Orpington
A Black Orpington hen
Country of originUnited Kingdom
Standard
Traits
Weight
  • Male:
    3.60–4.55 kg[1]
  • Female:
    2.70–3.60 kg
Skin colourwhite
Egg colourbrown[2]: 228 
Comb typemedium single
Classification
APAEnglish
PCGBsoft feather: heavy[3]

The Orpington is a British breed of chicken. It was bred in the late nineteenth century by William Cook of Orpington, Kent, in south-east England.[4]: 115  It was intended to be a dual-purpose breed, to be reared both for eggs and for meat, but soon became exclusively a show bird.[5][6]

History

The original Black Orpington was bred by William Cook in 1886 by crossing Minorcas, Langshans and Plymouth Rocks to create a new hybrid bird. Cook selected a black bird that would exhibit well by hiding the dirt and soot of London.[7]: 158  When the breed was shown in Madison Square Gardens in 1895, its popularity soared.[4]: 115  Cook also bred the Orpington Duck.[8]: 74 

The original colours are black, white, buff, blue and splash. Although there are many additional varieties recognised throughout the world, only the original colours are recognised by the American Standard, the Buff being the most common colour.[9]: 98  In the beginning of the twentieth century, Herman Kuhn of Germany developed a Bantam variety.[7]: 254  The Bantam retains the appearance of the full-size bird, but in a smaller size. There is a large variety of colours in the Bantam version, including black, blue laced, white, buff, red, buff black laced, barred, buff Columbian, and birchen.[7]: 254  The Bantam retains the friendly personality of the Standard breed, and seldom or never flies.[7]: 254 

A Buff Orpington hen

In the UK, the club dedicated to the breed is the Orpington Club, which merged with the Orpington Bantam Club in 1975. The United Orpington Club is the American breeder's club, and the Orpington Club of Australia is the Australian club for the breed.

Characteristics

There are two similar but different standards for Orpingtons. The first is published by the Poultry Club of Great Britain and asks for a weight from 3.60 to 4.55 kg for cocks and 2.70 to 3.60 kg for hens.[1] They also ask for a heavy, broad body with a low stance, with fluffed-out feathers which make it look large; the down from the body covers most of the legs. Other characteristics of their Orpingtons are a curvy shape with a short back and U-shaped underline, and a small head with a medium single comb.

Use

Orpingtons lay about 175 to 200[7]: 158  medium to large[4]: 115  light-brown eggs a year.

It was said that at one time Orpingtons were capable of laying as many as 340[4]: 115  eggs per year. The decline in production was due to breeders selecting for looks over utility.[9]: 98 

References

  1. 1 2 The Orpington Breed Standards. The Orpington Club. Accessed August 2014.
  2. ↑ Victoria Roberts (2008). British poultry standards: complete specifications and judging points of all standardized breeds and varieties of poultry as compiled by the specialist breed clubs and recognised by the Poultry Club of Great Britain. Oxford: Blackwell. ISBN 9781405156424.
  3. ↑ Breed Classification. Poultry Club of Great Britain. Archived 12 June 2018.
  4. 1 2 3 4 Pam Percy (2006). The Field Guide to Chickens. St. Paul, Minnesota: Voyageur Press. ISBN 9780760324738.
  5. ↑ Chickens: Soft Feather: Heavy. Poultry Club of Great Britain. Archived 18 November 2018.
  6. ↑ Orpington. Poultry Club of Great Britain. Accessed October 2019.
  7. 1 2 3 4 5 Esther Verhoff (2003). The Complete Encyclopedia of Chickens. Lisse, Netherlands: Rebo International. ISBN 9789036615921.
  8. ↑ Dave Holderread (2011). Storey's Guide to Raising Ducks, 2nd edition. North Adams, Massachusetts: Storey Publishing. ISBN 9781603427456.
  9. 1 2 Carol Ekarius (2007). Storey's Illustrated Guide to Poultry Breeds. North Adams, Massachusetts: Storey Publishing. ISBN 9781580176675.

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