Chatham House
The Royal Institute of International Affairs
Established1920 (1920)
Headquarters10 St James's Square
London, England
Membership
6,000 (approx.)
Websitechathamhouse.org
Formerly called
The British Institute of International Affairs

The Royal Institute of International Affairs, commonly known as Chatham House, is a British think tank based in London, England. Its stated mission is "to help governments and societies build a sustainably secure, prosperous, and just world". It is the originator of the Chatham House Rule.

Overview

The Royal Institute of International Affairs has its headquarters in central London at 10 St James's Square, which is known as Chatham House. It is a Grade I listed 18th-century building that was designed in part by Henry Flitcroft and was occupied by three British prime ministers, including William Pitt, 1st Earl of Chatham, whose name became associated with the house.[1] Canadian philanthropists Lieutenant-Colonel Reuben Wells Leonard and Kate Rowlands Leonard purchased the property in 1923 and then donated the building to the fledgling institute as its headquarters.[2] As a result, the Chatham House name is used as a metonym for the institute as a whole.

Chatham House accepts individual members, as well as members from corporations, academic institutions, and NGOs.[3]

Chatham House Rule

Chatham House is the origin of the non-attribution rule known as the Chatham House Rule, which provides that an attendee of a meeting may discuss the content of this meeting in the outside world, but may not discuss who attended nor identify what a specific individual said. The Chatham House Rule evolved to facilitate frank and honest discussion on controversial or unpopular issues by speakers who may not have otherwise had the appropriate forum to speak freely. Despite this, most meetings at Chatham House are held on the record, and not under the Chatham House Rule.[4]

Research and publications

Chatham House research is structured around five thematic programmes, comprising: environment and society; global economy and finance; global health security; international law; and international security; as well as seven regional programmes, covering Africa, the Asia-Pacific region, Europe, the Middle East and North Africa, Russia and Eurasia, the USA and Americas and the UK in the World launched in 2023.[5]

Chatham House contains the Sustainability Accelerator (formerly Hoffmann Centre for Sustainable Resource Economy), which focuses on the political economy of resource production and consumption.[6]

Speakers

Chatham House regularly hosts speakers from the UK and international policy and business communities.[7]

Periodical publications

Chatham House has produced the policy journal International Affairs since 1922, and the Journal of Cyber Policy[8] since 2016. It has also published a monthly global affairs magazine, The World Today, since 1945.[9]

Chatham House Prize

The Chatham House Prize is an annual award presented to "the person, persons, or organization deemed by members of Chatham House to have made the most significant contribution to the improvement of international relations in the previous year".[10]

List of winners

Chatham House's former Director Robin Niblett (left) with Myanmar opposition leader Aung San Suu Kyi
Year Name Country
2005President Viktor Yushchenko[10] Ukraine
2006President Joaquim Chissano[10] Mozambique
2007Sheikha Mozah Al Missned[10] Qatar
2008President John Kufuor[10] Ghana
2009President Lula da Silva[11] Brazil
2010President Abdullah Gül[12] Turkey
2011Burmese opposition leader Aung San Suu Kyi[13] Myanmar
2012President Moncef Marzouki and Rached Ghannouchi[10] Tunisia
2013Secretary of State Hillary Clinton[14] United States
2014Co-founder of the Bill and Melinda Gates foundation Melinda French Gates[15] United States
2015Médecins Sans Frontières[16]  Switzerland
2016Minister of Foreign Affairs Mohammad Javad Zarif[17] Iran
Secretary of State John Kerry[17] United States
2017President Juan Manuel Santos[18] Colombia
2018Committee to Protect Journalists[19] United States
2019Sir David Attenborough and Julian Hector[20] United Kingdom
2020Malawi Constitutional Court Justices Healey Potani, Ivy Kamanga, Redson Kapindu, Dingiswayo Madise and Michael Tembo[21] Malawi
2023Volodomyr Zelenskyy[22] Ukraine

History

Origins

The Royal Institute of International Affairs originated in a meeting, convened by Lionel Curtis, of the American and British delegates to the Paris Peace Conference on 30 May 1919. Curtis had long been an advocate for the scientific study of international affairs and, following the beneficial exchange of information after the peace conference, argued that the method of expert analysis and debate should be continued when the delegates returned home in the form of international institute.[23]

Lionel Curtis was instrumental in the founding of Chatham House.

The British and American delegates formed separate institutes, with the Americans developing the Council on Foreign Relations in New York.[24]

The British Institute of International Affairs, as it was then known, held its inaugural meeting, chaired by Robert Cecil, on 5 July 1920. In this, former Foreign Secretary Edward Grey moved the resolution calling the institute into existence:

"That an Institute be constituted for the study of International Questions, to be called the British Institute of International Affairs."[25]

These two, along with Arthur J. Balfour and John R. Clynes, became the first Presidents of the institute, with Lionel Curtis and G. M. Gathorne–Hardy appointed joint Honorary Secretaries.[25]

By 1922, as the institute's membership grew, there was a need for a larger and more practical space and the Institute acquired, through the gift of Canadian Colonel R. W. Leonard, Chatham House, Number 10 St. James's Square, where the institute is still housed.[26]

Inter-war years

Following its inception, the Institute quickly focused upon Edward Grey's resolution, with the 1920s proving an active decade at Chatham House. The journal International Affairs was launched in January 1922, allowing for the international circulation of the various reports and discussions which took place within the institute.[26]

After being appointed as Director of Studies, Professor Arnold Toynbee produced the institute's annual Survey of International Affairs until his retirement in 1955. While providing a detailed annual overview of international relations, the survey's primary role was 'to record current international history'.[27] The survey continued until 1963 and was well received throughout the Institution, coming to be known as 'the characteristic external expression of Chatham House research: a pioneer in method and a model for scholarship.'[28]

In 1926, 14 members of Chatham House represented the United Kingdom at the first conference of the Institute of Pacific Relations, a forum dedicated to the discussion of problems and relations between Pacific nations.[29] The IPR served as a platform for the institute to develop a political and commercial awareness of the region, with special focus being placed upon China's economic development and international relations.[30]

In the same year the Institute received its royal charter, thereupon being known as the Royal Institute of International Affairs. The Charter set out the aims and objectives of the institute, which were to "advance the sciences of international politics... promote the study and investigation of international questions by means of lectures and discussion... promote the exchange of information, knowledge and thought on international affairs."[31]

Further expansion

The year 1929 marked the next stage in the institute's development, with the appointment of a full-time chief executive or director. Ivison Macadam was appointed to the position (Secretary and then Director-General),[32] in which he oversaw the institute's rapid expansion with its growing research, organisational and financial needs,[33] a role he occupied until 1955.

Macadam was able to secure funding to expand the physical plant of the Institute by acquiring the freeholds of 6 Duke of York Street, then called York Street (largely through the generosity of Waldorf Astor, John Power, and others) and later 9 St James's Square, then the Portland Club, in 1943 (through a donation to cover its purchase by Henry Price), and connect these adjoining properties to the original freehold property of Chatham House at 10 St James Square (with the cost of these connections covered by Astor's sons, William, David, and John). Power also donated his leasehold property in Chesham Place to the Institute in 1938. These additional properties provided much needed additional space for the institute's activities.[34]

1929 also saw the inception of the institute's special study group on the international gold problem. The group, which included leading economists such as John Maynard Keynes, conducted a three-year study into the developing economic issues which the post-war international monetary settlement created.[35] The group's research anticipated Britain's decision to abandon the gold standard two years later.[36]

Around this time Chatham House became known as the place for leading statesmen and actors in world affairs to visit when in London; notably, Mahatma Gandhi visited the institute on 20 October 1931, in which he delivered a talk on "The Future of India". The talk was attended by 750 members, making it the institute's largest meeting up to that point.[37]

Committee of Post-War Reconstruction meeting in the institute's Common Room, 1943.

In 1933 Norman Angell, whilst working within the institute's Council, was awarded the Nobel Peace Prize for his book The Great Illusion, making him the first and only Laureate to be awarded the prize for publishing a book.[37]

Chatham House held the first Commonwealth Relations Conference in Toronto, Ontario, Canada in 1933. Held roughly every five years, the conference provided a forum for leading politicians, lawyers, academics and others to discuss the implications of recent Imperial Conferences.[38] With various dominion nations seeking to follow individual foreign policy aims, Major-General Sir Neill Malcolm, the chairman of the Council of the institute,[39] emphasised the need for "essential agreement in matters of foreign policy between the various Governments," with the Commonwealth Relations Conference being the vehicle upon which this cooperation would be achieved and maintained.[40]

War years, 1939–1945

At the outbreak of the Second World War the institute, under the Chairmanship of Waldorf Astor,[41] was decentralised for security reasons, with many of the staff moving to Balliol College, Oxford. There, the Foreign Press and Research Service of the Institute worked closely with the Foreign Office who requested various reports on foreign press, historical and political background of the enemy and various other topics supervised by Arnold Toynbee,[42] dedicating their research to the war effort.[43]

The institute also provided many additional services to scholars and the armed forces at its St. James's Square home. The Institute reopened formally on 28 October 1943; the session was addressed by the American commanding general of U.S. Army logistics forces in the ETO, then-Maj. Gen. John C. H. Lee, who spent a substantial part of his time working with the Theater G-5 officer (Civil-Military Affairs), MG Ray W. Barker. Research facilities were opened to refugee and allied academics, whilst arrangements were made for both the National Institute of Economic and Social Research and the Polish Research Centre to relocate to the Institute following the bombing of their premises. In addition, allied officers undertook courses in international affairs at the Institute in an attempt to develop their international and political awareness as well as post war reconstruction planning.[43]

The post-war years

Chatham House had been researching potential post-war issues as early as 1939 through the Committee on Reconstruction.[43] Whilst a number of staff returned to the Institute at the end of the war, a proportion of members found themselves joining a range of international organisations, including the United Nations and the International Monetary Fund. Combining this with the institute's early support of the League of Nations and impact of the gold study on the Bretton Woods system, Chatham House found itself to be a leading actor in international political and economic redevelopment.[43]

Margaret Thatcher leaving Chatham House after attending the 'Inside Saudi Arabia: Society, Economy and Defence' conference, October 1993.

In reaction to the changing post-war world, Chatham House embarked on a number of studies relating to Britain and the Commonwealth's new political stature, in light of growing calls for decolonisation and the development of the Cold War.[44] A board of studies in race relations was created in 1953, allowing for the close examination of changing attitudes and calls for racial equality throughout the world. The group broke off into an independent charity in 1958, forming the Institute of Race Relations.[45]

Following the Cuban Missile Crisis and Brazilian coup d'état, the institute developed a growing focus on the Latin American region. Che Guevara, then Cuba's Minister of Industry, wrote an analysis of 'The Cuban Economy: Its Past and Present Importance' in 1964 for International Affairs.[46]

Chatham House played a more direct role in the international affairs of the Cold War through the October 1975 Anglo-Soviet round-table, the first in a series of meetings between Chatham House and the Institute of World Economy and International Relations in Moscow. As an early example of two-track diplomacy, the meeting sought to develop closer communication and improved relations between Britain and the Soviet Union.[47]

At the start of the 1980s, the Council moved to expand the institute's research capabilities in two key emerging areas. The first modern programmes to be created under this initiative were the Energy and Research Programme and the International Economics Programme, formed in 1980 - 1981.[48]

In addition to reshaping its research practices, the institute also sought to strengthen its international network, notably amongst economically prosperous nations. For example, Chatham House's Far East programme, created with the intention of improving Anglo-Japanese relations in the long and short term, was bolstered by the support of the Japan 2000 group in 1984.[49]

Nelson Mandela delivering a speech at the Chatham House conference 'South Africa: The Opportunities for Business', 10 July 1996.

Recent history

In 1998, Chatham House launched the Angola Forum. Angola's oil reserves, combined with growing international ambition, facilitated Angola's quick ascent as an influential African nation. Chatham House said the Angola Forum was intended to create an international platform for "forward looking, policy focused and influential debate and research".[50] The institute's wider Africa Programme was created in 2002, beginning the modern structure of area studies programmes.[51]

In 2005, Security, Terrorism and the UK was published.[52]

The Chatham House Prize was launched in 2005, recognising heads of state and organisations that made a significant contribution to international relations during the previous year. Queen Elizabeth II presented the debut award to Ukrainian President Victor Yushchenko.[53]

In January 2013, the Institute announced its Academy for Leadership in International Affairs, offering potential and established world leaders a 12-month fellowship at the institution with the aim of providing "a unique programme of activities and training to develop a new generation of leaders in international affairs." In November 2014, The Queen formally launched the academy under the title of the "Queen Elizabeth II Academy for Leadership in International Affairs."[54]

The Institute celebrated its centenary in 2020 with a series of events and initiatives such as the SNF CoLab, the Common Futures Conversations project, and the introduction of a panel of young advisers,[55] plus three Chatham House Centenary Awards[56] for Sir David Attenborough, Melina Abdullah and Greta Thunberg.

In April 2022, Russia designated Chatham House as an "undesirable organisation".[57]

Christopher Sabatini, a senior fellow at Chatham House, leads a project promoting opposition to the Venezuelan government of Nicholas Maduro. After Juan Guaidó failed to replace Maduro as president, Sabatini said "The current strategy on Venezuela hasn't worked, so we have to try something else. The Guaidó government was a failure but it did provide a rallying point which no longer exists".[58]

Recent reports

In 2015, several reports were published by Chatham House, including Nigeria's Booming Borders: The Drivers and Consequences of Unrecorded Trade, which urges formalising trade and driving more sustainable and less volatile growth;[59] Changing Climate, Changing Diets: Pathways to Lower Meat Consumption examines a reduction in global meat consumption as critical to keeping global warming below the "danger level" of two degrees Celsius;[60] Heat, Light and Power for Refugees: Saving Lives, Reducing Costs examines the reasons why energy provision to displaced people undermines the fundamental humanitarian aims of assistance;[61] and Towards a New Global Business Model for Antibiotics: Delinking Revenues from Sales argued for revenues for pharmaceutical companies to be de-linked from sales of antibiotics to avoid their over-use and avert a public health crisis.[62]

In 2016, Chatham House published Elite Perceptions of the United States in Latin America and the Post-Soviet States, examining how elites in Latin America and the former Soviet Union view the United States, and providing recommendations on how the US could adjust its policies based on these perceptions.[63]

2017 reports included The Struggle for Ukraine, an exploration of how, four years after its Euromaidan revolution, of Ukraine's fight for survival as an independent and viable state;[64] and Chokepoints and Vulnerabilities in Global Food Trade advocates for policymakers to take immediate action to mitigate the risk of severe disruption at certain ports, maritime straits, and inland transport routes, which could have devastating knock-on effects for global food security;[65] Collective Action on Corruption in Nigeria: A Social Norms Approach to Connecting Society and Institutions examines how anti-corruption efforts could be made significantly more effective through new ways of understanding why people engage in the practice;[66] and America's International Role Under Donald Trump explores the impact of US President Donald Trump's personality and style—brash, unpredictable, contradictory and thin-skinned—on his engagement in foreign affairs.[67]

Major reports in 2018 included Transatlantic Relations: Converging or Diverging? which argues that the longer-term fundamentals of the transatlantic relationship remain strong.[68] as well as Making Concrete Change: Innovation in Low-carbon Cement and Concrete exploring why significant changes in how cement and concrete are produced and used are urgently needed to achieve deep cuts in emissions in line with the Paris Agreement on climate change,[69] and Artificial Intelligence and International Affairs arguing the rise of AI must be better managed in the near term in order to mitigate longer term risks and to ensure that AI does not reinforce existing inequalities.[70]

2019 saw three major reports produced. The UK and Japan makes the case that a stronger relationship could advance each country's ability to address shared global concerns.[71] Conflict Economies in the Middle East and North Africa examines the common economic factors that continue to drive conflict in Iraq, Libya, Syria and Yemen.[72] And Kazakhstan: Tested by Transition examines if the country can pursue modernisation and reform, and break from its authoritarian past.[73]

In 2020 and 2021, there were reports on The Business Case for Investment in Nutrition claiming to be the first of its kind to reveal the hidden costs of malnutrition for business, and the extent to which these costs are recognised and addressed by multinational companies[74] and Myths and misconceptions in the debate on Russia which aims to deconstruct sixteen of the most prevalent myths and misconceptions that shape contemporary Western thinking on Russia.[75]

Distinctions

In November 2016, Chatham House was named Prospect magazine's Think-Tank of the Year, as well as the winner in the UK categories for International Affairs and Energy and Environment.[76]

In the University of Pennsylvania's rankings for 2017, Chatham House was ranked the think tank of the year, and the second-most influential in the world after the Brookings Institution, and the world's most influential non-U.S. think tank.[77]

Officers

Robin Niblett meeting with China's State Councillor Dai Bingguo

The chairman of the Council of Chatham House is Sir Nigel Sheinwald GCMG,[78] and its director and CEO is Bronwen Maddox.[79] Maddox took over in 2022 from Sir Robin Niblett, who had been director of Chatham House for 15 years.[80]

Research directors are Tim Benton, Patricia Lewis, Creon Butler, and Alex Vines.

Chatham House has three presidents: Lord Darling of Roulanish, former Chancellor of the Exchequer, Baroness Manningham-Buller, a crossbench peer and former Director General of MI5, and Helen Clark, former prime minister of New Zealand.[81]

Funding

During the 2020/2021 year, Chatham's largest donors were the MAVA Foundation which provided over ₤5,000,000 and the UK Foreign, Commonwealth and Development Office, which provided over ₤1,000,000. The charitable organisation Robert Bosch Stiftung and the Japanese Ministry of Foreign Affairs provided between ₤500,000 and ₤1,000,000 each.[82]

In November 2022, the funding transparency website Who Funds You? gave the Chatham a C grade (rating goes from A to E).[83]

See also

References

  1. ↑ Michela Rosso, "Georgian London revisited." The London Journal 26.2 (2001): 35–50.
  2. ↑ Ziff, Bruce H. (1 January 2000). Unforeseen Legacies: Reuben Wells Leonard and the Leonard Foundation Trust. University of Toronto Press. p. 52. ISBN 9780802083685. Archived from the original on 30 July 2023. Retrieved 10 July 2020.
  3. ↑ "Become a member". Chatham House. Archived from the original on 21 January 2015. Retrieved 22 January 2015.
  4. ↑ Richard Horton, "Offline: The Chatham House Rule, over-ruled." The Lancet 375.9732 (2010): 2132.
  5. ↑ "Our departments". Chatham House. Archived from the original on 26 June 2022. Retrieved 23 November 2023.
  6. ↑ "Sustainability Accelerator". Chatham House – International Affairs Think Tank. Archived from the original on 7 March 2022. Retrieved 17 November 2021.
  7. ↑ Chatham House (September 2016). "Chatham House Events". TheatreSmart.com. Archived from the original on 18 November 2017. Retrieved 1 December 2019.
  8. ↑ "Journal of Cyber Policy". Chatham House – International Affairs Think Tank. Archived from the original on 28 November 2021. Retrieved 17 November 2021.
  9. ↑ "Publications". Chatham House. Archived from the original on 15 June 2022. Retrieved 7 July 2022.
  10. 1 2 3 4 5 6 "Chatham House Prize". Chatham House. Archived from the original on 5 April 2014. Retrieved 1 December 2019.
  11. ↑ "Lula: Brazil's Olympic Champion". Latinbusinesschronicle.com. 6 October 2009. Archived from the original on 28 November 2010. Retrieved 5 June 2010.
  12. ↑ "Gül winner of prestigious Chatham House award". Todayszaman.com. 20 March 2010. Archived from the original on 16 October 2012. Retrieved 5 June 2010.
  13. ↑ "Winner of prestigious Chatham House award 2011". chathamhouse.org. 2 December 2011. Archived from the original on 13 May 2018. Retrieved 2 December 2011.
  14. ↑ "Hillary Clinton voted Chatham House Prize winner" (Press release). Chatham House. 28 August 2013. Archived from the original on 25 September 2015. Retrieved 12 November 2013.
  15. ↑ "Winner of prestigious Chatham House award 2014". 21 November 2014. Archived from the original on 27 June 2015. Retrieved 6 February 2015.
  16. ↑ "Médecins Sans Frontières (MSF) Awarded 2015 Chatham House Prize". 22 June 2015. Archived from the original on 26 June 2015. Retrieved 25 June 2015.
  17. 1 2 "John Kerry and Mohammad Javad Zarif named winners of the Chatham House Prize 2016". Chatham House. 24 October 2016. Archived from the original on 26 October 2016. Retrieved 25 October 2016.
  18. ↑ "President Juan Manuel Santos named winner of the Chatham House Prize 2017". chathamhouse.org. Archived from the original on 19 October 2017.
  19. ↑ "The Committee to Protect Journalists named winner of the Chatham House Prize 2018". Chatham House – International Affairs Think Tank. 8 October 2018. Archived from the original on 12 May 2022. Retrieved 9 November 2020.
  20. ↑ "Sir David Attenborough and the BBC Studios Natural History Unit awarded Chatham House Prize 2019 for ocean advocacy". chathamhouse.org. 19 November 2019.
  21. ↑ "Chatham House Prize 2020: Malawi Judges Win for Election Work". chathamhouse.org. 26 October 2020. Archived from the original on 12 May 2022. Retrieved 14 April 2021.
  22. ↑ "Ukraine's President Zelenskyy awarded 2023 Chatham House Prize". chathamhouse.org. 20 June 2023. Retrieved 28 December 2023.
  23. ↑ Carrington (2004), p. 47
  24. ↑ "Our history". Chatham House – International Affairs Think Tank. Archived from the original on 30 September 2022. Retrieved 12 September 2022.
  25. 1 2 Carrington (2004), p. 48
  26. 1 2 Carrington (2004), p. 50
  27. ↑ 'Report of the Council of the Royal Institute of International Affairs to the 7th AGM' in The Royal Institute of International Affairs Annual Reports 1926–1931, (London: Chatham House, 1931), p. 3.
  28. ↑ 'Report of the Council of the Royal Institute of International Affairs to the 7th AGM' in The Royal Institute of International Affairs Annual Reports 1926–1931, (London: Chatham House, 1931), p. 11.
  29. ↑ 'Report of the 8th AGM' in Annual Reports 1926–1931, p. 3
  30. ↑ 'Report of the 11th AGM' in Annual Reports 1926–1931, p. 31.
  31. ↑ 'Report of the 11th AGM' in Annual Reports 1926–1931, pp. 5–6.
  32. ↑ Chatham House: Its History and Inhabitants, C. E. Carrington, Revised and updated by Mary Bone, The Royal Institute of International Affairs, 2004.
  33. ↑ Obituary of Ivison Macadam published in The Times, London, 31 December 1974 by Kenneth Younger
  34. ↑ The Institute then owned the freeholds covering a rectangle of properties fronting on 10 and 9 in St. James's Square on the south running north bordered on the east by Duke of York Street to the properties on Ormand Yard on the north (the mews immediately south of Jermyn Street). These freehold properties also later proved to be a valuable financial asset when in the 1960s the northern properties were redeveloped to provide additional annual income for the Institute. Chatham House: Its History and Inhabitants, C. E. Carrington, Revised and updated by Mary Bone, The Royal Institute of International Affairs, 2004.
  35. ↑ "The International Gold Problem, 1931-2011". Archived from the original on 20 February 2014. Retrieved 27 January 2014.
  36. ↑ Kisch, C.H. "The Gold Problem" (PDF). Chatham House. Archived from the original (PDF) on 26 June 2013. Retrieved 31 January 2014.
  37. 1 2 "Sir Norman Angell - Facts". Nobelprize.org. 7 October 1967. Archived from the original on 12 July 2014. Retrieved 4 August 2014.
  38. ↑ McIntyre, W. David (2008). "The Unofficial Commonwealth Relations Conferences, 1933–59: Precursors of the Tri-sector Commonwealth". Journal of Imperial and Commonwealth History. 36 (4): 591–614. doi:10.1080/03086530802560992. S2CID 144450441.
  39. ↑ Chatham House: Its History and Inhabitants, C.E.Carrington and Mary Bone, Royal Institute of International Affairs, 2004. p 114.
  40. ↑ 'Report of the 13th AGM' in The Royal Institute of International Affairs Annual Reports 1931-1932, pp. 9-10.
  41. ↑ Chatham House: Its history and inhabitants, C. E. Carrington and Mary Bone, Royal Institute of International Affairs, p 114
  42. ↑ Chatham House and British Foreign Policy, 1919-1945, Edited by Andrea Bosco & Cornelia Nevari, Lothian Foundation Press, 1994, p146.
  43. 1 2 3 4 Carrington (2004), pp. 63–64
  44. ↑ Julius, Dr. DeAnne. "Impartial and International" (PDF). Chatham House. Archived from the original (PDF) on 18 October 2012. Retrieved 24 January 2014.
  45. ↑ "About | Institute of Race Relations". Irr.org.uk. Archived from the original on 5 July 2019. Retrieved 4 August 2014.
  46. ↑ The Royal Institute of International Affairs Annual Reports, 1964-1965, p. 3.
  47. ↑ The Royal Institute of International Affairs Annual Reports, 1975-1976, p. 3.
  48. ↑ The Royal Institute of International Affairs Annual Reports, 1980–1981, p. 9.
  49. ↑ The Royal Institute of International Affairs Annual Reports, 1984-1985, p. 7.
  50. ↑ "Angola Forum". Chatham House. Archived from the original on 22 January 2015. Retrieved 22 January 2015.
  51. ↑ "Africa Programme". Chatham House. Archived from the original on 22 January 2015. Retrieved 22 January 2015.
  52. ↑ "International Security Department". Chatham House. Archived from the original on 8 October 2015. Retrieved 17 June 2018.
  53. ↑ "Impartial and International" (PDF). Chathamhouse.org. Archived from the original (PDF) on 18 October 2012. Retrieved 3 February 2014.
  54. ↑ "Academy for Leadership in International Affairs". Chatham House. Archived from the original on 29 December 2021. Retrieved 17 November 2021.
  55. ↑ "Our Centenary". Chatham House. Archived from the original on 21 March 2022. Retrieved 17 November 2021.
  56. ↑ "The Chatham House Centenary Award winners announced". Chatham House. 29 July 2021. Archived from the original on 10 January 2022. Retrieved 17 November 2021.
  57. ↑ "Генпрокуратура РФ объявила "нежелательной организацией" британский Королевский институт международных отношений ("Чатем-Хаус")". Meduza (in Russian). 8 April 2022. Archived from the original on 8 April 2022. Retrieved 8 April 2022.
  58. ↑ Stott, Michael; Daniels, Joe; Silva, Vanessa (5 March 2023). "How Venezuela's Nicolás Maduro outfoxed the west". www.ft.com. Retrieved 25 November 2023.
  59. ↑ Hoffmann, L.K. and Melly, P. (December 2015). "Nigeria's Booming Borders: The Drivers and Consequences of Unrecorded Trade". Chathamhouse.org. Archived from the original on 11 May 2018. Retrieved 21 July 2020.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)
  60. ↑ Wellesley, L.; et al. (November 2015). "Changing Climate, Changing Diets: Pathways to Lower Meat Consumption". Chathamhouse.org. Archived from the original on 23 December 2017. Retrieved 21 July 2020.
  61. ↑ Lahn, G. and Grafham, O. (November 2015). "Heat, Light and Power for Refugees: Saving Lives, Reducing Costs". Chathamhouse.org. Archived from the original on 22 April 2020. Retrieved 21 July 2020.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)
  62. ↑ Clift, C.; et al. (October 2015). "Towards a New Global Business Model for Antibiotics: Delinking Revenues from Sales". Chathamhouse.org. Archived from the original on 27 February 2020. Retrieved 21 July 2020.
  63. ↑ Parakilas, J. (September 2016). "Elite Perceptions of the United States in Latin America and the Post-Soviet States". Chathamhouse.org. Archived from the original on 11 May 2018. Retrieved 21 July 2020.
  64. ↑ Lutsevych, O.; et al. (October 2017). "The Struggle for Ukraine". Chathamhouse.org. Archived from the original on 1 December 2017. Retrieved 10 May 2018.
  65. ↑ Bailey, R. and Wellesley, L. (June 2017). "Chokepoints and Vulnerabilities in Global Food Trade". Chathamhouse.org. Archived from the original on 25 October 2019. Retrieved 21 July 2020.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)
  66. ↑ Hoffmann, L.K. and Patel, R.N. (May 2017). "Collective Action on Corruption in Nigeria: A Social Norms Approach to Connecting Society and Institutions". Chathamhouse.org. Archived from the original on 11 May 2018. Retrieved 21 July 2020.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)
  67. ↑ Wickett, X.; et al. (January 2017). "America's International Role Under Donald Trump". Chathamhouse.org. Archived from the original on 11 May 2018. Retrieved 21 July 2020.
  68. ↑ Wickett, X. (January 2018). "Transatlantic Relations: Converging or Diverging?". Chathamhouse.org. Archived from the original on 8 November 2019. Retrieved 21 July 2020.
  69. ↑ Lehne J & Preston F. (June 2018). "Making Concrete Change: Innovation in Low-carbon Cement and Concrete". Chathamhouse.org. Archived from the original on 19 December 2018. Retrieved 17 November 2021.
  70. ↑ "Artificial Intelligence and International Affairs". Chathamhouse.org. June 2018. Archived from the original on 13 December 2021. Retrieved 17 November 2021.
  71. ↑ "The UK and Japan". Chathamhouse.org. May 2019. Archived from the original on 22 February 2022. Retrieved 17 November 2021.
  72. ↑ "Conflict Economies in the Middle East and North Africa". Chathamhouse.org. June 2019. Archived from the original on 6 September 2021. Retrieved 17 November 2021.
  73. ↑ "Kazakhstan: Tested by Transition". Chathamhouse.org. November 2019. Archived from the original on 6 January 2022. Retrieved 17 November 2021.
  74. ↑ "The Business Case for Investment in Nutrition". Chathamhouse.org. July 2020. Archived from the original on 15 November 2021. Retrieved 17 November 2021.
  75. ↑ "Myths and misconceptions in the debate on Russia". Chathamhouse.org. May 2021. Archived from the original on 27 October 2021. Retrieved 17 November 2021.
  76. ↑ Team, Prospect. "Think Tank Awards 2016: the winners". Archived from the original on 14 January 2018. Retrieved 5 January 2018.
  77. ↑ "2017 Think Tank Rankings - Cheat Sheet". www.thinktankwatch.com. Archived from the original on 25 December 2017. Retrieved 5 January 2018.
  78. ↑ "Nigel Sheinwald". Chatham House. Archived from the original on 16 September 2021. Retrieved 17 November 2021.
  79. ↑ "Bronwen Maddox". Chatham House. Archived from the original on 21 October 2022. Retrieved 2 December 2022.
  80. ↑ "Robin Niblett | Chatham House – International Affairs Think Tank". Chatham House – International Affairs Think Tank. Archived from the original on 7 June 2023. Retrieved 5 June 2023.
  81. ↑ "Our Governance". Chatham House – International Affairs Think Tank. Archived from the original on 25 October 2021. Retrieved 9 January 2022.
  82. ↑ "Donors to Chatham House". Chatham House – International Affairs Think Tank. Archived from the original on 25 July 2022. Retrieved 23 June 2022.
  83. ↑ "Who Funds You? Chatham House". Archived from the original on 22 November 2022. Retrieved 22 November 2022.

Bibliography

  • Bosco, A., and C. Navari, eds. Chatham House and British Foreign Policy, 1919–1945: The Royal Institute of International Affairs During the Interwar Period (London, 1994).
  • Carrington, Charles (2004). Chatham House: Its History and Inhabitants. Chatham House. ISBN 1-86203-154-1.
  • Morgan, R. "'To Advance the Sciences of International Politics...': Chatham House’s Early Research", International Affairs, 55:2 (1979), 240–251.
  • Parmar, I. "Anglo-American Elites in the Interwar Years: Idealism and Power in Chatham House and the Council on Foreign Relations", International Relations 16:53 (2002), 53–75.
  • Perry, Jamie Kenneth John. "Chatham House, The United Nations Association and the politics of foreign policy, c. 1945–1975" (PhD Diss. University of Birmingham, 2015) online.
  • Thorne, Christopher. "Chatham House, Whitehall, and Far Eastern Issues: 1941–1945", International Affairs, 54:1 (1978), 1–29.
  • Williams, Paul. "A Commonwealth of knowledge: Empire, intellectuals and the Chatham House Project, 1919–1939." International Relations 17.1 (2003): 35–58.
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