Carlo V. Bellieni (Siena, Italy, 1962- ) is an Italian neonatologist and a bioethicist.[1] He served as Secretary of the Bioethics Committee of the Italian Pediatrics Society.[2] He is a member of the ethical board of the Siena Biotech research facility and the Ethical Board of the Siena University Hospital where he directs the neonatal intensive therapy unit.[3][4] He follows the empirical approach in bioethics, which emphasizes realism, reason, and empathy. Bellieni authored numerous clinical research papers in international scientific journals,[5][6] and several books on neonatal pain and bioethics.

Studies on infant pain

Bellieni created and developed a new method of nonpharmacological analgesia called "sensorial saturation",[7] based on the simultaneous administration of gentle stimuli (touch, taste and voice) to the baby during a painful procedure. This method is reported among the most effective for pain in babies. Bellieni also performed studies on babies' crying and developing a pain scale based on acoustical analysis of crying.[8]

Bellieni performed several analyses on babies' crying and showed that it is not useful to detect the cause that provoked it; nonetheless, it contain a sort of protolanguage, namely the patterns of crying change dramatically when it exceeds a certain pain threshold.[9]

Studies on crying and weeping

Bellieni analysed weeping behavior and concluded that most animals can cry, but only humans have psychoemotional tears, also known as weeping. Weeping induces empathy perhaps with the mediation of the mirror neurons network and influences mood through hormone release elicited by tears’ massage effect on cheeks or through relief from sobbing rhythm.[10]

Laughter

Laughter is a form of alarm siren that informs bystanders a worrying event is over.[11] According to Bellieni's studies, the characteristic worrying event is finding a "stiff" behavior within a "fluid" one: this contrast frightens us, and finding it resolved is a sudden joy that can be communicated to others. Laughter is rhythmic because it should have features of a real alarm siren to share this ceased alarm.[12]

References

  1. ↑ Alfano, Sean (16 August 2006). "TV Can Reduce Stress For Kids". CBS.
  2. ↑ "LIBRI: MEDICO CATTOLICO SCOPRE UN DOTTOR HOUSE BUONO /ANSA". Regione Toscana. 2 April 2009. Archived from the original on 7 September 2012.
  3. ↑ Colina, Jesus (26 May 2010). "Vatican Considering Ethics of "Synthetic Life"". Catholic.net.
  4. ↑ Sanderson, Katharine (2008). "Incubators seen to change babies' heartbeats". Nature. doi:10.1038/news.2008.790.
  5. ↑ "Worry over incubator 'emissions'". BBC News. 4 May 2008.
  6. ↑ "TV 'can numb pain for children'". BBC News. 17 August 2006.
  7. ↑ Bellieni CV, Buonocore G, Nenci A, Franci N, Cordelli DM, Bagnoli F (2001). "Sensorial saturation: an effective analgesic tool for heel-prick in preterm infants: a prospective randomized trial". Biology of the Neonate. 80 (1): 15–8. doi:10.1159/000047113. PMID 11474143. S2CID 40344983.
  8. ↑ Bellieni CV, et al. (2005). "Development and validation of the ABC pain scale for healthy full-term babies". Acta Paediatr. 94 (10): 1432–6. doi:10.1111/j.1651-2227.2005.tb01816.x. PMID 16299876. S2CID 23057839.
  9. ↑ Bellieni CV, et al. (2005). "Cry features reflect pain intensity in term newborns: an alarm threshold". Pediatric Research. 55 (1): 142–6. doi:10.1203/01.PDR.0000099793.99608.CB. PMID 14605260.
  10. ↑ Bellieni, C. V. (1 December 2017). "Meaning and importance of weeping". New Ideas in Psychology. 47: 72–76. doi:10.1016/j.newideapsych.2017.06.003.
  11. ↑ Bellieni, Carlo V. (1 January 2023). "Laughter: A signal of ceased alarm toward a perceived incongruity between life and stiffness". New Ideas in Psychology. 68: 100977. doi:10.1016/j.newideapsych.2022.100977. S2CID 251826870.
  12. ↑ "Why do we laugh? New study considers possible evolutionary reasons behind this very human behaviour".


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