The royal family of Denmark during the Queen's 70th birthday on 16 April 2010. From left to right: Queen Mary of Denmark (then Crown Princess) Prince Felix, Frederik X (then Crown Prince), Prince Christian, Queen Margrethe II, Prince Nikolai, Prince Henrik, Prince Joachim and Princess Isabella

The Danish royal family is the dynastic family of the monarch of Denmark.[1] All members of the Danish royal family except King Frederik X, Queen Mary and Queen Margrethe II hold the title of Prince(ss) of Denmark. Descendants of Margrethe II additionally bear the title Count(ess) of Monpezat. Children of the monarch are accorded the style of His/Her Royal Highness. The King and Queen are styled Majesty.

Margrethe II, her siblings and her descendants belong to the House of Glücksburg, which is a branch of the royal House of Oldenburg. Margrethe II's children and male-line descendants also belong agnatically to the Laborde de Monpezat family, and were given the concurrent title Count/Countess of Monpezat by royal decree on 30 April 2008.[2]

The Danish royal family receives remarkably high approval ratings in Denmark, ranging between 82% and 92%.[3][4]

Main members

The Danish royal family includes:

Family tree of members

King Frederik IXQueen Ingrid
Prince HenrikQueen Margrethe IIThe Dowager Princess of Sayn-Wittgenstein-BerleburgKing Constantine II of the HellenesQueen Anne-Marie of the Hellenes
Greek royal family*
The KingThe QueenAlexandra, Countess of Frederiksborg
(div. 2005)		Prince JoachimPrincess Marie
The Crown PrincePrincess IsabellaPrince VincentPrincess JosephineCount NikolaiCount FelixCount HenrikCountess Athena
Note

* Extended members include the Greek royal family

Members of the extended royal family

Royal family of Greece

Most of the members of the deposed royal family of Greece hold the title of Prince or Princess of Greece and Denmark with the qualification of His or Her Highness, pursuant to the Royal Cabinet Order of 1774 and as agnatic descendants of George I of Greece, who, as the son of the future King Christian IX of Denmark, was (and remained) a "Prince of Denmark" prior to his accession to the throne of Greece in 1863. Until 1953, his dynastic male-line descendants remained in Denmark's order succession. However, no Danish act has revoked usage of the princely title for these descendants, neither for those living in 1953, nor for those born subsequently or who have since married into the dynasty.

There are three members of the Greek royal family who are not known to bear the title of Prince/ss of Denmark with the qualification of His/Her Highness.[5][6][7]

The following, consorts of royal monarchs today, were born with the titles of Prince/Princess of Greece and Denmark, although they are not descended from King Constantine and Queen Anne-Marie:

Royal family of Norway

The royal family of Norway descends in the legitimate male line from Frederick VIII of Denmark, Queen Margrethe II's great-grandfather. Haakon VII of Norway, who was born Prince Carl of Denmark as Frederik VIII's younger son, was, like his uncle, George I of Greece, invited to reign over another nation. As with the Greek branch's descendants, members of the Norwegian line no longer have succession rights to the Danish crown, but unlike the Greek dynasties, they discontinued use of Danish royal titles upon ascending to the Norwegian throne in 1905.

Counts and countesses of Monpezat

On 30 April 2008, the Queen of Denmark granted to her two sons, Crown Prince Frederik and Prince Joachim, and their legitimate patrilineal descendants of both sexes the hereditary title "Count of Monpezat". The title is based on the French title "Comte de Laborde de Monpezat" which was used by their father Henrik, Prince Consort of Denmark.

On 29 September 2022, it was announced that from 1 January 2023, the titles of Prince and Princess of Denmark, and style of Highness of the 4 children of Queen Margrethe II's younger son, Prince Joachim, would be discontinued. They will instead be titled "His/Her Excellency Count/Countess Nikolai/Felix/Henrik/Athena of Monpezat".[8] All four grandchildren maintain their places in the order of succession to the throne.

Counts and countesses of Rosenborg

Danish princes who marry without the consent of the Danish monarch lose their succession rights, as do their descendants.[9] They are then usually accorded the hereditary title "Count of Rosenborg". They are entitled to the style "His/Her Excellency". They and their legitimate male-line descendants are:[10]

Counts and countesses of Samsøe

The Danneskiold-Samsøe family are the descendants of the eldest son of Christian V and his mistress Sofie Amalie Moth, whom the king elevated to be the first Lensgrevinde til Samsø ("Countess of Samsø"). A descendant, Countess Frederikke Louise af Danneskiold-Samsøe (1699-1744) married her kinsman Christian August, Duke of Schleswig-Holstein-Sonderburg-Augustenburg. By royal statutory regulation, the Counts of Danneskiold-Samsøe and their male-line descendants are ranked as the second-highest nobles in Denmark,[11] second only to the Counts of Rosenborg, whom also descend from the Danish Kings. With a place in the 1st Class No. 13, they are entitled to the style "His/Her Excellency".[12]

Line of succession

Frederik X

The first law governing the succession to the Danish throne as a hereditary monarchy was the Kongeloven (Lex Regia), enacted on 14 November 1665, and published in 1709.[13][14] It declared that the crown of Denmark shall descend by heredity to the legitimate descendants of King Frederick III, and that the order of succession shall follow semi-Salic primogeniture,[13] according to which the crown is inherited by an heir, with preference among the Monarch's children to males over females; among siblings to the elder over the younger; and among Frederick III's remoter descendants by substitution, senior branches over junior branches. Female descendants were eligible to inherit the throne in the event there were no eligible surviving male dynasts born in the male line. As for the duchies, Holstein and Lauenburg where the King ruled as duke, these lands adhered to Salic law (meaning that only males could inherit the ducal throne), and by mutual agreement, were permanently conjoined. The duchies of Schleswig (a Danish fief), Holstein and Lauenburg (German fiefs) were joined in personal union with the Crown of Denmark.

This difference caused problems when Frederick VII of Denmark proved childless, making a change in dynasty imminent, and causing the lines of succession for the duchies on one hand and for Denmark on the other to diverge. That meant that the new King of Denmark would not also be the new Duke of Schleswig or Duke of Holstein. To ensure the continued adhesion of the Elbe duchies to the Danish Crown, the line of succession to the duchies was modified in the London Protocol of 1852, which designated Prince Christian of Schleswig-Holstein-Sonderburg-Glücksburg, as the new heir apparent, although he was, strictly, the heir neither to the Crown of Denmark nor to the Duchies of Schleswig, Holstein, or Lauenburg by primogeniture. Originally, the Danish prime minister Christian Albrecht Bluhme wanted to keep the separate hereditary principles, but in the end, the government decided on a uniform agnatic primogeniture, which was accepted by the Parliament.

This order of succession remained in effect for a hundred years, then the Salic law was changed to male-preference primogeniture in 1953, meaning that females with no brothers could inherit. In 2009, the mode of inheritance of the throne was once again changed, this time into absolute primogeniture. This imposed no immediate change on the line of succession as it was then, as Prince Vincent had not yet been born. As of 2024 the line of succession was:

  1. Crown Prince Christian
  2. Princess Isabella
  3. Prince Vincent
  4. Princess Josephine
  5. Prince Joachim
  6. Count Nikolai
  7. Count Felix
  8. Count Henrik
  9. Countess Athena
  10. Princess Benedikte

Privileges and restrictions

Following the transformation of Denmark's monarchy from elective (at least theoretically, although it had generally descended to the eldest son of the House of Oldenburg since 1448) to hereditary in 1660, the so-called Kongelov (Lex Regia in Latin) of 1665 established the reign "by the grace of God" of King Frederick III and his posterity.[13] Of the articles of this law, all except Article 21 and Article 25 have been repealed by amendments to the Constitution in 1849, 1853, 1953, and 2009.

Article 21 states "No Prince of the Blood, who resides here in the Realm and in Our territory, shall marry, or leave the Country, or take service under foreign Masters, unless he receives Permission from the King".[13] Under this provision, princes of Denmark who permanently reside in other realms by express permission of the Danish Crown (i.e. members of the dynasties of Greece, Norway and the United Kingdom) do not thereby forfeit their royalty in Denmark, nor are they bound to obtain prior permission to travel abroad or to marry from its sovereign, although since 1953 those not descended in male-line from King Christian X are no longer in the line of succession to the Danish throne.[13] However, those who do reside in Denmark or its territories require the monarch's prior permission to travel abroad and to marry.[13]

Article 25 stipulates, with respect to blood members of the Royal dynasty: "They should answer to no Magistrate Judges, but their first and last Judge shall be the King, or to whomsoever He decrees."[13] The wording excludes those whose blood cannot be traced to a Danish monarch (e.g., the present Queen).

Notes

1Princess Benedikte's children have no succession rights. This is because the marriage consent given to her had very specific provisions; if Benedikte ever became the heir presumptive, she and her husband would have to take permanent residence in Denmark and her children would have succession rights only if they had applied for naturalization upon reaching adulthood, and taken up residence in Denmark: (a) at the time of becoming the immediate heir to the throne, and (b) no later than when they reached the age of mandatory schooling under Danish law. Since the children continued to be educated in Germany well past the mandatory schooling age, they are deemed to no longer have succession rights.[15]

2Queen Anne-Marie has no succession rights, and her descendants have none through her, because the permission granted for her marriage stipulated that she renounced her claim to the Danish throne upon becoming queen consort of the Hellenes.

See also

References

  1. ↑ "The Danish Monarchy - the Royal House". Kongehuset.dk. Archived from the original on 14 February 2010. Retrieved 11 July 2011.
  2. ↑ "House of Monpezat". Kongehuset.dk (Press release) (in Danish). Danish Monarchy. 30 April 2008. Archived from the original on 3 June 2011.
  3. ↑ Danish-Style Royal Fairy Tale - Novinite.com - Sofia News Agency
  4. ↑ "Once upon a time". The Age. Melbourne. 10 May 2004.
  5. ↑ Willis, Daniel (1999). The Descendants of Louis XIII. Baltimore, MD: Clearfield Co. pp. 94, 762. ISBN 0-8063-4942-5. The daughters of Prince and Princess Michael [of Greece and Denmark] are titled Princess of Greece without the style of Royal Highness
  6. ↑ Huberty, Michel; Alain Giraud; F. and B. Magdelaine (1994). L'Allemagne Dynastique Tome VII Oldenbourg (in French). France: Giraud. pp. 329, 357. ISBN 2-901138-07-1.
  7. ↑ Willis, Daniel (2002). The Descendants of King George I of Great Britain. Baltimore, MD: Clearfield Co. p. 419. ISBN 0-8063-5172-1.
  8. ↑ Agence France-Presse (29 September 2022). "Denmark's Queen Margrethe strips four grandchildren of royal titles". The Guardian. Retrieved 29 September 2022.
  9. ↑ Kurrild-Klitgaard, Peter (2 February 1999). "Conditional Consent, Dynastic Rights and the Danish Law of Succession". Hoelseth's Royal Corner. Dag Trygsland Hoelseth. Archived from the original on 7 August 2009. Retrieved 3 August 2008.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: unfit URL (link)
  10. ↑ Søgeresultat: - Skeel-Holbek, Schaffalitzky de Muckadell
  11. ↑ "Rangfølgen". 16 July 2011. Archived from the original on 16 July 2011. Retrieved 10 June 2020.
  12. ↑ "Danneskiold | lex.dk". Den Store Danske (in Danish). Retrieved 11 June 2020.
  13. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 Gråsten Palace
  14. ↑ "Kongeloven". Statsministeriet. Statsministeriet. 4 September 1709. Archived from the original on 3 October 2013. Retrieved 21 November 2012.
  15. ↑ Kurrild-Klitgaard, Peter (2 February 1999). "Conditional Consent, Dynastic Rights and the Danish Law of Succession". Hoelseth's Royal Corner. Dag Trygsland Hoelseth. Retrieved 5 November 2009.
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