Charles Lewis Tiffany
Born(1812-02-15)February 15, 1812
Killingly, Connecticut, U.S.
DiedFebruary 18, 1902(1902-02-18) (aged 90)
Yonkers, New York, U.S.
Resting placeGreen-Wood Cemetery
SpouseHarriet Olivia Avery Young (1817–1897)
Children6, including Louis Comfort Tiffany
RelativesDorothy Burlingham (granddaughter)
AwardsLegion of Honour (chevalier)
Signature

Charles Lewis Tiffany (February 15, 1812 – February 18, 1902) was an American businessman and jeweler who founded New York City's Tiffany & Co. in 1837. Known for his jewelry expertise, Tiffany created the country's first retail catalog and introduced the English standard of sterling silver in imported jewelry in 1851.[1]

Biography

Charles Lewis Tiffany (left) in his store, about 1887

Tiffany was born on February 15, 1812, in Killingly, Connecticut, the son of Chloe (Draper) and Comfort Tiffany.[2] Tiffany was educated at a district school and an academy in Plainfield, Connecticut. Starting at the age of fifteen, he helped manage a small general store founded by his father, the owner of a cotton-manufacturing company. He later worked at the office of his father's mill. The Tiffany family descended from the immigrant Squire Humphrey Tiffany (England, 1630 – Swansea, Massachusetts, 1685),[3][4] who had lived in the Massachusetts Bay Colony since 1660.[5]

In 1837, with $1,000 borrowed from his father, Tiffany and a school friend, John B. Young, set up a small stationery and gift shop in New York City. Their first day in business brought only $4.98 in sales, but two years later they were still in business, selling glassware, porcelain, cutlery, clocks, and jewelry.[5] The store expanded in 1841, when the owners changed its name to Tiffany, Young, and Ellis. The store established a reputation for selling only the finest goods and specialized in Bohemian glass and porcelain. It also began manufacturing its own jewelry. In 1848, when political unrest in Europe depreciated the market in precious stones, Tiffany invested heavily in diamonds, which were sold at a great profit a few years later.[6]

In 1853, the company was reorganized under the name Tiffany and Company,[6] and opened branches in Paris (1850) and London (1868). The store also relocated uptown to a Fifth Avenue site in that decade.[5] At the beginning of the American Civil War, foreseeing that the jewelry business would suffer, Tiffany turned most of his capital to the manufacture of swords, medals, and other war materials.[6]

Tiffany was publicly embarrassed in an 1872 diamond and gemstone hoax perpetrated by Philip Arnold that cost investors more than half a million dollars.

In collaboration with Thomas Edison, Tiffany created footlights and other devices for theater lighting.[7] As a result, Broadway shows became more popular.

The firm acquired and sold some of the French Crown Jewels in 1887, solidifying its reputation as merchants of high quality.[8]

Gravestone in Green-Wood Cemetery

Charles Tiffany died at his home in Manhattan on February 18, 1902, at age ninety.[9] At the time of his death, his company was capitalized at more than $2 million and was acknowledged as the most prominent jewelry company in North America.[5]

Personal life

Home, Madison Avenue & 72nd Street

On November 30, 1841,[10] Tiffany married John B. Young's sister, Harriet Olivia Avery Young (1817–1897), with whom he had six children: Charles Lewis Tiffany Jr. (1842–1847), Annie Olivia Tiffany Mitchell (1844–1937; grandmother of Hiram Bingham IV through her daughter Alfreda Mitchell; she was the first wife of Hiram Bingham III, one of the first explorers to Machu Picchu, Peru),[11][12] Louis Comfort Tiffany (1848–1933), Louise Harriet Tiffany (1856–1937), Henry Charles Tiffany (1858–1859), and Burnett Young Tiffany (1860–1945).

Tiffany was a patron of the Metropolitan Museum of Art and one of the founders of the New York Society of Fine Arts.[5]

Honors

Tiffany was made a chevalier of the Legion of Honor in 1878.[6]

References

  1. ↑ "Tiffany & Co. For The Press | About Tiffany & Co. | A Legacy of Sterling Silver | United States". press.tiffany.com. Retrieved August 14, 2018.
  2. ↑ Hannan, Caryn (January 1, 2008). Connecticut Biographical Dictionary. State History Publications. ISBN 9781878592590 – via Google Books.
  3. ↑ "Tiffany Playground Highlights : NYC Parks". www.nycgovparks.org.
  4. ↑ Heydt, G. F. (1893). Charles L. Tiffany and the House of Tiffany & Co. Tiffany & Company.
  5. 1 2 3 4 5 Roth, David M., editor, and Grenier, Judith Arnold, associate editor, Connecticut History and Culture: An Historical overview and Resource Guide for Teachers, published by the Connecticut Historical Commission, 1985, page 155
  6. 1 2 3 4 One or more of the preceding sentences incorporates text from a publication now in the public domain: Chisholm, Hugh, ed. (1911). "Tiffany, Charles Lewis". Encyclopædia Britannica. Vol. 26 (11th ed.). Cambridge University Press. p. 966.
  7. ↑ "History of Tiffany Lamps & Lampshades". www.tiffanyshades.com. Retrieved April 9, 2018.
  8. ↑ "Tiffany & Co. | Biographies | Charles Lewis Tiffany |".
  9. ↑ "Charles L. Tiffany Dead". New-York Tribune. February 19, 1902. p. 3. Retrieved December 5, 2021 – via Newspapers.com.
  10. ↑ "Married: Mr. Charles L. Tiffany". New-York Tribune. December 1, 1841. p. 3. Retrieved December 5, 2021 – via Newspapers.com.
  11. ↑ "Hiram Bingham; Diplomat, 84". The New York Times. January 17, 1988. p. 34. Retrieved December 5, 2021.
  12. ↑ "Illustrations from the Tiffany Fortune: Founder of Tiffany & Co., Charles Tiffany with his granddaughter Alfreda Mitchell, 1877". tiffanyfortne.com. October 12, 2007. Retrieved June 9, 2013.
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