Bishop of Rapid City

On April 11, 1988, Chaput was appointed bishop of the Diocese of Rapid City by John Paul II. He was consecrated on July 26, 1988, by Archbishop Pio Laghi, with Archbishop John Roach and Archbishop James Stafford serving as co-consecrators.^[8]

Chaput was the second priest of Native American ancestry to be consecrated a bishop in the United States, after Bishop Donald Pelotte. He was the first Native American to be consecrated as an ordinary bishop rather than a titular bishop. He chose as his episcopal motto: "As Christ Loved the Church" from Ephesians 5:25.

Archbishop of Denver

On February 18, 1997, Chaput was appointed by John Paul II as archbishop of the Archdiocese of Denver, replacing Archbishop James Stafford. ^[8][9]In 2007, Chaput delivered the commencement address at Denver's Augustine Institute. In 2008, he became the episcopal moderator of the Tekakwitha Conference.

In 2007, Chaput conducted an apostolic visitation to the Diocese of Toowoomba in Queensland, Australia, on behalf of the Congregation for Bishops. The Vatican was concerned by statements that Bishop Bill Morris had made regarding the ordination of women.^[10] In May 2011, Pope Benedict XVI removed Morris as bishop of Toowoomba after he refused to resign.^[11]

Chaput was one of five bishops who conducted a Vatican-ordered investigation into the Legionaries of Christ in 2009 to 2010. The investigation was prompted by sexual abuse accusations against the group's founder, Reverend Marcial Maciel, who had been removed from ministry in 2006^{[12][13] [14]}

Archbishop of Philadelphia

On July 19, 2011, Chaput was appointed as archbishop of the Archdiocese of Philadelphia by Pope Benedict XVI.^[15] He succeeded Cardinal Justin Rigali, who had reached retirement age of 75 in April 2010.^[16] Chaput's strong record in handling cases of sexual abuse by priests was cited as a rationale for his appointment.^[17] He was installed on September 8, 2011.

From August 17 to 19, 2011, Chaput gave catechesis at the World Youth Day 2011 in Madrid, Spain,^[18] similar to the function he performed at the 2008 World Youth Day in Sydney.^[19] On November 14, 2014, at a meeting of the United States Conference of Catholic Bishops (USCCB), Chaput was elected as a delegate to the 2015 Synod of Bishops on the Family pending Vatican approval.^[20] Though Chaput led a historically important see and his five immediate predecessors were cardinals, Benedict XVI did not appoint him a cardinal in his two 2012 consistories, nor did Pope Francis in any of his.^[21][22]

Pope Francis accepted Chaput's letter of resignation as archbishop of Philadelphia on January 23, 2020.^[23]

Politics

In his book Render unto Caesar: Serving the Nation by Living Our Catholic Beliefs in Political Life, Chaput exhorts Catholics to take a "more active, vocal, and morally consistent role" in the political process, arguing that private convictions cannot be separated from public actions without diminishing both. Rather than asking citizens to put aside their religious and moral beliefs for the sake of public policy, Chaput believed that American democracy depended upon a fully engaged citizenry, including religious believers, to function properly.^[24]

Abortion

Chaput has stated that absolute loyalty to the Church's teachings on core, bioethical, and natural law doctrinal issues must be a higher priority for Catholics than their identity as Americans, their party affiliation and agenda and the laws of their country; Chaput also argues that for a Catholic, loyalty to God is more important than any other identity. He says that the martyrs and confessors gave witness to this importance.^[25]

Regarding whether Catholic politicians who support abortion rights for women should be denied communion, Chaput has written that, while denying anyone the Eucharist is a "very grave matter" that should be used only in "extraordinary cases of public scandal", those who are "living in serious sin or who deny the teachings of the Church" should voluntarily refrain from receiving communion.^[26]

The New York Times in 2004 reported that Chaput said it was sinful for Catholics to vote for Democratic US presidential nominee Senator John Kerry. He noted Kerry's views on abortion rights, among others. According to the Times, Chaput said that anyone voting for Kerry was "cooperating in evil" and needed "to go to confession". After the interview, Chaput criticized The New York Times for the way it construed his remarks. The archdiocese criticized the article as being "heavily truncated and framed" and posted a full transcript of it.^[27] He stopped responding to the paper's inquiries for six years, in part because he believed the Times had misrepresented him.^[28] Chaput was seen by some critics as "part of a group of bishops intent on throwing the weight of the Catholic Church into the elections".^[29] In public comments, his linkage of the eucharist to the policy stances of political candidates and their supporters were seen as a politicization of moral theology.^[30]

In 2009, Chaput criticized a "spirit of adulation bordering on servility" toward President Barack Obama, remarking that "in democracies, we elect public servants, not messiahs". He said that Obama tried to mask his record on abortion rights and other issues with "rosy marketing about unity, hope, and change". Chaput also dismissed the notion that Obama was given a broad mandate, saying that he was elected to "fix an economic crisis" and not to "retool American culture on the issues of marriage and the family, sexuality, bioethics, religion in public life, and abortion".^[31]

Chaput in September 2016 said that the 2016 American presidential election offered Americans the "worst choice in 50 years". In his view, both Donald Trump and former Secretary of State Hillary Clinton were "deeply flawed" candidates.^[32]

Gun control

Following the 2019 mass shootings in El Paso, Texas, and Dayton, Ohio, Chaput wrote that he supports background checks for purchasers of firearms, but added this comment:

"Only a fool can believe that 'gun control' will solve the problem of mass violence. The people using the guns in these loathsome incidents are moral agents with twisted hearts. And the twisting is done by the culture of sexual anarchy, personal excess, political hatreds, intellectual dishonesty, and perverted freedoms that we've systematically created over the past half-century".^[33]

LGBT rights

Chaput opposes same-sex marriage and questioned the upbringing of children of same-sex couples. He has said that same-sex couples cannot show children that their parents love each other in the same way that opposite-sex couples can.^[34]

In 2015, Chaput supported the dismissal of Margie Winters, the director of religious education at Waldron Mercy Academy in Merion Station, Pennsylvania. Winters had married her female partner in a civil marriage ceremony in 2007. When a parent reported their marriage to Waldron, Principal Nell Stetser asked Winters to resign; when she refused, the school did not renew her contract.^[35] Chaput said the school administrators had shown "character and common sense at a moment when both seem to be uncommon".^[36][37][38]

On October 4, 2018, at the Synod on Young People and Vocations in Rome Chaput objected to the use of the terms "LGBT" or "LGBTQ" in church documents. He said:

"There is no such thing as an ‘LGBTQ Catholic' or a 'transgender Catholic' or even a 'heterosexual Catholic,' as if our sexual appetites defined who we are; as if these designations described discrete communities of differing but equal integrity within the real ecclesial community, the body of Jesus Christ."

Sexual abuse

Chaput has denounced what he sees as a lack of orthodoxy in the church. He accused past Catholic leaders of "ignorance, cowardice and laziness in forming young people to carry the faith into the future."^[39] On March 27, 2019, in a speech to Ohio seminarians, he blamed sexual abuse in the Catholic Church on "a pattern of predatory homosexuality and a failure to weed that out from church life".^[40][41][42]

Immigration reform

Chaput advocates reform of immigration laws to regularize the status of most undocumented immigrants as a moral imperative.^[43]