Trail through the Cahuenga Pass c. 1888
The precise location of Kaweenga village is unknown. In 1842, the adobe farmhouse at Campo de Cahuenga was already described as "old" and it may date to the Spanish colonial era when pastureland in the area was granted to Verdugo.[1] This picture postcard probably dates to roughly the 1910s.

Cahuenga (/kəˈweɪŋɡə/ ⓘ (also Kawé’nga, Cabeugna, Kowanga, Kawengha, Kawee’nga, or Cabuenga) or "place of the hill" is a former Tongva–Tataviam (Fernandeño–Gabrieleño) Native American settlement in the San Fernando Valley of Los Angeles, Los Angeles County, California.[2][3][4] One source suggests kawe means mountain in Tongva language.[5] Recent linguistic work suggests an alternative meaning of "place of the fox".[6] The Tongva-language suffix -nga indicates place, and the suffix -bet or -bit indicates person from place; people from Cahuenga were recorded in mission registers as Capuebet.[7]

The precise location of the village is unknown but it was near the Mission San Fernando Rey de España,[4] possibly near present-day Universal City.[2] In a 2019 map, the village was placed near the Valley Village neighborhood in Los Angeles.[8] Archeologists commissioned by the Los Angeles County Metropolitan Transportation Authority (Metro) to investigate the Campo de Cahuenga historic site state "this vicinity was important as the place traditionally identified as the ethnographic village of Kaweenga (various spellings)."[1]

The earliest record of a person from Cahuenga in the mission baptismal registers is from 1798.[9] People associated with Cahuenga or similar village names are "listed 20 times between 1778–1815, in the San Gabriel Mission baptismal register and 62 times (1800–1806) in the San Fernando Mission register."[10] Three people from Capubet/Cahuenga were baptized in the Pueblo of Los Angeles.[5] The nearest other village was Siutcanga at the Encino Springs.[8] Baptismal registers indicate a significant number of kinship ties between Siutcanga and Cahuenga, as well as fewer kinship ties between Cahuenga and Tuyunga, Hahamongna, Jautbit, Maobit, Acosiubit, Mauga, and others.[5]

The name Cahuenga was later applied to the historic Mexican land grant Rancho Cahuenga, the Battle of Cahuenga Pass (1831), the Second Battle of Cahuenga Pass (1845), and Campo de Cahuenga, in Studio City, California, where the Treaty of Cahuenga was signed. The name survives today in Cahuenga Peak, Cahuenga Pass (between the Valley and Hollywood), Cahuenga Boulevard, and the Cahuenga Branch of the Los Angeles Public Library.

See also

References

  1. 1 2 "Campo investigation" (PDF). pp. 12, 16.
  2. 1 2 U.S. Geological Survey Geographic Names Information System: Cahuenga, California
  3. ↑ Frederick Webb Hodge (1912). Handbook of American Indians North of Mexico. Vol. 1. U.S. Government Printing Office. p. 186. Retrieved 2023-11-05.
  4. 1 2 U.S. Geological Survey Geographic Names Information System: Cahuenga, California
  5. 1 2 3 "Fernandeño Tataviam Band of Mission Indians March 2, 2020" (PDF). pp. 106–108.
  6. ↑ "Topanga, Cahuenga and Tujunga — sounds from a rediscovered local language". UCLA. Retrieved 2023-11-05.
  7. ↑ "Siutcanga: Going Back Home by GULLEYFATEHI - Issuu". issuu.com. 2015-08-03. Retrieved 2023-11-12.
  8. 1 2 Greene, Sean; Curwen, Thomas. "Mapping the Tongva villages of L.A.'s past". www.latimes.com. Retrieved 2022-12-22.
  9. ↑ VILLAGE NANES IN TWELVE CALIFORNIA MISSION RECORDS. C. Hart Merriam - https://www.tongvapeople.org/wp-content/uploads/2016/05/village-names.pdf
  10. ↑ The Indians of Los Angeles County: Hugo Reid's letters of 1852. p. 14. Retrieved 2023-11-05 – via Library of Congress, Washington, D.C. 20540 USA.

34°09′36″N 118°19′34″W / 34.16000°N 118.32611°W / 34.16000; -118.32611

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