Brazilian–British relations
Map indicating locations of Brazil and United Kingdom

Brazil
United Kingdom
Diplomatic mission
Embassy of Brazil, LondonEmbassy of the United Kingdom, Brasília
Envoy
Brazilian Ambassador to the United Kingdom Fred ArrudaBritish Ambassador to Brazil Melanie Hopkins
U.K. Prime Minister Boris Johnson (right) and Brazilian President Jair Bolsonaro (left) in September 2021.

Brazil–United Kingdom relations are the diplomatic relations between Brazil and the United Kingdom. Both nations are members of the G20, United Nations and the World Trade Organization.

Country comparison

Common nameBrazilUnited Kingdom
Official nameFederative Republic of BrazilUnited Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland
Coat of arms United Kingdom
Flag Brazil United Kingdom
Area 8,515,767 km2 (3,287,956 sq mi) 242,495 km2 (93,628 sq mi)
Population (est. 2023) 216,408,124 68,795,198
Capital Brasília London
Largest metropolitan area São Paulo – 1,521.11 km2 (7,946.96 km2 metro) London – 1,485 km2 (13,709,000 km2 metro)
Government Federal presidential constitutional republic Unitary parliamentary constitutional monarchy
First leader Pedro I of Brazil Robert Walpole
Current leader Luiz Inácio Lula da Silva Rishi Sunak
Established
  • 1922
Official languages Brazilian Portuguese British English
Currency Brazilian real Pound sterling

History

In 1825, the United Kingdom (UK) recognized Brazil's independence from Portugal.[1] In 1826, Brazil and the UK signed a treaty to abolish the slave trade in Brazil, the British-Brazilian Treaty of 1826. However, slave trafficking continued unabated to Brazil, and the British government's passage of the Aberdeen Act of 1845 authorized British warships to board Brazilian shipping and seize any found involved in the slave trade.[2] In 1861, a diplomatic crisis ensued between both nations when a British merchant ship Prince of Wales was wrecked off the coast of Rio Grande do Sul and many of its commodities were seized and crew imprisoned. This was correlated with the Aberdeen Act as the UK supported the abolition of slavery in Brazil as a means to increase the number of consumers of British products. This diplomatic crisis became known as the Christie Question which led Brazil to break diplomatic relations with the UK. Diplomatic relations were once again restored five years later.

In June 1871, Emperor Pedro II of Brazil paid a six-week visit to the UK. During his stay, the Emperor met with Queen Victoria at both Windsor Castle and at Osborne House on the Isle of Wight.[3] The Emperor would return to the UK for a second time in 1876 during his second European tour. In 1901, both nations signed a border agreement between Brazil and British Guiana.[1] In 1919, both nations elevated their diplomatic legations to embassies.

During World War II, both nations fought side by side during the Italian campaign. In November 1968, Queen Elizabeth II paid her first and only official visit to Brazil.[4] During the Falklands War between the UK and Argentina; Brazil remained strategically neutral during the conflict, however, the Brazilian government maintained that Argentina had rights to the Falkland Islands and banned British aircraft from landing in Brazil.[1]

In 1997, Fernando Henrique Cardoso became the first Brazilian President to pay a visit to the UK. In 2001, Tony Blair became the first British Prime Minister to visit Brazil.[1] There would later be several visits and reunions between leaders of both nations, including visits to Brazil by the British royal family.

During the 7 July 2005 London bombings, British police misidentified a man as a suspect during the bombings and fatally shot Brazilian national Jean Charles de Menezes on 22 July.[5] The incident brought tension in the relationship between both nations.

Since the incident, diplomatic relations between both nations have improved. The UK has seen the growing political and economic importance of Brazil as an opportunity. Furthermore, the UK has explicitly supported Brazil for a permanent membership of the United Nations Security Council, as part of wider UN reform.[6] The UK ranks ninth on the list of countries with the highest flows of direct investments in Brazil, with US$1.17 billion in gross inflows that occurred in 2017.[1]

In January 2020, the UK has sought a trade deal with Mercosur (which includes Brazil) following the UK leaving the European Union with Brexit.[7]

In September 2021, Brazilian President Jair Bolsonaro claimed that British Prime Minister Boris Johnson had approached him asking for an "emergency food deal" to cover for food products missing in the UK.[8] This claim was disputed by British officials.[9] After the death of Queen Elizabeth II, the president Jair Bolsonaro declared a national mourning for three days duel and residences flew its national flag at half-mast.

High-level visits

British Prime Minister Gordon Brown and Brazilian President Luiz Inácio Lula da Silva in Davos; 2007.

High-level visits from Brazil to the United Kingdom

High-level visits from the United Kingdom to Brazil

Bilateral agreements

Both nations have signed a few agreements such a Treaty to abolish the slave trade (1826); Agreement for the exchange of information relating to tax matters (2011); Memorandum of Understanding to strengthen trade ties and to accelerate the review of patent applications (2018) and an Agreement to promote cooperation on public healthcare (2019).

Resident diplomatic missions

See also

References

  1. 1 2 3 4 5 Brasil-Reino Unido (in Portuguese)
  2. ↑ Brazilian Treaty
  3. ↑ "Brazil's Emperor Tourist". Archived from the original on 22 November 2008. Retrieved 23 April 2020.
  4. ↑ 50 year anniversary of Queen Elizabeth II's visit to Brazil
  5. ↑ "Jean Charles de Menezes family loses European court fight". BBC News. Archived from the original on 20 October 2022.
  6. ↑ UK–Brazil Relations
  7. ↑ Brazil to seek a Mercosur-UK trade deal similar of agreement with EU
  8. ↑ "British PM Johnson wanted emergency food deal, says Brazil's Bolsonaro, embassy disagrees". Politico. 24 September 2021.
  9. ↑ "UK disputes claim by Brazil's Bolsonaro that Johnson sought emergency food deal". reuters.com. 24 September 2021.
  10. ↑ Embassy of Brazil in London
  11. ↑ Embassy of the United Kingdom in Brasília
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