CPSU is the Communist Party of the Soviet Union, the sole governing party of the Soviet Union until 1990.

CPSU may also refer to:

Schools

• California Polytechnic State University, San Luis Obispo, California, USA
• Central Philippines State University, Negros Occidental, Philippines
• Coventry Polytechnic Students Union, England

Organizations

• Central Public Sector Undertaking, a state-owned enterprise in India
• Civil and Public Services Union, an Irish trade union
• Commonwealth Policy Studies Unit, a think tank in London
• Communist Party of Social Justice, political party in Russia established in 2012
• Communist Party of the Soviet Union (1992)
• Communist Party of the Soviet Union (2001)
• Community and Public Sector Union, an Australian trade union
• Union of Communist Parties – Communist Party of the Soviet Union