrieved September 22, 2016.
  101. ↑ "Burning Beauty - Fotografiska". Retrieved September 22, 2016.
  102. ↑ Esposizioni, Palazzo delle. "David LaChapelle. Dopo il Diluvio - Palazzo delle Esposizioni". Palazzoesposizioni.it. Retrieved September 22, 2016.
  103. ↑ "Currently on view". EDWARD HOPPER HOUSE ART CENTER. Retrieved September 22, 2016.
  104. ↑ "현재 전시". Ara Modern Art Museum. Archived from the original on February 24, 2017. Retrieved December 5, 2016.
  105. ↑ "Lost + Found". Casa dei Tre Oci. Retrieved April 28, 2017.
  106. ↑ "Renowned photographer David LaChapelle speaks to UNCSA high school graduates about the life of an artist". May 16, 2015. Retrieved September 22, 2016.
  107. ↑ "Join YPA for our November 2014 Fundraising Gala – Young Photographers Alliance". youngphotographersalliance.org. Retrieved July 25, 2016.
  108. ↑ "American Friends of the Tel Aviv Museum of Art Gala at the Standard Club Chicago - Floral Blog - Natural Beauties Floral - Chicago IL". Naturalbeautiesfloral.com. Archived from the original on September 23, 2016. Retrieved September 22, 2016.
  109. ↑ "Field Test". National Geographic. Archived from the original on September 11, 2016. Retrieved September 22, 2016.
  110. ↑ Inc, Nielsen Business Media (April 17, 2004). Billboard. Nielsen Business Media, Inc. {{cite book}}: |last= has generic name (help)
  111. ↑ "R!OT Wins 2004 MVPA Award for Best Special Effects". Creativemac.com. Retrieved September 22, 2016.
  112. ↑ "Festival". November 12, 2014. Retrieved September 22, 2016.
  113. ↑ "Telluride Film Festival". Archived from the original on September 23, 2016.
  114. ↑ "david-lachapelle". Sundance.org. Retrieved September 22, 2016.
  115. ↑ "Aspen Filmfest Archive | Aspen Film". August 11, 2016. Retrieved September 22, 2016.
  116. ↑ "2003 MVPA Award Winners". Billboard. Retrieved September 22, 2016.
  117. ↑ "Third Annual Alfred Eisenstaedt Awards for Magazine Photography Competition Opens | Time Warner Inc". Time Warner. Retrieved July 25, 2016.
  118. ↑ Pirrung, L (2009). Explosion in Paris. New York: IUniverse. p. 65.
  119. ↑ Staatsoper, Bayerische. "Haus: Bayerische Staatsoper". Staatsoper.de. Archived from the original on July 13, 2018. Retrieved September 22, 2016.
  120. ↑ "Los Angeles County Museum of Art". Lacma.org. Retrieved September 22, 2016.
  121. ↑ "Home - National Portrait Gallery". Npg.org.uk. Retrieved September 22, 2016.
  122. ↑ "Home - Tel Aviv Museum of Art". Tamuseum.org.il. Retrieved September 22, 2016.

Further reading

  • Sinning, Hilka (2006). Eye Candy: The Crazy World of David LaChapelle (DVD Video). Medea Film. OCLC 440675806.
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