Veere
Ter Veere (Zeeuws)
Municipality and town
The city of Veere in 2007
The city of Veere in 2007
Flag of Veere
Flag
Coat of arms of Veere
Coat of arms
Highlighted position of Veere in a municipal map of Zeeland
Location in Zeeland
Coordinates: 51°32′53″N 3°40′00″E / 51.54806°N 3.66667°E / 51.54806; 3.66667
CountryNetherlands
ProvinceZeeland
Government
[1]
 • BodyMunicipal council
 • MayorFrederiek Schouwenaar (VVD)
Area
[2]
 • Total206.55 km2 (79.75 sq mi)
 • Land132.56 km2 (51.18 sq mi)
 • Water73.99 km2 (28.57 sq mi)
Elevation
[3]
0 m (0 ft)
Population
 (January 2021)[4]
 • Total21,953
 • Density166/km2 (430/sq mi)
Time zoneUTC+1 (CET)
 • Summer (DST)UTC+2 (CEST)
Postcode
4350–4379
Area code0118
Websitewww.veere.nl
Municipality of Veere in 2015

Veere (Dutch: [ˈveːrə] ⓘ; Zeelandic: Ter Veere) is a municipality with a population of 22,000 and a town with a population of 1,500 in the southwestern Netherlands, in the region of Walcheren in the province of Zeeland.

History

The name Veere means "ferry": Wolfert Van Borssele established a ferry and ferry house there in 1281. This ferry he called the "camper-veer" or "Ferry of Campu" by which name Camphire it was known, at least in England, until the seventeenth century.[5] It eventually became known as "de Veer". In the same year 1281 Wolfert also built the castle Sandenburg on one of the dikes he had built. On 12 November 1282, Count Floris V. thereupon issued a charter by which Wolfert received the sovereignty to the land and castle with the ferry and ferry house. From that time on Wolfert was given the title of Lord Van der Veer.[6] Veere received city rights in 1355.

The church in Veere, by Jan van der Heyden (1637–1712)

The "Admiraliteit van Veere" (Admiralty of Veere) was set up as a result of the Ordinance on the Admiralty of 8 January 1488 in an attempt to create a central naval administration in the Burgundian Netherlands. To this was subordinated the Vice-Admiralty of Flanders in Dunkirk. In 1560 under admiral Philip de Montmorency, Count of Hoorn, this admiralty relocated near Ghent and in 1561 the Habsburg naval forces were also moved to Veere.

Veere functioned as the staple port for Scotland[7] between 1541[8] and 1799. In Scotland it was known as Campvere.[9] Until the Anglo-Dutch wars it was an important trading port for the import among other things, of saffron from East Anglian ports such as Wells.[10]

Flemish architects Antonis Keldermans and Evert Spoorwater designed the Grote Kerk, the fortifications, the Cisterne and the town hall. During this period of prosperity, the cultural centre was located at Sandenburgh castle, the residence of the noble Van Borsele and Van Bourgondië families. Court painter Jan Gossaert van Mabuse worked here.[11] The poet Adrianus Valerius lived and worked in the city from 1591. In the 17th and 18th centuries, Veere was a prosperous trading city, with about 750 houses inside the city walls then, compared to about 300 as of 2013.

At the start of the Second World War, there was a Royal Netherlands Navy seaplane base at Veere, with six Fokker C XIV-W aircraft. On 12 May 1940 the base was bombed by He 111 bombers causing some casualties.[12] On 14 May, the seaplanes were ordered to evacuate to France and then England, eventually arriving in the Dutch East Indies where they would be destroyed in action with the Japanese in 1941 and 1942.[13] On 17 May, German infantry of SS Regiment Deutschland of the 2nd SS Panzer Division crossed onto Walcheren via the Sloedam and by 18:00 that evening, the Dutch forces on the island, including the garrison at Veere, were ordered to surrender.[14] Veere was finally liberated on 7 November 1944 by Scottish troops of the British 52nd (Lowland) Infantry Division during Operation Infatuate, the Allied assault on Walcheren. As part of the preparations for the operation, the island's sea dykes were bombed resulting in the inundation of much of the area. Unlike many other towns on the island, Veere was virtually undamaged in the fighting.[15]

As a result of the damming of the Veerse Gat inlet in 1961, the fishing fleet of Veere moved to a new home port at Colijnsplaat on Noord-Beveland.[16] As of 2013 the main business of the town is tourism.

Veere municipality reached its current expanded shape in 1997, after the addition of several neighboring towns. During the course of nearly two centuries seventeen historical municipalities have merged to become present-day Veere. Its original full name was Veere-de-Stad en Zanddijk-Binnen.

Geography

The city of Veere stands on the Veerse Meer lagoon on the island of Walcheren in the province of Zeeland in the Netherlands.

The area of the municipality of Veere is 13,496 hectares, with a coastline of 34 kilometres and a population of about 22,000.

Population centres

The population centres in the municipality are:

Tourism

The area is visited by 4 million tourists annually. The main attractions are the beaches and marinas. The Storm Surge Barrier on the Oosterschelde is the most popular visitor attraction in Zeeland.[17] The Scoutcentrum Zeeland on the coast of the Veerse Meer attracts Scout visitors from around the world[18]

In fiction

Brian McNeill, 2006

The town of Veere forms the setting for "Van Loon's Lives", a book of contemporary fantasy written by Hendrik Willem Van Loon in 1942, in which the protagonists are able to magically summon the great men and women of history for weekend dinner parties, leading to often humorous incidents. The book was written at the time when Veere, like the rest of the Netherlands, lay under Nazi occupation, and despite its light-hearted tone clearly indicates the longing of the writer – living in the US – for his homeland whose liberation he was doomed never to see.

Scottish singer-songwriter Brian McNeill based the song "The Holland Trade" from his tenth studio album The Baltic tae Byzantium on the trade and cultural ties between Veere and Scotland from 1541 on.

Notable people

Johannes Hermanus Koekkoek, ca. 1810
Franca Treur, 2010

References

  1. ↑ "Burgemeester drs. F.J. (Frederiek) Schouwenaar" [Mayor] (in Dutch). Gemeente Veere. Retrieved 15 April 2023.
  2. ↑ "Kerncijfers wijken en buurten 2020" [Key figures for neighbourhoods 2020]. StatLine (in Dutch). CBS. 24 July 2020. Retrieved 19 September 2020.
  3. ↑ "Postcodetool for 4357ET". Actueel Hoogtebestand Nederland (in Dutch). Het Waterschapshuis. Retrieved 18 December 2013.
  4. ↑ "Bevolkingsontwikkeling; regio per maand" [Population growth; regions per month]. CBS Statline (in Dutch). CBS. 1 January 2021. Retrieved 2 January 2022.
  5. ↑ National Archives (UK) E190/433/12
  6. ↑ "THE VAN DER VEER FAMILY in the Netherlands". Archived from the original on 16 April 2018. Retrieved 4 August 2023.
  7. ↑ AT HOME ABROAD: ETHNICITY AND ENCLAVE IN THE WORLD OF SCOTS TRADERS IN NORTHERN EUROPE, c. 1600–1800* by DOUGLAS CATTERALL (page 4)
  8. ↑ "Scotland in Europe". BBC History. Retrieved 8 April 2017.
  9. ↑ Morris, David B. (1919). The Stirling merchant gild and life of John Cowane. Stirling: Morris, David B. pp. 195–210. Retrieved 8 April 2017.
  10. ↑ National Archives (UK)E190/433/12
  11. ↑ "Gemeente Veere Internet | English | Art". www.veere.nl. Archived from the original on 9 June 2011.
  12. ↑ "War over Holland – Zeeland – The airforce and navy air fleet bases". waroverholland.nl. Retrieved 13 April 2015.
  13. ↑ "War over Holland – Zeeland – The AFB's". waroverholland.nl. Retrieved 13 April 2015.
  14. ↑ "War over Holland – Zeeland – Capitulation of Walcheren and Zuid-Beveland". waroverholland.nl. Retrieved 13 April 2015.
  15. ↑ "NL06 – Operation Infatuate". scottishdiasporatapestry.org. Retrieved 13 April 2015.
  16. ↑ "Archived copy". Archived from the original on 24 July 2011. Retrieved 20 January 2010.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: archived copy as title (link)
  17. ↑ "Gemeente Veere Internet | English | Deltapark Neeltje Jans". www.veere.nl. Archived from the original on 9 June 2011.
  18. ↑ "Home - Scoutcenter Zeeland". Retrieved 4 August 2023.
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