Bernkastel-Kues
Town
Bernkastel-Kues
Coat of arms
Location of Bernkastel-Kues within Bernkastel-Wittlich district
Bernkastel-Kues Show map of Germany Bernkastel-Kues Show map of Rhineland-Palatinate
Coordinates: 49°54′58″N 07°04′10″E / 49.91611°N 7.06944°E / 49.91611; 7.06944
Country	Germany
State	Rhineland-Palatinate
District	Bernkastel-Wittlich
Municipal assoc.	Bernkastel-Kues
Government
• Mayor (2019–24)	Wolfgang Port[1] (CDU)
Area
• Total	23.66 km2 (9.14 sq mi)
Elevation	110 m (360 ft)
Population  (2021-12-31)[2]
• Total	7,114
• Density	300/km2 (780/sq mi)
Time zone	UTC+01:00 (CET)
• Summer (DST)	UTC+02:00 (CEST)
Postal codes	54470
Dialling codes	06531
Vehicle registration	WIL, BKS
Website	www.bernkastel.de

Copper engraving after Matthäus Merian

Town Hall

Spitzhäuschen

Marketplace

Ruins of Landshut Castle

Bernkastel-Kues (German pronunciation: [ˌbɛʁnkastl̩ˈkuːs] ^ⓘ) is a town on the Middle Mosel in the Bernkastel-Wittlich district in Rhineland-Palatinate, Germany. It is a well-known winegrowing centre. The town is a state-recognized health resort (Erholungsort), seat of the Verbandsgemeinde of Bernkastel-Kues and birthplace of one of the most famous German polymaths, the mediaeval churchman and philosopher Nikolaus von Kues (Cusanus).

Geography

History

The earliest evidence of human habitation (3000 BC) was discovered by archaeologists in Kues. About AD 370, Decimus Magnus Ausonius, the Roman poet and teacher at the Imperial court, wrote his poem Mosella. Adalbero von Luxemburg (d. 1036 or 1037), Provost of the Trier Monastery of St. Paulin, became Lord of Bernkastel in the early 11th century.

In the first half of the 11th century, Bernkastel had its first documentary mention.

At the turn of the 8th century, a geographer described a place called Princastellum. This is said to be evidence of a Roman castellum in the 4th century near today's Landshut castle ruin. Pointing to this are, among other things, fittings and finds of ceramic and iron underneath the castle.

The 12th-century form of the name, Beronis castellum, was a learned re-Latinization, which was related to Adalbero von Luxemburg. Work was begun on the third castle building under the lordship of Archbishop of Trier Heinrich II of Finstingen.

On 29 May 1291, King Rudolph I of Germany granted Berrincastel town rights. The castle, Burg Landshut, which was built at that time, was given this name only in the 16th century. In 1332, the town rights were reaffirmed by Emperor Louis the Bavarian's Sammelprivileg (a kind of omnibus decree that dealt with many rights and privileges). Under the terms of the Golden Bull of 1356, Bohemond II became Elector. According to legend, he was brought back to health from a serious illness by a glass of wine, giving rise to the legend of the Berncastler Doctor winery.

In 1401, Nikolaus von Kues, also known by his Latinized name Nicolaus Cusanus, was born in Moselle shipowner Henne Cryfftz's house, which is well preserved and can be visited. In 1451, the St.-Nikolaus-Hospital, a hospital for the poor, was built.

In 1505, in an Electoral edict from Jakob II, the name Landshut for the archiepiscopal castle crops up for the first time. Emperor Maximilian I spent a night in Bernkastel in 1512 on the way to the Imperial Diet at Trier.

The Plague raged in Bernkastel in 1627, and in Kues in 1641. In 1692, Castle Landshut fell victim to fire and since then it has been a ruin.

From 1794 to 1814, Bernkastel was a cantonal chef-lieu under French rule. At the Congress of Vienna in 1815, Bernkastel and Kues were annexed to the Kingdom of Prussia. In 1821 Bernkastel became a district seat. In 1848, the Revolution came to Bernkastel as it had to many of the then politically disunited German lands: The black-red-gold flag was hoisted at the town hall and a militia was formed.

The first road bridge between Bernkastel and Kues was built between 1872 and 1874, as was the first railway link in 1882 and 1883. In 1891, Bernkastel marked its 600-year jubilee as a town.

The town in its current form came into being on 1 April 1905 through the merger of the town of Bernkastel with the winemaking village of Kues across the river. In 1926 there arose great unrest among winemakers along the Moselle, and the financial office in Bernkastel and the customs office in Kues were stormed.

On Kristallnacht (9 November 1938), there were great riots against Jewish inhabitants, and the synagogue was destroyed.

In 1946, the first democratic elections after the Second World War were held. Hans Weber became mayor.

In 1970, Andel and Wehlen were amalgamated with the town. With administrative reform in Rhineland-Palatinate, the Verbandsgemeinde of Bernkastel-Kues was formed through the merger of the Ämter of Bernkastel-Land, Lieser, Mülheim, Zeltingen and the town of Bernkastel-Kues.

In 1997, the Burgbergtunnel, a traffic bypass, had its festive opening.

Bernkastel-Kues was the host town for the annual Intercamp Camporee for the year 2008. Scouting councils from the USA, Canada, the Czech Republic, Germany, France, and many other European countries attended the event on May 9–11.

In 2000 began the partnership between Bernkastel-Kues and Karlovy Vary in the Czech Republic. In 2005, the town celebrated the centenary of the merger of Bernkastel and Kues, and the municipality became a “climatic health resort” (Heilklimatischer Kurort).

Politics

Coat of arms

Town's old arms

Coat of arms of Bernkastel-Kues

The town's arms might be described thus: Quarterly, first and fourth sable a key palewise argent, the wards to chief and sinister, second Or a bear passant of the first, and third Or a crayfish palewise gules, the head to chief.

The arms borne until 1951 were similar, but there were two notable differences:

• The third quarter bore another bear, like the second quarter, but it was turned to sinister (armsbearer's left, viewer's right);
• There was a silver inescutcheon at the fess point (centre) charged with a red cross,^[5] (i.e., the arms of the Archbishopric of Trier).

The keys are meant to be the keys of heaven held by Saint Peter, to whom the Archbishopric of Trier is consecrated. The bear is the town's armorial bearing, and is canting (“bear” is Bär in German). The crayfish, also canting, as the blazon calls it a Krebs (a word applied to any of a number of crustacean creatures), stands for Nikolaus von Kues, whose family name was Cryfftz (the same as Krebs in High German).^[6] There are only two other towns in Germany whose arms bear a crustacean charge, namely Bad Wurzach in the Allgäu and Cottbus.

Culture and sightseeing

Hospital Cues (Cusanusstift) in Bernkastel-Kues in 1831. Hand-coloured aquatint engraving by F. Hegi after Karl Bodmer.

Cusanusstift, east view from the Moselle bridge

The Moselle near Bernkastel-Kues.

The Moselle near Bernkastel with the bridge at Kues.

Worth seeing in Bernkastel is the mediaeval marketplace with its gabled timber-frame houses from the 17th century, foremost among which is the narrow Spitzhäuschen (“Pointed House”) from 1416. Around the St. Michaelsbrunnen (“Saint Michael’s Fountain”) from 1606 gathers a row of well-preserved buildings and also the Renaissance Town Hall from 1608. The Graach Gate is an often visited tourist attraction. Above the constituent community of Bernkastel lie the Castle Landshut ruins, a former summer residence of the Archbishops of Trier that was destroyed by fire on 8 January 1692. It today serves as a popular lookout point over the Moselle valley. Also worth seeing is the only town gate that is still standing, the Graacher Tor (“Graach Gate”).

The town furthermore has several squares at its disposal; beyond the mediaeval marketplace are the Platz am Bärenbrunnen (“Square at the Bear’s Fountain”) and the Karlsbader Platz (“Karlovy Vary Square” – named after the partner town, which is called Karlsbad in German) opened in July 2005. The Doctorbrunnen (“Doctor Fountain”) depicts scenes of the old legend about a local wine, the famous "Bernkasteler Doctor". Another well-known point of interest is the Late Gothic St. Nikolaus-Hospital (Cusanusstift), an Electoral complex of Nikolaus von Kues. The institution's library has an outstanding scientific range of works. It is also well known for its chapel, where the heart of the great philosopher, cardinal and polymath Nikolaus von Kues (Cusanus) is buried. Near the outlying centre of Wehlen lies the former Machern Monastery in whose rooms are now found a winery, a house brewery and a restaurant.

Economy and infrastructure

Winegrowing

Riesling grapes

Bernkastel with the “Doctor” vineyard

Historically, the most important economic sector has been winegrowing. Within the Bernkastel area, vines are worked overwhelmingly in steep-slope vineyards in an area of 5,844 ha.^[7] There are still many wineries in Bernkastel-Kues today. Riesling is the customary grape variety, although smaller quantities of other varieties, such as Burgunder, Rivaner, Kerner and Dornfelder, are also grown.

Within town limits, the winemaking appellations – Großlagen – Münzlay (Wehlen), Badstube (Bernkastel) and Kurfürstlay (Bernkastel, Kues and Andel) are represented by the following vineyards:

Andeler Goldschatz Bernkasteler Alte Badstube am Doctorberg Bernkasteler Bratenhöfchen Bernkasteler Doctor Bernkasteler Johannisbrünnchen Bernkasteler Lay Bernkasteler Matheisbildchen Bernkasteler Graben Bernkastel-Kueser Kardinalsberg

Bernkastel-Kueser Rosenberg Bernkastel-Kueser Schlossberg Bernkastel-Kueser Stephanus Rosengärtchen Bernkastel-Kueser Weisenstein Wehlener Abtei Wehlener Hofberg Wehlener Klosterberg Wehlener Nonnenberg Wehlener Sonnenuhr

Notable people

Charles IV de Lorraine 1663

• Nikolaus von Kues (Cusanus) (1401–1464), philosopher, theologian, jurist and astronomer
• Charles IV, Duke of Lorraine (1604–1675), Duke of Lorraine, died in Bernkastel
• Hermann Schroeder (1904–1984), composer
• Heiner Thiel (born 1957), sculptor and curator
• Stuart Pigott (born 1960), British, wine specialist, author and journalist

Twin towns – sister cities

Sign of Karlovy Vary's sister cities

Bernkastel-Kues is twinned with:

• Karlovy Vary, Czech Republic

Panorama

180° panorama of Bernkastel from the Moselle’s bank in Kues

Further reading

• Franz Schmitt: Chronik von Cues. Bernkastel-Kues 1981.
• Franz Schmitt: Bernkastel im Wandel der Zeiten. Trier 1985.

References

External links

Wikimedia Commons has media related to Bernkastel-Kues.

• Town’s official webpage (in German)
• Official webpage in English of Tourism of Bernkastel-Kues in Moselle Valley
• Brief portrait of Bernkastel at SWR Fernsehen (in German)
• Constituent community of Andel Archived 2018-01-10 at the Wayback Machine (in German)
• Constituent community of Wehlen (in German)
• Moselfestwochen (in German)