Frederik X
Count of Monpezat
The then-Crown Prince Frederik in 2018
King of Denmark
Reign14 January 2024 – present
PredecessorMargrethe II
Heir apparentChristian
Prime ministers
See list
Born (1968-05-26) 26 May 1968
Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark
Spouse
​
(m. 2004)​
Issue
Names
Frederik André Henrik Christian
House
FatherHenri de Laborde de Monpezat
MotherMargrethe II
ReligionChurch of Denmark
Military career
Nickname(s)Pingo[2][3]
Allegiance Kingdom of Denmark
Service/branch
Years of service1986–2024[lower-alpha 1]
Rank
Unit
Alma materAarhus University

Frederik X (Frederik André Henrik Christian;[lower-alpha 2] born 26 May 1968) is King of Denmark. He acceded to the throne following Queen Margrethe II's abdication on 14 January 2024, 52 years to the day after the death of her father, King Frederik IX, saw her accede to Denmark's throne.[4][5]

Frederik is the elder son of Queen Margrethe II and Prince Henrik. He was born during the reign of his grandfather, King Frederik IX, and became Crown Prince following the accession of his mother as Queen of Denmark on 14 January 1972. He was educated privately at home and at Krebs School, École des Roches and Øregård Gymnasium. He earned a Master of Science degree in political science from Aarhus University. After university, he served in diplomatic posts at the United Nations and in Paris. He has trained in all three branches of the Danish Armed Forces.

In 2000, Frederik met Australian marketing consultant Mary Donaldson (now Queen Mary) while attending the 2000 Summer Olympics in Sydney. They married on 14 May 2004 at Copenhagen Cathedral. They have four children: Christian, Isabella, and twins Vincent and Josephine.

Early life and education

Prince Frederik as an infant in the arms of his mother, c. 1968

Frederik was born by emergency caesarean section at Rigshospitalet, the Copenhagen University Hospital in Copenhagen, on 26 May 1968 at 23:50[6] to the then Princess Margrethe, oldest daughter of Frederik IX and heir presumptive to the Danish throne, and Prince Henrik. At the time of his birth, his maternal grandfather was on the throne of Denmark and his matrilineal great-grandfather was on the throne of Sweden.[7][8]

He was baptised on 24 June 1968, at Holmen Church, in Copenhagen. He was named Frederik after his maternal grandfather, King Frederik IX, continuing the Danish royal tradition of the heir apparent being named either Frederik or Christian.[lower-alpha 3] He became Crown Prince of Denmark when his mother ascended to the throne as Margrethe II on 14 January 1972. Frederik's only sibling is his younger brother Prince Joachim of Denmark.[9]

Frederik attended primary school at Krebs' Skole between 1974 and 1981, as a private pupil at Amalienborg Palace from 1974 to 1976, and from the third form again at Krebs' Skole.[10] From 1982 to 1983, he attended the École des Roches, a boarding school in Normandy, France.[10] In 1986, Frederik graduated from Øregård Gymnasium.[10] In addition to Danish, he is fluent in French (his father's language), English, and German.[11]

In the autumn of 1989, Frederik began studying political science at Aarhus University.[12] As part of his education, he spent the 1992–1993 academic year at Harvard University, where he studied political science under the name Frederik Henriksen. Whilst at Harvard, he participated in the Phoenix – SK Club, and lived in a rent controlled apartment.[13] Frederik is the first Danish royal to complete a university education.[11]

Early career

Frederik took up a position for three months with the Danish UN mission in New York in 1994.[14] In 1995, he obtained his MSc degree in political science from Aarhus University. He completed the course in the prescribed number of years with an exam result above average, thus becoming the first royal to obtain a master's degree. His final paper was an analysis on the foreign policy of the Baltic States, which he had visited several times during his studies.[15][12] The prince was posted as First Secretary to the Danish Embassy in Paris from October 1998 to October 1999.[16][17]

Military service

Frederik has completed extensive military studies and training in all three services, notably completing the training as a frogman in the naval elite special operations forces Frømandskorpset. It was here that he earned the nickname "Pingo", when his wetsuit filled with water and he was forced to waddle like a penguin.[18]

In 2001 and 2002, he completed further leadership training at the Royal Danish Defence College. Frederik remained active in the defence services, and in the period 2002–2003 served as a staff officer at Defence Command Denmark, and from 2003 as a senior lecturer with the Institute of Strategy at the Royal Danish Defence College.[19][20][21]

Marriage and children

Prince Frederik and Princess Mary on a 2004 Faroese commemorative stamp

During a Council of State on 8 October 2003, Queen Margrethe gave her consent to the marriage of Crown Prince Frederik to Mary Elizabeth Donaldson, an Australian marketing consultant whom the prince had met while attending the Sydney Olympics in 2000. Their wedding took place on 14 May 2004 at Copenhagen Cathedral, Copenhagen.[14]

The couple have four children: Christian (born 15 October 2005), Isabella (born 21 April 2007) and twins Vincent and Josephine (born 8 January 2011).[14]

Reign

Queen Margrethe II announced her abdication during her annual live broadcast New Year's Eve address on 31 December 2023. Frederik succeeded her as King of Denmark during a Council of State on 14 January 2024 during which Margrethe officially signed a declaration of her abdication.[22]

After succeeding to the throne, he was proclaimed King from the balcony of Christiansborg Palace by Prime Minister Mette Frederiksen as has been the custom for Danish monarchs since the introduction of the constitutional monarchy in 1849. His motto is "Forbundne, forpligtet, for Kongeriget Danmark" (English: "United, committed, for the Kingdom of Denmark"), the first motto that does not mention God since Frederik VII.[23]

Personal interests

Scientific research, climate change and sustainability

Prince Frederik arriving at Nordic Climate Solutions, 2009
Prince Frederik and Princess Mary admire the night skies of ESO's Paranal Observatory, 2013[24]

Frederik has a special interest in scientific research, climate change, and sustainability.[25] He was interviewed by the Financial Times and CNN International, in the Future Cities program, for their commitment to sustainability.[26][27] He participated in expeditions, forums and events on climate.[26][28][29][30] The prince has represented Denmark as a promoter of sustainable Danish energy.[31][32][33] The prince was one of the authors of the Polartokt Kongelig (Polar Cruise Royal), about the challenges of climate, published in 2009 with a preface written by Kofi Annan.[34][35][36] In 2010, he wrote the book's foreword Naturen og klimaændringerne i Nordøstgrønland (The nature and climate change in Greenland).[37] He supports scientific research projects, as a patron, as expeditionary, with regular attendance at events and through his foundation, Kronprins Frederiks Fond.[38]

Sports and health

Prince Frederik after finishing the Vasaloppet 2012

The prince encourages Danish participation in sports.[39] He is a patron and honorary member of various sports organizations,[40][41][42][43] and a former member of the International Olympic Committee.[44] He also promotes an active lifestyle in society.[45][46][47]

Frederik is an avid sportsman,[48] running marathons in Copenhagen, New York, and Paris, and completing the 42 kilometers with a respectable time of 3 hours, 22 minutes and 50 seconds in the Copenhagen Marathon.[2][49] In 2013, he completed the KMD Ironman Copenhagen in the time of 10:45:32 and is the first royal person to complete an Ironman.[50]

Frederik is a keen sailor, being a competitive Farr 40 skipper as well as an accomplished Dragon boater.[51] At the 2003 Dragon European Championship, where 51 boats participated, the Prince and his crew had been leading after four out of six races; they finished in fourth place.[52] At the 2008 Farr 40 World Championship with 33 boats participating, Frederik and his crew also took fourth place.[53][54] He was the first in his class boat in Fyn Cup 2010 in Denmark,[55][56][57] and number 4 in the 2011 Danish Dragon Championship with 25 boats participating.[58][59]

In 2016, instead of the Olympics in Rio, Frederik told the press that he did not regret not chasing his dream to compete in the Olympics after meeting his wife. He had always thought about training and competing, but that would have required him to limit his activities and concentrate on training, instead, he put his energy into other aspects of life.[60] In October 2016, Frederik had to cancel his appearance at the royal reception for the Danish Olympic and Paralympic athletes after he fractured his spine while jumping on a trampoline with his eldest son.[61]

Frederik also took part in the relay event during the 2019 IAAF World Cross Country Championships in Aarhus in March 2019.[62]

Frederik has competed in cross-country skiing; he skied the 90 km (56 mi) Swedish Vasaloppet, the oldest cross-country ski race in the world, in 2012,[63][64] 2013,[65][66] 2014,[67] and 2015.[68][69] In 2016, he completed the 54 kilometres (34 mi) Norwegian Birkebeinerrennet with Norway's Crown Prince Haakon.[70] Also in 2016, Frederik completed the 160 km (99 mi) Arctic Circle Race in Sisimiut, Greenland.[71][72]

International Olympic Committee

Prince Frederik as member of the International Olympic Committee, 2020

On 9 October 2009, Crown Prince Frederik was elected a member of the International Olympic Committee, replacing former Danish member Kaj Holm, who had reached the age of retirement.[73] The Crown Prince's candidature was met with some skepticism in Denmark, as it would mean that the Crown Prince would be on a semi-political committee along with several people who are suspected or even convicted of criminal acts.[74] Another concern was whether or not the Crown Prince's loyalty would be towards his country and government, as the Danish constitution prescribes, or with the International Olympic Committee, as is sworn upon election to the committee.[74] The Crown Prince was given special observer status in National Olympic Committee and Sports Confederation of Denmark, as a way to allow him to work, without having political power.[75]

Frederik announced that his point of focus and reason for joining the International Olympic Committee is to promote an active lifestyle among youth. He was elected for an eight-year term, and made it clear that he would terminate his membership upon ascending the Danish throne.[76]

In 2012, Frederik carried the Olympic flame through Notting Hill, a neighbourhood in West London.[77]

In 2016, Frederik faced criticism for voting against Danish Minister for Culture Bertel Haarder and a majority in the Danish Parliament's wishes on the subject of whether or not Russia should be allowed to compete at the 2016 Summer Olympics following allegations of state-sponsored doping.[78]

On 19 June 2017, the Crown Prince announced that he would continue another term of 8 years.[79] However, in 2021, Frederik was announced that he would step down as an active member of the International Olympic Committee at the committee's annual session prior to the 2020 Summer Olympics, citing a wish to intensify his everyday work as the reason for stepping down in the middle of his term.[80]

Royal Run

In celebration of his 50th birthday, on 21 May 2018, Frederik initiated a public running event across five cities in Denmark called Royal Run with more than 70,000 participants including Frederik and his own family.[81] The event was generally deemed as "exceeding expectations" by the public.[82][83]

The event has since become annual, and was continued in 2019,[84] 2021,[85] 2022,[86] and 2023.[87] The 2020 version was cancelled due to the COVID-19 situation in Denmark.[88] The 2024 edition is set to take place on 20 May in Copenhagen/Frederiksberg, Kalundborg, Fredericia, Aarhus, and Brønderslev.[89]

Expeditions

The Crown Prince participated in an expedition to Mongolia in 1986.[90] In 2000, the Crown Prince participated in "Expedition Sirius 2000", which was a four-month and 2,795 km dog-sledge expedition in the northern part of Greenland. The expedition Sirius marked the 50-year anniversary of the Sirius Patrol. Prince Frederik was part of the polar expedition as a film photographer, whose job was to ensure an optimal coverage of this event.[91][92][93]

Crown Prince Frederik's Foundation

The purpose of the foundation is to provide financial assistance to students of social policy and sciences, for one year's study at Harvard.[94] It also provides financial support for scientific expeditions, particularly to foreign parts of the world, such as Greenland and the Faroe Islands, and sports purposes, including those with a particularly social aspect.[95]

Titles, styles, honours and arms

Titles and styles

Frederik was originally styled "His Royal Highness Prince Frederik of Denmark". On the accession of his mother on 14 January 1972, he became known as "His Royal Highness The Crown Prince of Denmark". The title Count of Monpezat was added when his mother created it for her male-line descendants.[96] Since his accession on 14 January 2024, he has been styled "His Majesty The King, Count of Monpezat".[97]

Honours

The King has received a number of honours.[90]

National honours

Orders and appointments
  • 14 January 2024 – present: Sovereign of the Order of the Elephant
    • 14 January 1972 – 14 January 2024: Knight of the Order of the Elephant (R.E.)
  • 14 January 2024 – present: Grand Master of the Order of the Dannebrog
    • 1 January 2004 – 14 January 2024: Grand Commander of the Order of the Dannebrog (S.Kmd)
Medals and decorations
 Greenland: Recipient of the Nersornaat Medal for Meritorious Service, 1st Class

Foreign honours

Personal symbols

Notes

  1. ↑ End of active service.
  2. ↑ Danish pronunciation: [ˈfʁeðˀʁek]
  3. ↑ His middle names honour his paternal grandfather, André de Laborde de Monpezat; his father, Prince Henrik; and his maternal great-grandfather, Christian X. Frederik's godparents were his maternal aunt, the Queen of the Hellenes; his paternal uncle, Count Etienne de Laborde de Monpezat; his extended relatives, Prince Georg of Denmark and Grand Duchess Joséphine-Charlotte of Luxembourg; and friends of his parents, Baron Christian de Watteville-Berckheim and Birgitta Juel Hillingsø.

References

Citations

  1. ↑ "The Danish Monarchy". Archived from the original on 14 February 2010. Retrieved 26 July 2023.
  2. 1 2 Hello! (8 October 2009). "Biography: Prince Frederik". hellomagazine.com. Archived from the original on 25 December 2019. Retrieved 26 June 2017.
  3. ↑ "Alt det du ikke ved om kronprins Frederik". DR (in Danish). Archived from the original on 10 July 2023. Retrieved 10 July 2023.
  4. ↑ Gronholt-pedersen, Jacob (2 January 2024). "Denmark's Queen Margrethe II announces surprise abdication on live TV". Reuters.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: url-status (link)
  5. ↑ "Denmark's King Frederik X takes the throne after queen steps down". Al Jazeera. Retrieved 16 January 2024.
  6. ↑ "Se historisk foto fra kronprins Frederiks fødsel i farver for første gang: Såååå stor!". DR (in Danish). 27 May 2018. Archived from the original on 10 January 2023. Retrieved 15 March 2023.
  7. ↑ Jones, B. (2022). Dictionary of World Biography: Ninth edition. ANU Lives Series in Biography. ANU Press. p. 387. ISBN 978-1-76046-552-0.
  8. ↑ Paxton, J. (2016). The Statesman's Year-Book 1972-73: The Encyclopaedia for the Businessman-of-the-World. The Statesman's Yearbook. Palgrave Macmillan UK. p. 855. ISBN 978-0-230-27101-2.
  9. ↑ Skou, K.R. (2010). Dansk politik A-Å (in Danish). Lindhardt og Ringhof. p. 218. ISBN 978-87-11-41132-2.
  10. 1 2 3 "Kronprinsens curriculum vitae". DR (in Danish). 6 August 2003. Archived from the original on 14 January 2024. Retrieved 14 January 2024.
  11. 1 2 "Crown Prince Frederik: the former party prince who will be Denmark's next king". The Guardian. 31 December 2023. Archived from the original on 31 December 2023. Retrieved 1 January 2024.
  12. 1 2 "Crown Prince Frederik" (Press release). Royal Danish Ministry of Foreign Affairs. Archived from the original on 5 June 2011. Retrieved 4 January 2011.
  13. ↑ "The Week". Vol. 46, no. 20. National Review. 24 October 1994. pp. 10–24.
  14. 1 2 3 "Frederik X: Who is Denmark's new King?". ITVX. Archived from the original on 14 January 2024. Retrieved 14 January 2024.
  15. ↑ "Au Gustus Aarhus Universitet" (PDF) (in Danish). 3 September 2008. Archived (PDF) from the original on 23 September 2015. Retrieved 4 January 2011.
  16. ↑ Dansk pressehistorisk selskab (1998). Avis-årbogen (in Danish). C. A. Reitzels boghandel. p. 94. Kronprins Frederik indleder sin karriere som 1. ambassadesekretær ved den danske ambassade i Paris {{cite book}}: |archive-date= requires |archive-url= (help)
  17. ↑ Davidsen, L.; Christensen, M. (2001). Bogen om Danmark (in Danish). Danmarks Nationalleksikon. p. 22. ISBN 978-87-7789-096-3. Frederik André Henrik Christian, f . 26 May 1968, prins til Danmark, kronprins; ældste søn af dronning Margrethe 2 ... 1998–99 gjorde han tjeneste som sekretær ved den danske ambassade i Paris ...
  18. ↑ "Alt det du ikke ved om kronprins Frederik". DR (in Danish). Archived from the original on 10 July 2023. Retrieved 10 July 2023.
  19. ↑ "Kronprins Frederik ind på Forsvarsakademiet". Politiken (in Danish). 15 May 2001. Archived from the original on 14 January 2024. Retrieved 14 January 2024. Kronprins Frederik tager efter sommerferien plads i undervisningslokalerne på Forsvarsakademiet i København. Kronprinsen skal gennemføre en et-årig uddannelse, som vil kvalificere ham til orlogskaptajn i søværnet, ligesom han får titel af major i hæren og flyvevåbnet. Ifølge kommandørkaptajn Jens Claus Hansen begynder kronprinsen sin uddannelse i august og slutter omkring 1. juli næste år. Han skal undervises sammen med militære ledere fra de tre værn: hæren, søværnet og flyvevåbnet.
  20. ↑ "Kronprins Frederik afslutter sin uddannelse som konge". Politiken (in Danish). 28 June 2002. Archived from the original on 14 January 2024. Retrieved 14 January 2024. Kronprins Frederik afsluttede fredag formiddag sin etårige militære lederuddannelse på Forsvarsakademiet. Han fik overrakt sine eksamenspapirer i Forsvarsakademiet på Svanemøllen Kaserne, hvor også regentparret var til stede. Kronprinsen har med sin eksamen kvalificeret sig til udnævnelse til orlogskaptajn i søværnet, samt major i hæren og flyvevåbnet.
  21. ↑ "H.K.H. Kronprins Frederik udnævnes". Forsvaret (in Danish). Archived from the original on 14 January 2024. Retrieved 14 January 2024. I perioden 2001 og 2002 gennemgik Kronprinsen videreuddannelsestrin II for ledere ved Forsvarsakademiet. Kronprinsen blev i 2002 major af reserven i Hæren og Flyvevåbnet samt orlogskaptajn i Søværnet. Kronprinsen er stadig aktiv i forsvaret og var i perioden 2002–2003 sagsbehandler ved forsvarskommandoen og fra 2003 lærer ved Forsvarsakademiet, Institut for Strategi.
  22. ↑ Einarsdóttir, Silja Björklund (31 December 2023). "Dronning Margrethe av Danmark går av" [Queen Margrethe of Denmark abdicates]. NRK. Archived from the original on 31 December 2023. Retrieved 1 January 2024.
  23. ↑ "Her er kong Frederiks valgsprog – TV 2". nyheder.tv2.dk (in Danish). 14 January 2024. Archived from the original on 14 January 2024. Retrieved 14 January 2024.
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  26. 1 2 Harvey, Fiona (27 March 2010). "Europe's royals as climate activists". Financial Times Magazine. Archived from the original on 10 December 2022. Retrieved 14 September 2011.
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  31. ↑ Møller, Michael Frank (5 January 2010). "Kronprinsen: Royal charmeoffensiv" Archived 20 December 2014 at the Wayback Machine. www.seoghoer.dk. Retrieved on 14 September 2011.
  32. ↑ "Danish crown prince hopes for more cultural exchanges with China" Archived 17 October 2012 at the Wayback Machine. People's Daily (25 June 2010). Retrieved on 14 September 2011.
  33. ↑ DBDH – Crown Prince Frederik leads the way to Ukraine Archived 22 March 2012 at the Wayback Machine. Dbdh.dk. Retrieved on 14 September 2011.
  34. ↑ "Tre tronarvinger med felles bokprosjekt: Kongelig polartokt (Pressesenter – Fakta) – Cappelen Damm". Cappelendamm.no. Archived from the original on 1 August 2013. Retrieved 14 September 2011.
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  37. ↑ "Books on Greenland's Nature from Aarhus University to the Greenlandic High school Curriculum". Archived from the original on 27 April 2010. Retrieved 7 June 2010.
  38. ↑
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  49. ↑ "Frederik of Denmark: The Unknown Heir". hola.com (in Spanish). Hello!. 6 November 2007. Archived from the original on 24 October 2012. Retrieved 26 June 2017.
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  51. ↑ Bernard Schopfer/ RC 44 Class (3 June 2010). "sailing.org". sailing.org. Archived from the original on 22 May 2018. Retrieved 14 September 2011.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: numeric names: authors list (link)
  52. ↑
    • {cite web
    |"sailing.org". sailing.org. 19 August 2003. Archived from the original on 19 March 2012. Retrieved 14 September 2011.|"rte.ie". rte.ie. 21 August 2003. Retrieved 14 September 2011.|Christensen, Mia L. (24 August 2003). "Frederik og Mary til sejlerfest". www.bt.dk (in Danish). Archived from the original on 14 January 2024. Retrieved 14 January 2024. Kronprinsen og hans to gaster i båden "Nanoq" sluttede samlet som nummer fire.
  53. ↑ "farr40worlds.com". 2008.farr40worlds.com. Archived from the original on 10 August 2011. Retrieved 14 September 2011.
  54. ↑ "sailing.org". sailing.org. 20 April 2008. Archived from the original on 19 March 2012. Retrieved 14 September 2011.
  55. ↑ "De hurtigste både er i mål – fyens.dk – Rundt om Fyn". fyens.dk. Archived from the original on 28 September 2011. Retrieved 14 September 2011.
  56. ↑ af Heidi Callesen. "tv2fyn.dk". tv2fyn.dk. Archived from the original on 29 September 2011. Retrieved 14 September 2011.
  57. ↑ Fynes (29 May 2010). "All Winners of Fyn Cup Found". fyens.dk (in Danish). Jysk Fynske Medier P/S. Archived from the original on 22 May 2018. Retrieved 26 June 2017.
  58. ↑ http://www.danishdragons2011.dk/Results/DRDAG_2_4.htm%5B%5D
  59. ↑ "Kronprins tæt på bronze i DM i dragesejlads". 14 August 2011. Archived from the original on 27 December 2013. Retrieved 28 November 2016.
  60. ↑ Davis, Caris (30 July 2016). "Danish Crown Prince Frederik Has No Regrets About Casting Off His Olympic Dreams". People. Archived from the original on 15 July 2021. Retrieved 15 July 2021.
  61. ↑ "Danish Crown Prince Frederik, husband of Aussie Princess Mary, fractures spine on trampoline". 9 News. 15 October 2016. Archived from the original on 19 July 2021. Retrieved 19 July 2021.
  62. ↑ Rowbottom, Mike (24 March 2019). "Vikings, beer, mud and an Olympic mission – the strange and wonderful Aarhus brew for 2019 IAAF World Cross Country Championships". Inside the Games. Archived from the original on 25 August 2021. Retrieved 25 August 2021.
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  73. ↑ Jørgensen, Lars (30 September 2009). "Denmark's Olympic Fall". Information (in Danish). Dagbladet Information. Archived from the original on 7 October 2020. Retrieved 26 June 2017.
  74. 1 2 Villemann, Trine (9 October 2009). "High Stakes on the Future of the Royal Family". information.dk (in Danish). Dagbladet Information. Archived from the original on 8 October 2020. Retrieved 26 June 2017.
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Bibliography

  • Andersen, Jens (2017). Under bjælken: Et portræt af Kronprins Frederik [Under the beam: A portrait of Crown Prince Frederik]. Copenhagen: Gyldendal. ISBN 978-87-02-21436-9.
  • Bramsen, Bo (1992). Huset Glücksborg. Europas svigerfader og hans efterslægt [The House of Glücksburg: The Father-in-law of Europe and his descendants] (in Danish) (2nd ed.). Copenhagen: Forlaget Forum. ISBN 87-553-1843-6.
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