The Bitch Wars, or Suka Wars (Russian: сучьи войны, romanized: suchyi voyny or in singular: Russian: сучья война, romanized: suchya voyna), occurred in the Soviet Gulag labor-camp system between 1945 and 1953, around the time of Joseph Stalin's death. In this conflict rival sides were often identified by the system of tattoos common in Soviet prisons at the time.[1]

Background

The Russian word suka (Russian: сука, literally "bitch") has a different negative connotation than its English equivalent. In Russian criminal argot, it specifically refers to a person from the criminal world who has "made oneself a bitch" (Russian: ссучился, romanized: ssuchilsya) by cooperating in any way with law enforcement or with the government. Within the Soviet prison system, a social structure had existed since the Russian Tsarist era; one of its most important tenets decreed that members not serve or collaborate with the Tsarist (and later, Soviet) government. This rule encompassed all types of collaboration and not just "snitching" or "ratting out". It included simple communication, seeking emergency help from any authority figures, even factory foremen.[2][3]

Second World War

As the Second World War progressed, Joseph Stalin offered many prisoners a pardon or sentence reduction at war's end in exchange for military service. After the war ended, many of those who had taken up the offer returned to prisons and labor camps, but were declared suki and placed at the lower end of the unofficial prisoner hierarchy. As a result, they sought to survive by collaborating with prison officials, in return getting some of the better jobs in the prison.[4]

This led to an internal prison war between the so-called suki and the Russian criminal underground, called "Thieves in Law". Many prisoners died in the Bitch War, but prison authorities turned a blind eye since prisoner deaths reduced the overall prison population.[5]

See also

References

  1. ↑ Baldaev, D. S. (2003). Russian criminal tattoo encyclopaedia. A. Plut︠s︡er-Sarno. Göttingen, Ger.: Steidl/Fuel. p. 31. ISBN 3-88243-920-3. OCLC 56024090.
  2. ↑ Varlam Shalamov, Essays on Criminal World, "Bitch War" (Shalamov's essay online (in Russian)) in: Varlam Shalamov (1998) "Complete Works" (Варлам Шаламов. Собрание сочинений в четырех томах), vol. 2, printed by publishers Vagrius and Khudozhestvennaya Literatura, ISBN 5-280-03163-1, ISBN 5-280-03162-3
  3. ↑ A. V. Kuchinsky Prison Encyclopedia, (Кучинский А.В. - Тюремная энциклопедия, a fragment online Archived 2008-04-24 at the Wayback Machine (in Russian))
  4. ↑ Varlam Shalamov, Essays on Criminal World, "Bitch War" (Shalamov's essay online (in Russian)) in: Varlam Shalamov (1998) "Complete Works" (Варлам Шаламов. Собрание сочинений в четырех томах), vol. 2, printed by publishers Vagrius and Khudozhestvennaya Literatura, ISBN 5-280-03163-1, ISBN 5-280-03162-3
  5. ↑ Saatchi, Charles Nathan (10 September 2014). Known unknowns. London: Booth-Clibborn Editions. p. 248. ISBN 9781861543622.

Further reading

  • Александр Сидоров (2005) "Воры против сук. Подлинная история воровского братства, 1941-1991", ISBN 5-699-09276-5
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