Chennai Metro
A Metro train arriving at Koyambedu station in 2015
A Metro train arriving at Koyambedu station in 2015
Overview
Native nameசென்னை மாநகரத் தொடரி
OwnerChennai Metro Rail Limited (CMRL)
LocaleChennai, Tamil Nadu, India
Transit typeRapid Transit
Number of lines2 (operational)
3 (under construction)
Line numberOperational
Number of stations42
Daily ridership0.25 million (2023)[1]
Annual ridership70.7 million (2023)
HeadquartersMetroS, Anna Salai, Nandanam, Chennai–600035
Websitechennaimetrorail.org
Operation
Began operation29 June 2015 (2015-06-29)
Operator(s)Chennai Metro Rail Limited (CMRL)
Number of vehicles52
Train length100 m (328 ft)
Headway2–8 minutes
Technical
System length54.65 km (33.96 mi)
Track gauge1,435 mm (4 ft 8+1⁄2 in) standard gauge
Electrification25 kV 50 Hz AC Catenary[2]
Top speed120 km/h (75 mph)
System map

Chennai Metro Rail Network

Chennai Metro is a rapid transit system serving the city of Chennai, India. As of January 2024, the operational network consists of two colour-coded lines covering a length of 54 kilometres (34 mi) making it the fourth longest metro system in India. Chennai Metro Rail Limited (CMRL), a joint venture between Government of India and the Government of Tamil Nadu built and operates the Chennai Metro. The system uses standard gauge and has a mix of underground and elevated stations.

Planning for the metro started in 2007-08 with the construction commencing in February 2009. Testing began in 2014 and the Commissioner of Metro Rail Safety approved the operations in January 2015. On 29 June 2015, commercial operations started between Alandur and Koyambedu stations on the green line and on 21 September 2016, operations on the green line was extended to Chennai Airport and Little Mount. Commercial operations commenced in the first underground section between Thirumangalam to Nehru Park on 14 May 2017 and extended to Chennai central on 25 May 2018.

In May 2018, operations on the blue line commenced between Saidapet and AG-DMS with the extended underground stretch from AG-DMS to Washermanpet of blue line commencing operations on 10 February 2019 completing the phase 1 of the metro. As of 2023, three more lines are under construction covering a length of 116.1 kilometres (72.1 mi) in the second phase and Chennai Mass Rapid Transit System is planned to be taken over by Chennai Metro.

History

Chennai had an established sub network which started operating in 1931 with a single metre gauge line from Chennai Beach to Tambaram and two more lines were added connecting Chennai Central with Arakkonam and Gummidipoondi in 1985.[3] In 1965, the Planning Commission set up a team to study to assess the adequacy and limitation of existing transport facilities, to determine the feasibility of different modes of transport and recommend phased programmes for development of transport facilities in major cities including Madras.[4] As a result, the first phase of Chennai Mass Rapid Transit System, India's first elevated line between Chennai Beach and Thirumayilai, opened in 1995 with an extension to Velachery in 2007.[5] In 2007, a modern metro rail system was planned for Chennai modeled after the Delhi Metro.[6]

Construction

Phase I
Chennai Metro
Phase I
North Line
Wimco Nagar Depot
 Wimco Nagar
 Tiruvottriyur
Tiruvottriyur Theradi
 Kaladipet
 Tollgate
New Washermanpet
 Tondiarpet
 Sir Theagaraya College
West Line
Washermanpet
Basin Bridge
Mannadi
M.G.R Chennai Central
High Court
 M.G.R Central
Egmore
Chennai Fort
Nehru Park
Chennai Park
Kilpauk Medical College
Park Town
 Government Estate
Pachaiyappa's College
Shenoy Nagar
LIC
Anna Nagar East
MRTS
Anna Nagar Tower
Thousand Lights
Thirumangalam
AG – DMS
Koyambedu Depot
Teynampet
Koyambedu
Nandanam
Jayalalithaa CMBT
Saidapet
Arumbakkam
Little Mount
Vadapalani
Ashok Nagar
Guindy
Ekkattuthangal
Arignar Anna Alandur
Nanganallur Road
St. Thomas Mount
Meenambakkam
MRTS
Chennai International Airport
South Line

In 2007–08, Delhi Metro Rail Corporation (DMRC) was tasked with preparing a detailed project report on the implementation of metro system in Chennai.[7] Seven lines were planned by the DMRC for the Chennai metro network and the first phase was planned with two lines covering 45.1 km (28.0 mi) with 25 km (16 mi) being underground which was approved by Government of India on 7 November 2007.[8] On 7 November 2007, Chennai Metro Rail Limited (CMRL), a SPV created by a joint venture between Government of India and Government of Tamil Nadu to execute the project.[7] The Planning commission gave in-principle approval for the project on 16 April 2008.[9] The estimated base cost of phase I was ₹3,770 crore (US$470 million) of which 57% was loaned by Japan International Cooperation Agency (JICA).[10]

In February 2009, a ₹199 crore (US$25 million) contract for the construction of a 4.5 km (2.8 mi) long viaduct along the Inner Ring Road and the construction started on 10 June 2009 with the piling work for the elevated viaduct between Koyambedu and Ashok Nagar stretch.[11][12] In March 2009, a US$30 million contract was awarded to a consortium of five companies headed by French company Egis for technical consultancy on the project.[13] In August 2010, the contract for supplying rolling stock was awarded to Alstom at a cost of US$243 million.[14][15] In December 2010, DMRC submitted a report for extending Corridor-I from Washemenpet to Wimco Nagar, a distance of 9 km (5.6 mi).[16] In January 2011, a joint venture between Larsen and Toubro and Alstom was awarded the contract for design and construction of track works and a depot at Koyambedu for ₹449.22 crore (US$56 million).[17][18] In June 2011, further tenders for the elevated stations of the first phase were awarded to Consolidated Construction Consortium.[19][20] The contract for supply of lifts and escalators was awarded to a joint venture of Johnson Lifts and SJEC Corporation.[21] In February 2011, contracts were awarded for the construction of underground sections of the first phase to Gammon India and Mosmetrostroy.[22][23] The contract for power supply and overhead electrification was awarded to Siemens for ₹305 crore (US$38 million) and contracts for automatic fare collection (AFC), tunnel ventilation and air conditioning were awarded to Nippon Signal, Emirates Trading Agency and Voltas respectively.[24][25][26]

In July 2012, the first tunnel boring machine was launched and by October 2012, eleven machines were commissioned to bore tunnels along the underground stretch by three consortiums, namely Afcons-Transtonnelstroy, L&T and SUCG.[27] On 6 November 2013, test run was conducted along a stretch of 1 km (0.62 mi) track.[28] On 14 February 2014, the maiden trial run for the metro was conducted between Koyambedu and Ashok Nagar stations.[29][30] In August 2014, the metro received the statutory speed certification clearance from the Research Design and Standards Organisation.[31][32] In January 2015, a report was submitted to the Commissioner of Metro Rail Safety for approval.[33] In April 2015, the Commissioner of Metro Rail Safety inspected the rolling stock and submitted a report to the Railway Board.[34][35][36]

On 29 June 2015, commercial operations started between Alandur and Koyambedu stations on the green line.[37] On 21 September 2016, commercial operations commenced between Airport and Little Mount.[10] On 14 May 2017, operations commenced in the first underground line between Thirumangalam to Nehru Park which was extended to Chennai central on 25 May 2018.[38] In May 2018, operations on the blue line commenced between Saidapet and AG-DMS.[39] On 10 February 2019, the underground stretch from AG-DMS to Washermanpet of blue line was opened, completing 45 km (28 mi) phase 1 of the metro.[40]

Phase 1 Extension

A 9 kilometres (5.6 mi) northern extension of the blue line running from Washermanpet to Wimco Nagar was planned with an underground section for the first 4 km (2.5 mi) until Tondiarpet after which it becomes elevated, consisting of nine stations.[41][42] Construction started in July 2016 with trial runs in December 2020 and the line opened for passenger traffic on 14 February 2021 increasing the length of the operational metro system to 54 km (34 mi).[43][44]

Expansion

Phase II
Chennai Metro Phase II
Moolakadai
Moolakadai
Redhills
Perambur
Ambattur
Kilpauk
Mogappair
Thousand lights
Tirumangalam
Mylapore
Mylapore
Luz
Thiruvanmiyur
T Nagar
Vadapalani
Saligramam
Iyyapanthangal
Poonamallee

In July 2016, Government of Tamil Nadu was announced that Chennai Metro Phase 2 would have three lines totaling 104 km (65 mi) in length and have 104 stations.[45] In July 2017, the state government announced an extension in Phase II, involving an extension of Line 4 from Lighthouse up to Poonamallee with a new interesection with the Madhavaram–Sholinganallur line at Alwarthirunagar.[46] The final proposed length was 116.1 km (72.1 mi) and it was estimated to cost ₹36,000 crore (US$4.5 billion) of which ₹4,710 crore (US$590 million) was loaned by JICA.[47][48]

Foundation stone for phase II was laid on 20 November 2020 and construction commenced on 1 June 2021.[49][50] On 14 February 2021, Prime Minister of India announced that the government has set aside ₹63,000 crore (US$7.9 billion) for the construction of phase II and further extension.[51] In November 2022, Alstom was awarded the contract to supply metro coaches for the phase II expansion.[52]

MRTS Integration

The Chennai Mass Rapid Transit System (MRTS) will be handed over to CMRL by the Southern Railway once the expansion of MRTS is complete and the entire system will be upgraded including tracks, security, ticketing system and rolling stock.[53] On 11 May 2022, Indian Railways granted in-principle approval for the Chennai Metro to takeover the MRTS.[54]

Future

CMRL has also proposed a phase 1 southern extension and a light metro.[55][56] It has also proposed the construction of new rail depots and the development of Central Square around CMRL headquarters with commercial complexes and multi-storied buildings.[57] Phase III of Chennai metro has also been planned as a part of the Chennai Comprehensive Mobility Plan.[58] CMRL will also aid in the development of metro rail transport in the cities of Coimbatore, Tiruchirapalli and Madurai.[59]

Proposed
Line Terminals Length Stations Status
Blue Line Chennai Airport Kilambakkam Bus Terminus 16 km (9.9 mi) 12[60] Project report prepared
Red Line Koyambedu Pattabiram 16.07 km (9.99 mi) 15 Feasibility study
Purple Line Siruseri Sipcot 2 Kilambakkam Bus Terminus 23.5 km (14.6 mi) 12 Feasibility study
Orange Line Poonamallee Bypass Parandur 50 km (31 mi) TBD Planning
Metrolite Tambaram Velachery 20 km (12 mi) TBD Feasibility study

Network

The commercial operations of Chennai metro started between Alandur and Koyambedu stations on the green line on 29 June 2015 with further expansions in September 2016, May 2017 and May 2018 connecting Chennai airport with Chennai central.[10] In May 2018, operations on the blue line commenced between Saidapet and AG-DMS with further expansion in February 2019 to Washermanpet completing 45 km (28 mi) in phase 1. A 9 kilometres (5.6 mi) northern extension of the blue line running from Washermanpet to Wimco Nagar was opened for passenger traffic on 14 February 2021 increasing the length of the operational metro system to 54 km (34 mi).[61] The metro system provides inter connections with various other transportation modes in the city including the suburban railway, MRTS; main railway line at Chennai Central, Egmore and Tambaram; Chennai International Airport and Chennai Mofussil Bus Terminus.[62]

Operational
Line Terminal First operational Last extension Length (km) Stations Rolling Stock Track Gauge
Blue Line Wimco Nagar Depot Chennai Airport 21 September 2016 14 February 2021 32.65 km (20.29 mi) 26 52 trains × 4 cars 1,435 mm (56.5 in)
Green Line Central St. Thomas Mount 29 June 2015 25 May 2018 22 km (14 mi) 17
Total 54.65 41 52 trains × 4 cars
Under Construction
Line Terminal Length Stations Rolling stock
Purple Line Madhavaram Milk Colony Siruseri Sipcot 2 45.4 km (28.2 mi) 47 56 trains × 3 cars
Orange Line Poonamallee Bypass Lighthouse 26.1 km (16.2 mi) 27[63] 36 trains × 3 cars
Red Line Madhavaram Milk Colony Sholinganallur 44.6 km (27.7 mi) 45 56 trains × 6 cars
Total 116.1 km (72.1 mi) 119 148 trains × 3 cars

Infrastructure

Chennai Metro runs in standard gauge measuring 1,435 mm (56.5 in) and the lines are double-tracked.[64] The average speed of operation is 85 kilometres per hour (53 mph) and maximum speed is 120 kilometres per hour (75 mph).[65]

Rolling stock

Metro coaches are manufactured by Alstom. Pictured is a metro train rolling into Guindy metro station

Alstom supplies the rolling stock for Chennai Metro.[66] The first nine train sets were imported from Brazil and the remaining were manufactured at a new facility set up near Chennai.[67][68] For Phase I, Alstom supplied 520 train-sets composed of four coaches each with each car measuring 300 metres (980 ft) in length.[69] The trains are air-conditioned with electrically operated automatic sliding doors and have a first-class compartment with a dedicated section reserved for women.[70]

The trains operate on 25 kV AC traction catenary system with a maximum speed of 120 kilometres per hour (75 mph).[71] The trains are connected to the grid via overhead electric cables and are equipped with regenerative braking with a capacity to recover 30–35% of the energy during braking.[72] The metro consumes an average of 70 MW of power daily and the electricity is supplied by Tamil Nadu Electricity Board.[73] Chennai Metro also uses solar power for five of its stations with a capacity of 200 KW.[74]

Stations

Full-height enclosed platform screen doors installed in Chennai Metro's underground stations

A total of 40 stations are operational along the two lines of the Phase 1 with 22 underground stations. In the underground sections, a walkway runs along the length with cross passages every 250 metres (820 ft) for the maintenance and emergency evacuation.[75] The underground stations have an average width of 200 metres (660 ft) and average depth of 20 feet (6.1 m) from the ground level.[76] The length of the stations in Phase 1 extension is 180 metres (590 ft).[77][78] The elevated stations have three levels with the concourse level at a minimum height of 5.5 metres (18 ft) above the ground level and platform level above the concourse while the underground stations have two levels with platform screen doors.[79] The stations are air-conditioned and are equipped to be disabled and elderly friendly, with automatic fare collection system, announcement system, electronic display boards, escalators and lifts.[80] Paid parking facilities are available for two wheelers in most stations and four wheelers in select stations.[81]

Depots

Chennai Metro maintains a major depot at Koyambedu covering an area of 26 ha (64 acres) which houses maintenance workshops, stabling lines, test tracks and a washing plant for the trains.[82][83] In 2022, an elevated depot at Wimco Nagar covering an area of 3.5 ha (8.6 acres) commenced operations with facilities for inspection, emergency repair and a washing plant.[84]

Operations

As of 2022, the metro operates trains from 5 AM to 11 PM with an average frequency of one train every 6 minutes in peak hours and every 12 minutes in lean hours in the blue line and one train every 12 minutes in peak hours and every 18 minutes in lean hours in the green line.[85][86] The main operational control center (OCC) is located in Koyambedu where the movement of trains and real-time CCTV footage obtained is monitored.[87]

Fare and ticketing

The minimum fare is ₹10 and the maximum fare is ₹50.[88][89]

There are six types of tickets issued by CMRL for travel in Chennai Metro.[90]

  • Single journey tokens, which need to be purchased each time for every journey at the ticket counter or in ticket vending machines available at all stations.
  • Stored value cards (SVC) are pre-paid, rechargeable, travel cards that can be purchased at any ticket counter against a refundable deposit, can be recharged up to at any ticket counter or in automated ticket vending machines at stations and offers discounted fares.
  • Trip cards are for applicable for travel between the same two stations and are available in varied combinations and validity with discounted fares.
  • Tourist cards provide the cardholders unlimited rides on the Chennai metro system for one day.
  • QR Tickets for single and return journey tickets can be bought through the CMRL mobile app with QR code ticket scanners at stations.[91]
  • Singara Chennai card, a co-branded card launched in 2023 in association with State Bank of India which can be used to access all major other metro and select bus transport systems in India.

Accidents and incidents

In August 2012, a construction worker was killed and six others were seriously injured due to a crane boom failure near Pachaiyappa's College.[92] On 10 January 2013, a 22-year-old construction worker was killed and three others were injured at a metro rail site between Alandur and St Thomas Mount.[92] On 11 January 2014, a crane toppled over, killing a 20-year-old construction worker and seriously injuring one other worker at the construction site of Saidapet station.[93] On 17 June 2015, a 30-year-old man was killed on the spot and another motorcyclist injured when an iron rod fell on them at an under construction metro rail station near Officers Training Academy at St. Thomas Mount.[94]

Criticism

Chennai Metro is the second most expensive in terms of ticket cost per kilometer in the country after Mumbai Metro. The fares were temporarily slashed by up to ₹20 by the then Chief Minister of Tamil Nadu in February 2021 with the maximum fare capped at ₹40.[95] In 2019, the Madras High Court questioned the state government on the scientific method it adopted in constructing the tunnels without disturbing the water bodies in the city.[96]

Awards and honors

Chennai Metro Rail Limited was awarded the "National Project Excellence Award" on 20 August 2019 by Project Management Associates (PMA) India.[97]

See also

References

  1. ↑ CMRL Anuual Report-2022-23-English-1-1.pdf (PDF) (Report). Chennai Metro. Retrieved 1 January 2024.
  2. ↑ "Metro Rail: power supply, overhead equipment contract given" (PDF). Chennai Metro Rail. 2 November 2015. Archived (PDF) from the original on 8 April 2023. Retrieved 31 January 2023.
  3. ↑ Chennai Division, SR (PDF) (Report). Southern Railway. Archived (PDF) from the original on 15 December 2023. Retrieved 1 December 2023.
  4. ↑ Planning, execution and operation of Mass Rapid Transit System, Chennai (PDF) (Report). Comptroller and Auditor General of India. Retrieved 1 December 2023.
  5. ↑ "MRTS services extended". Business Line. 27 January 2004. Archived from the original on 29 October 2013. Retrieved 29 July 2012.
  6. ↑ "Metro is a financial success, not just a technological one". Livemint. 11 September 2007. Archived from the original on 13 November 2019. Retrieved 13 November 2019.
  7. 1 2 "Chennai Metro Rail FAQ". Chennai Metro. Archived from the original on 27 February 2018. Retrieved 16 February 2018.
  8. ↑ "3 Corridors in Chennai Metro Rail May be Extended by 350 km". The New Indian Express. 26 November 2015. Archived from the original on 24 December 2023. Retrieved 6 June 2016.
  9. ↑ "Center nod for Metro Rail in Chennai". The Times of India. 16 April 2008. Archived from the original on 25 June 2008. Retrieved 20 August 2010.
  10. 1 2 3 "Project status of Chennai Metro Rail Limited". Chennai Metro. Archived from the original on 26 September 2016. Retrieved 16 August 2010.
  11. ↑ "Soma Enterprise bags Chennai Metro Rail order". Free Press. 19 February 2009. Archived from the original on 24 October 2012. Retrieved 16 August 2010.
  12. ↑ "CMRL invites bids for construction of elevated viaducts". Projects Today. 25 August 2009. Archived from the original on 15 July 2011. Retrieved 16 August 2010.
  13. ↑ Ramesh, Niranjana (10 March 2009). "Another milestone in Chennai metro to be designed by French". The Economic Times. Archived from the original on 19 October 2016. Retrieved 10 March 2009.
  14. ↑ "Alstom to provide 2000 cars for Chennai's metro". The Financial Express. 11 September 2010. Retrieved 18 September 2010.
  15. ↑ "First Metro Rolling Stock contract in India" (Press release). Alstom Transport. 9 September 2010. Archived from the original on 15 April 2023. Retrieved 18 September 2010.
  16. ↑ "Pursue Phase-II of Chennai Metro: E. Sreedharan". The Hindu. Archived from the original on 14 January 2016. Retrieved 6 June 2016.
  17. ↑ "L&T, Alstom JV bags Chennai Metro project". Business Standard. Archived from the original on 10 February 2018. Retrieved 14 February 2018.
  18. ↑ "L&T, Alstom venture bags Chennai Metro project". The Hindu. 22 January 2011. Archived from the original on 2 November 2013. Retrieved 6 June 2016.
  19. ↑ "Elevated metro stations to come up at 100 places". The Times of India. 29 June 2010. Archived from the original on 5 July 2010. Retrieved 16 August 2010.
  20. ↑ "Tenders awarded for 10 Metro Rail stations". The Hindu. 29 June 2010. Archived from the original on 14 August 2010. Retrieved 16 August 2010.
  21. ↑ "Metro Rail awards contract for lifts". The Hindu. Archived from the original on 14 January 2016. Retrieved 6 June 2016.
  22. ↑ "Two firms bag 12 underground tunnels & stations work". The Times of India. 1 February 2011. Archived from the original on 3 October 2016. Retrieved 6 June 2016.
  23. ↑ "Gammon India bags two Chennai Metro orders worth Rs 19.47 billion". The Economic Times. 2 February 2011. Archived from the original on 29 January 2023. Retrieved 6 June 2016.
  24. ↑ "Siemens wins power supply contract for Chennai metro". Business Standard. 12 February 2011. Archived from the original on 18 August 2016. Retrieved 6 June 2016.
  25. ↑ "Work on 'double-decker' structure at Arcot Road". The Hindu. 12 September 2011. Archived from the original on 14 January 2016. Retrieved 6 June 2016.
  26. ↑ Sangameswaran, K. T. (5 April 2012). "Plea against razing part of heritage building for Metro Rail dismissed". The Hindu. Archived from the original on 7 April 2012. Retrieved 7 April 2012.
  27. ↑ Raja Simhan, T. E. (24 September 2014). "Chennai Metro Rail set for trial runs between Egmore, Shenoy Nagar by middle of next year". Business Line. Retrieved 2 October 2014.
  28. ↑ Ramakrishnan, T. (6 November 2013). "Chennai Metro Rail Test Run". The Hindu. Archived from the original on 10 November 2013. Retrieved 6 November 2013.
  29. ↑ "Metro Rail Rolls Out a Surprise with Koyambedu-Pillar trial Run". New Indian Express. 14 February 2014. Archived from the original on 15 September 2014. Retrieved 2 October 2014.
  30. ↑ "Chennai Metro holds trial on elevated section". Business Line. 14 February 2014. Archived from the original on 22 February 2014. Retrieved 2 October 2014.
  31. ↑ "Chennai Metro one stop short of dream run". Deccan Chronicle. 31 August 2014. Archived from the original on 4 March 2016. Retrieved 6 June 2016.
  32. ↑ "Metro rail service likely to begin in November". The Hindu. 31 August 2014. Archived from the original on 14 January 2016. Retrieved 6 June 2016.
  33. ↑ Shivakumar, C (3 January 2015). "1st Phase Metro Tracks Ready for Safety Test". The New Indian Express. Archived from the original on 4 March 2016. Retrieved 6 June 2016.
  34. ↑ Kannan, Ramya (7 April 2015). "Metro Rail safety inspected". The Hindu. Archived from the original on 14 January 2016. Retrieved 7 June 2016.
  35. ↑ "Koyambedu-Alandur metro closer to opening". The Times of India. 7 April 2015. Archived from the original on 24 July 2016. Retrieved 7 June 2016.
  36. ↑ "Conditional clearance for Metro Rail". The Hindu. 28 April 2015. Archived from the original on 14 January 2016. Retrieved 7 June 2016.
  37. ↑ Chennai Metro Newsletter - August 2015 (PDF) (Report). Chennai Metro. 29 June 2015. Archived (PDF) from the original on 20 October 2023. Retrieved 7 June 2023.
  38. ↑ Sekar, Sunitha (14 May 2017). "Naidu, Palaniswami flag off underground stretch of Chennai Metro". The Hindu. ISSN 0971-751X. Archived from the original on 26 February 2020. Retrieved 29 January 2019.
  39. ↑ Sekar, Sunitha (25 May 2018). "Chennai Metro Rail opens two underground stretches". The Hindu. ISSN 0971-751X. Archived from the original on 27 February 2020. Retrieved 29 January 2019.
  40. ↑ Simhan, TE Raja (10 February 2019). "PM Modi inaugurates Chennai Metro Rail's final leg". @businessline. Archived from the original on 26 October 2020. Retrieved 13 February 2019.
  41. ↑ "Track work in Metro phase 1 extension to begin soon". The Hindu. 6 December 2018. Archived from the original on 26 February 2020. Retrieved 6 November 2019.
  42. ↑ "First set of trains for Chennai metro phase 1 extension flagged-off". Business Line. 19 October 2019. Archived from the original on 5 November 2019. Retrieved 6 November 2019.
  43. ↑ "Opening of phase-1 Chennai metro extension stretch to be delayed?". The New Indian Express. Archived from the original on 9 January 2021. Retrieved 9 January 2021.
  44. ↑ "Chennai: Trial run between Washermanpet and Wimco Nagar Metro stations successful, says CMRL". Indian Express. 26 December 2020. Archived from the original on 26 December 2020. Retrieved 26 December 2020.
  45. ↑ Sekar, Sunitha. "1800 km, 180 stations: Unveiling Phase II of Metro". The Hindu. Archived from the original on 26 December 2016. Retrieved 24 January 2017.
  46. ↑ "Metro's second phase to go up to Poonamallee". The Hindu. 20 July 2017. Archived from the original on 26 February 2020. Retrieved 1 October 2017.
  47. ↑ "Phase-II Chennai metro project to cost Rs 36,000 cr". Business Standard. 2 March 2014. Archived from the original on 16 December 2023. Retrieved 1 December 2023.
  48. ↑ "JICA extends ODA Loan of INR 4710 Cr for Chennai Metro Rail Project Phase 2 (II)". JICA. 21 June 2022. Archived from the original on 16 December 2023. Retrieved 1 December 2023.
  49. ↑ Sekar, Sunitha. "Detailed project report for Phase II of Metro Rail ready". The Hindu. Archived from the original on 27 December 2016. Retrieved 24 January 2017.
  50. ↑ U, Tejonmayam. "Chennai: Metro rail to trim stations under phase 2". The Times of India. Archived from the original on 8 February 2017. Retrieved 24 January 2017.
  51. ↑ Dipak K, Dash. "Ground work for Chennai metro rail phase-2 hit". Times of India. Archived from the original on 18 February 2021. Retrieved 19 February 2021.
  52. ↑ "Alstom wins €98 million contract to design and manufacture 78 metro coaches for Chennai Metro Phase-II" (Press release). Alstom. 11 November 2022. Archived from the original on 16 December 2023. Retrieved 1 December 2023.
  53. ↑ "Chennai: With Metro coaches and modern stations, MRTS set for big upgrade". The New Indian Express. 3 January 2018. Archived from the original on 22 October 2023. Retrieved 1 December 2023.
  54. ↑ "MRTS merger with Chennai Metro gets railway's approval". The New Indian Express. 16 May 2022. Archived from the original on 15 May 2022. Retrieved 16 May 2022.
  55. ↑ "Work on 15-km Metro line from airport to Kilambakkam in Chennai suburbs may begin this year". The New Indian Express. 23 February 2021. Archived from the original on 25 April 2021. Retrieved 25 April 2021.
  56. ↑ "Proposed Metrolite line likely to be rubber-tyred". The New Indian Express. 7 November 2020. Archived from the original on 25 April 2021. Retrieved 25 April 2021.
  57. ↑ "City's 2nd metro rail depot to be ready in 4 months". The Times of India. Archived from the original on 25 April 2021. Retrieved 25 April 2021.
  58. ↑ "Feasibility report ready for ₹6,683 crore Coimbatore Metro Rail". The Hindu. 23 February 2021. ISSN 0971-751X. Archived from the original on 17 April 2021. Retrieved 25 April 2021.
  59. ↑ Sekar, Sunitha (22 March 2022). "CMRL to do a feasibility study for building mass rapid transit in three cities". The Hindu. ISSN 0971-751X. Archived from the original on 21 March 2022. Retrieved 22 March 2022.
  60. ↑ "Chennai Airport-Kilambakkam Metro project set to take off". The Hindu. 20 July 2022. ISSN 0971-751X. Archived from the original on 21 July 2022. Retrieved 21 July 2022.
  61. ↑ "CMRL Phase 1 extension Washermanpet and Wimco nagar". Chennai Metro. 5 November 2016. Archived from the original on 25 July 2021. Retrieved 7 July 2021.
  62. ↑ Srinivasan, DMeera (15 May 2012). "Metro, flyover merger at Vadapalani hits road bump". The Hindu. Chennai. Archived from the original on 17 May 2012. Retrieved 15 May 2012.
  63. ↑ U, Tejonmayam. "Metro to link route planned under monorail network". The Times of India. Archived from the original on 4 April 2023. Retrieved 17 February 2019.
  64. ↑ Srinivasan, Meera (3 February 2013). "Countdown to Chennai Metro begins". The Hindu. Archived from the original on 5 February 2013. Retrieved 3 February 2013.
  65. ↑ "Metro rail train zips over city roads". The Hindu. 6 June 2016. Archived from the original on 26 October 2023. Retrieved 1 December 2023.
  66. ↑ "Alstom completes in Lapa plant the first train for Chennai metro, in India" (Press release). Alstom. May 2013. Archived from the original on 21 April 2016. Retrieved 6 June 2016.
  67. ↑ "First coach for Chennai Metro by April 2013: Alstom Transport". Business Line. Archived from the original on 2 November 2013. Retrieved 6 June 2016.
  68. ↑ Sekar, Sunitha (28 October 2013). "Chennai Metro to have 1st class compartment". The Hindu. Archived from the original on 21 March 2014. Retrieved 2 March 2014.
  69. ↑ Sekar, Sunitha (29 June 2018). "Phase II to have six and ten-coach Metro trains". The Hindu. Chennai. Archived from the original on 29 January 2020. Retrieved 15 July 2018.
  70. ↑ Sekar, Sunitha (18 July 2014). "All aboard, Chennai Metro". The Hindu. Archived from the original on 15 February 2016. Retrieved 15 July 2018.
  71. ↑ "Alstom to provide 168 cars for Chennai's metro for €1 billion (approx. INR 10000 crore)" (Press release). Alstom. 1 September 2010. Retrieved 6 June 2016.
  72. ↑ "First ride in a Chennai Metro train". The Hindu. Archived from the original on 14 January 2016. Retrieved 6 June 2016.
  73. ↑ "Metro rail sets up units to power trains, stations to meet year-end deadline to start services". The Times of India. 15 April 2014. Archived from the original on 18 April 2014. Retrieved 18 April 2014.
  74. ↑ Sekar, Sunitha (9 April 2014). "Chennai Metro to tap solar power for stations". The Hindu. Archived from the original on 14 April 2014. Retrieved 18 April 2014.
  75. ↑ Sekar, Sunitha (10 August 2014). "First underground Metro network by December 2015". The Hindu. Archived from the original on 15 February 2016. Retrieved 4 October 2014.
  76. ↑ "Metro's underground frame" (PDF). Chennai Metro. 20 September 2013. Retrieved 1 December 2023.
  77. ↑ "Metro Phase 1 extension tunneling nears completion". The Hindu. 25 September 2017. Archived from the original on 26 February 2020. Retrieved 29 September 2017.
  78. ↑ "CMRL's compact stations have their own fan club". The Hindu. Chennai. 29 June 2018. Archived from the original on 30 January 2020. Retrieved 15 July 2018.
  79. ↑ Chennai Metro Investment Project (PDF). Asian Development Bank (Report). Archived (PDF) from the original on 4 June 2023. Retrieved 30 August 2023.
  80. ↑ Sekar, Sunitha (20 January 2014). "No clarity on access at Chennai Metro stations yet, say disabled". The Hindu. Archived from the original on 4 February 2014. Retrieved 6 June 2016.
  81. ↑ Parking Facilities Availability 2018 (PDF) (Report). chennaimetrorail.org. Archived (PDF) from the original on 8 June 2019. Retrieved 16 August 2010.
  82. ↑ Sekar, Sunitha (5 September 2017). "CMRL takes the fight to birds". The Hindu. Archived from the original on 6 September 2017. Retrieved 30 September 2017.
  83. ↑ Sekar, Sunitha (16 July 2014). "Chennai Metro to get a second depot". The Hindu. Archived from the original on 15 February 2016. Retrieved 4 October 2014.
  84. ↑ Sekar, Sunitha (5 May 2018). "Metro Rail extension gathers pace". The Hindu. Archived from the original on 26 February 2020. Retrieved 12 May 2018.
  85. ↑ "Single train trip to equal 160 buses, 3000 cars and 6000 bikes". The Hindu. 29 August 2012. Archived from the original on 30 August 2012. Retrieved 1 December 2023.
  86. ↑ Timings of Chennai Metro Rail As of January 2022 (PDF). Chennai Metro Rail (Report). Archived (PDF) from the original on 25 January 2022.
  87. ↑ Karthikeyan, K. (26 July 2014). "High tech control room for Chennai metro". Deccan Chronicle. Archived from the original on 4 October 2014. Retrieved 4 October 2014.
  88. ↑ Sekar, Sunitha (11 February 2019). "Chennai Metro: Now, ride from Washermanpet to airport takes just 40 minutes". The Hindu. Archived from the original on 27 March 2019. Retrieved 11 February 2019.
  89. ↑ Chennai Metro fare table (PDF) (Report). Chennai Metro. Archived (PDF) from the original on 16 December 2023. Retrieved 6 November 2023.
  90. ↑ "Tickets issued by CMRL". Chennai Metro. Archived from the original on 6 September 2019. Retrieved 6 November 2019.
  91. ↑ "Chennai Metro to issue printed QR code tickets". The Times of India. 24 October 2021. Archived from the original on 27 April 2022. Retrieved 27 April 2022.
  92. 1 2 Manikandan, K.; Srinivasan, Meera (10 January 2013). "Girder crash kills worker at Chennai Metro Rail site". The Hindu. Archived from the original on 19 April 2014. Retrieved 6 June 2016.
  93. ↑ Sekar, Sunitha (11 January 2014). "Metro Rail worker dies as crane topples". The Hindu. Retrieved 1 June 2023.
  94. ↑ "Software techie dies as iron rod falls on him". The New Indian Express. 17 June 2015. Archived from the original on 29 June 2016. Retrieved 6 June 2016.
  95. ↑ "City metro rides second most expensive in India". The Times of India. Archived from the original on 5 January 2018. Retrieved 4 January 2018.
  96. ↑ "Was Metro tunnelling work executed without disturbing water sources, asks High Court". The Hindu. Chennai. 14 March 2019. Archived from the original on 10 February 2020. Retrieved 1 May 2019.
  97. ↑ "Press Release from CMRL" (PDF). Archived (PDF) from the original on 28 April 2021.
Wikimedia Commons has media related to Chennai Metro.
Wikivoyage has a travel guide for Chennai.
This article is issued from Wikipedia. The text is licensed under Creative Commons - Attribution - Sharealike. Additional terms may apply for the media files.