The Boscombe Bowmen is the name given by archaeologists to a group of early Bronze Age (Bell Beaker) people found in a shared burial at Boscombe Down in Amesbury (grid reference SU16384105[1]) near Stonehenge in Wiltshire, England.

Discovery

The burials were found in 2003 during roadworks being carried out on behalf of Qinetiq, the contractor that operates the Boscombe Down military airfield. The site is near a group of houses (known as Lower Camp) in Amesbury which are associated with the airfield (which lies to the east).[2]

The burials

The grave contained the remains of at least nine individuals including several juveniles, five adult males and the cremated remains of an infant.[3] Analysis of the skulls suggests that the men and the teenager were related to each other. The eldest man was buried in a crouched position with the bones of the others scattered around him, and their skulls resting at his feet. They became known as the Bowmen because several flint arrowheads were placed in the grave. Other grave goods included a boar's tusk, a bone toggle, flint tools, and eight Beaker vessels; an unusually high number.

The burials are thought to date from around 2500 - 2200 BCE,[3] making them broadly contemporary with the Amesbury Archer who had been found the year before about half a kilometre to the south.[3] The broad date range is an artefact of the ranges of radiocarbon dates for different remains and archaeologists believe the grave was in use over a much shorter timescale of 25–50 years.[3]

Analysis

Lead isotope analysis of the men's teeth has indicated that they grew up in the areas either of modern Wales or in the Lake District, but left in childhood. This was at first thought to be contemporary with the major building work of erecting the sarsen circle and the trilithons at Stonehenge but research published in 2007 indicates that these burials occurred shortly after Stonehenge Phase 3ii.[4]

Display

The finds are on display at the Wessex Gallery of Archaeology, which opened at the Salisbury Museum in 2014.

The bowmen feature as characters in Mark Patton's novel Undreamed Shores,[5] and part of the storyline is based on the circumstances of their burial.[6]

See also

References

  1. ↑ Fitzpatrick, A. P. (November 2013). The Amesbury Archer and the Boscombe Bowmen: Early Bell Beaker burials at Boscombe Down, Amesbury, Wiltshire. Wessex Archaeology. p. 6. ISBN 978-1874350620.
  2. ↑ Fitzpatrick, A. P. (November 2013). The Amesbury Archer and the Boscombe Bowmen: Early Bell Beaker burials at Boscombe Down, Amesbury, Wiltshire. Wessex Archaeology. p. 4. ISBN 978-1874350620.
  3. 1 2 3 4 Roberts, Alice (2021). Ancestors. Simon & Schuster. pp. 264, 265, 269. ISBN 978-1-4711-8804-6.
  4. ↑ Pearson, Mike; Ros Cleal; Peter Marshall; Stuart Needham; Josh Pollard; Colin Richards; Clive Ruggles; Alison Sheridan; Julian Thomas; Chris Tilley; Kate Welham; Andrew Chamberlain; Carolyn Chenery; Jane Evans; Chris Knüsel (September 2007). "The Age of Stonehenge" (PDF). Antiquity. 811 (313): 617–639. doi:10.1017/S0003598X00095624. S2CID 162960418.
  5. ↑ Patton, M. A. 2012 Undreamed Shores, Edinburgh, Crooked Cat Publications. ISBN 1908910410; ISBN 978-1908910417.
  6. ↑ "Nancy Jardine Author: MORE ON THOSE ALL IMPORTANT SECONDARY CHARACTERS". Nancy Jardine Author. 30 May 2012. Retrieved 28 April 2021.
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