The Danagla (Arabic: الدناقلة, "People of Dongola") are a Nubian tribe in northern Sudan[1][2] primarily settling between the third Nile cataract and al Dabbah. Along with Kenzi, Fadicca, Halfawi, Sikot, and Mahas, they form a significant part of the Nubians.[3][4] In addition, they have historically lived in proximity to their Shaigiya and Ja'alin neighbors. They speak the Nubian Dongolawi or Andaandi Language, its threatened by complete replacement by Arabic, although there is a lot of initiatives to revive it among the young generations[5] It is still spoken by a sizeable minority of the population, especially among the elders[6] alongside the Sudanese Arabic dialect.

Genetics

According to Y-DNA analysis by Hassan et al (2008), around 44% of Nubians and Danaglas generally in Sudan carry the haplogroup J in individually varied but rather small percentages. The remainder mainly belong to the E1b1b clade (23%). Both paternal lineages are also common among local Afroasiatic-speaking populations.[7]

Thus it's observed that approximately 83% of their Nubian samples carried various subclades of the Africa-centered macrohaplogroup L. Of these mtDNA lineages, the most frequently borne clade was L3 (30.8%), followed by the L0a (20.6%), L2 (10.3%), L1 (6.9%), L4 (6.9%) and L5 (6.9%) haplogroups. The remaining 17% of Nubians belonged to sublineages of the Eurasian macrohaplogroups M (3.4% M/D, 3.4% M1) and N (3.4% N1a, 3.4% preHV1, 3.4% R/U6a1). These results can be used as rough estimates of genetics most Nubians hold.

Notes

  1. ↑ Adebanwi, Wale; Orock, Rogers (2021-05-24). Elites and the Politics of Accountability in Africa. University of Michigan Press. p. 396. ISBN 978-0-472-05481-7. Dangala (Arab tribe)
  2. ↑ Wai, Dunstan M. (1981). The African-Arab Conflict in the Sudan. Africana Publishing Company. p. 228. ISBN 978-0-8419-0631-0. Dangala Arabs
  3. ↑ Khogali, Mustafa M. (1991). "The Migration of the Danagla to Port Sudan: A Case Study on the Impact of Migration on the Change of Identity". GeoJournal. 25 (1): 63–71. doi:10.1007/BF00179772. JSTOR 41145258. S2CID 153646409. Retrieved 18 September 2023.
  4. ↑ "Sudan" (PDF). Retrieved 20 September 2023.
  5. ↑ Reinisch 1879, p. VII.
  6. ↑ "Glottolog 4.6 - Dongola". glottolog.org. Retrieved 2022-09-07.
  7. ↑ Hollfelder, Nina; Schlebusch, Carina M.; Günther, Torsten; Babiker, Hiba; Hassan, Hisham Y.; Jakobsson, Mattias (2017-08-24). "Northeast African genomic variation shaped by the continuity of indigenous groups and Eurasian migrations". PLOS Genetics. 13 (8): e1006976. doi:10.1371/journal.pgen.1006976. ISSN 1553-7390. PMC 5587336. PMID 28837655.

Literature

  • Bjokelo, Anders (2003). Prelude to the Mahdiyya: Peasants and Traders in the Shendi Region, 1821-1851. Cambridge University Press. ISBN 0521534445.
  • Adams, William Y. (1977). Nubia. Corridor to Africa. Princeton University Press. ISBN 978-0-691-09370-3.
  • Reinisch, Leo (1879). Nuba-Sprache. Erster Theil. Gramamtik und Texte. Wilhelm Braumüller.


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