Botkin (Russian: Боткин) or Botkina (feminine; Боткина) is a common Russian or Scottish surname which may refer to:

• Benjamin A. Botkin (1901–1975), American folklorist and scholar
• Cordelia Botkin (1854–1910), American murderer
• Eugene Botkin (1865–1918), Russian court physician, father of Gleb and Tatiana
• Gleb Botkin (1900–1969), novelist and founder of the Church of Aphrodite, son of Eugene Botkin
• Jeremiah D. Botkin (1849–1921), U.S. Representative from Kansas
• Kirk Botkin (born 1971), American football player who performed in the National Football League; college football coach
• Max Botkin, American screenwriter and producer
• Mikhail Botkin (1839-1914), Russian artist
• Sean Botkin, American pianist
• Sergey Botkin (1832–1889), Russian clinician and therapist
• Vasily Botkin (1812-1869), critic and essayist, brother of Sergey Botkin
• Tatiana Botkina (1898–1986), daughter of Russian court physician Eugene Botkin