| Gulf of Tonkin | |||||||||||||||
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| Chinese name | |||||||||||||||
| Traditional Chinese | 北部灣 東京灣 | ||||||||||||||
| Simplified Chinese | 北部湾 东京湾 | ||||||||||||||
| Literal meaning | Northern Gulf Gulf of Tonkin | ||||||||||||||
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| Vietnamese name | |||||||||||||||
| Vietnamese alphabet | Vịnh Bắc Bộ Vịnh Bắc Phần Vịnh Đông Kinh Vịnh Bắc Việt | ||||||||||||||
| Chữ Hán | 泳北部 泳北份 泳東京 泳北越 | ||||||||||||||
The Gulf of Tonkin is a gulf at the northwestern portion of the South China Sea, located off the coasts of Tonkin (northern Vietnam) and South China. It has a total surface area of 126,250 km2 (48,750 sq mi). It is defined in the west and northwest by the northern coastline of Vietnam down to the Hòn La Island, in the north by China's Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, and to the east by the Leizhou Peninsula and Hainan Island.
Description and etymology
The name Tonkin, written "東京" in chữ Hán characters and Đông Kinh in the Vietnamese alphabet, means "eastern capital", and is the former toponym for Hanoi, the present capital of Vietnam. It is not to be confused with Tokyo, which is also written "東京" and also means "eastern capital". During the French colonial era, the northern region of today’s Vietnam was called Tonkin.
Bắc Bộ is the native Vietnamese name of Tonkin. The bay's Vietnamese and Chinese names – Vịnh Bắc Bộ and Běibù Wān, respectively – both mean "Northern Bay".
The Gulf of Tonkin is a relatively shallow portion of the Pacific Ocean; the majority of the gulf's ocean floor is less than 75 metres (246 ft) in depth, and no part of the gulf is submerged in more than 100 metres (330 ft) of water.[1]
History
Gulf of Tonkin incident
On 4 August 1964, United States President Lyndon B. Johnson claimed that North Vietnamese forces had twice attacked American destroyers in the Gulf of Tonkin.[2] Known today as the Gulf of Tonkin Incident, this event spawned the Gulf of Tonkin Resolution of 7 August 1964, ultimately leading to open war between North Vietnam and South Vietnam. It furthermore foreshadowed the major escalation of the Vietnam War in South Vietnam, which began with the landing of US regular combat troops at Da Nang in 1965.
See also
References
- ↑ Sterling, Eleanor; Hurley, Martha (2005-07-01). "Conserving Biodiversity in Vietnam: Applying Biogeography to Conservation Research Conserving Biodiversity in Vietnam: Applying Biogeography to Conservation Research". Proceedings of the California Academy of Sciences. 4. Retrieved 2023-01-09.
- ↑ Fletcher, Martin (1 December 2001). "LBJ tape 'confirms Vietnam war error'". The Times. Archived from the original on 1 December 2001.
Further reading
- Cooke, Nola; Li, Tana; Anderson, James A., eds. (2011). The Tongking Gulf Through History. Philadelphia, PA: University of Pennsylvania Press. ISBN 978-0812243369.
- Churchman, Catherine (2016). The People Between the Rivers: The Rise and Fall of a Bronze Drum Culture, 200–750 CE. Lanham, MD: Rowman & Littlefield. ISBN 978-1442258600.
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