House of Basarab
House of Basarab coat of arms
CountryWallachia
Founded1310
FounderBasarab I of Wallachia
Final ruler
TitlesPrince
(Voivode; Hospodar)
Estate(s)of Wallachia
Cadet branchesHouse of Dănești
House of Drăculești

The House of Basarab (also Bazarab or Bazaraad, Romanian: Basarab pronounced [basaˈrab] ⓘ) was a ruling family of Cuman origin,[1] which had an important role in the establishing of the Principality of Wallachia, giving the country its first line of Princes, one closely related with the Mușatin rulers of Moldavia. Its status as a dynasty is rendered problematic by the official elective system, which implied that male members of the same family, including illegitimate offspring, were chosen to rule by a council of boyars (more often than not, the election was conditioned by the military force exercised by candidates). After the rule of Alexandru I Aldea (ended in 1436), the house was split by the conflict between the Dănești and the Drăculești, both of which claimed legitimacy. Several late rulers of the Craiovești claimed direct descent from the House after its eventual demise, including Neagoe Basarab, Matei Basarab, Constantin Șerban, Șerban Cantacuzino, and Constantin Brâncoveanu.

Rulers usually mentioned as members of the House include (in chronological order of first rule) Mircea the Elder, Dan II, Vlad II Dracul, Vlad III the Impaler, Vlad the Monk, Radu IV the Great, and Radu of Afumați.

Name and origins

The dynasty was named after Basarab I, who gained the independence of Wallachia from the Kingdom of Hungary around 1325.

The name is likely of Cuman or Pecheneg Turkic[2][3][4][5] origin and most likely meant "father ruler". Basar was the present participle of the verb "to rule", derivatives attested in both old and modern Kypchak languages. The Romanian historian Nicolae Iorga believed the second part of the name, -aba ("father"), to be an honorary title, as recognizable in many Cuman names, such as Terteroba, Arslanapa, and Ursoba.

Basarab's "possible" father Thocomerius also bore an allegedly Cuman name, identified as Toq-tämir, a rather common Cuman and Tatar name in the 13th century. The Russian chronicles around 1295 refer to a Toktomer, a prince of the Mongol Empire present in Crimea.[6]

The Cuman or Pecheneg origin of the name indicates that the situation must have been very similar to what has been described in connection with the Asen family a hundred years before, although their origin is likewise disputed. Like Asen and his family, who were of non-Bulgarian extraction, and who founded a dynasty and became Bulgarians, Basarab and his family were also presumably of Cuman extraction, founded a dynasty, and became Romanians.[7]

Genealogy

The following genealogical tree is a simplified version, meant to show the ruling princes, their documented brothers and sisters, and the spouses/extramarital liaisons of those who had ruling heirs, following the conventions:

  • Ruling princes have their name emphasized and their ruling years in Wallachia.
  • Several members of House of Basarab ruled in Moldavia; those reigning years are marked with M.
  • Small numbers at the end of each name are meant to indicate the mother of each offspring.
  • There are two branches of the dynasty: Drăculeşti (DR) and Dăneşti (DA)
  • If the prince died while ruling, the last year is preceded by a cross.
  • Spouses and extramarital liaisons are separated by a horizontal line.
Basarab I
1310-†1352		Margareta
Theodora of WallachiaIvan Alexander of BulgariaNicolae Alexandru
1352-†1364		Maria Lackfy1
Clara Dobokai2
Maria Dabkai3
Royal dynasty of BulgariaVladislav I1
1364-†1377		Radu I1
1377-†1383		Ana1
Kalinikia2		Vladislaus II of Opole With Catarine Elis1{{{ELI}}}Vojislav1Anna of Wallachia 2Ivan Sratsimir of BulgariaAnca2Stephen Uroš V of Serbia
Dan IDA,1
1383-†1386		Maria of SerbiaMircea I2
1386-1394
1397-†1418		Maria Tolmay 1
Anca2		Staico2Royal dynasty of SilesiaRoyal dynasty of BulgariaRoyal dynasty of Serbia
Dan II DA
1422-1427
1427-†1431		?IoanVlad I?1394-†1397Mihail I1
1418-†1420		?Radu II1
1420-1422
†1427		Alexandru I1
1431-†1436		Vlad II DraculDR,1
1436-1442
1444-†1447		?1
Vassilissa of Moldavia2
Călţuna3
?4
Basarab IIDA
1442-1444		MariaDan III of Wallachia

Stanciul		Vladislav IIDA
1447-1448
1448-†1456		NeacşaBasarab IIIDA
1473
1474
1475-1476
1476-1477		Radu

Mihail		Mircea IIDR,1
1442		Vlad CalugarulDRRadu III the FairDRAlexandra2Vlad III the ImpalerDRMircea (Illegitimate)DR,4
1480

A printed family tree

Legacy

The Basarab name is the origin of several place names, including the region of Bessarabia (today part of Moldova and Ukraine) and a few towns, such as Basarabi in Romania, Basarabeasca in the Republic of Moldova, and Basarbovo in Bulgaria.

Queen Elizabeth II of the United Kingdom herself was descended from Princess Stanca of Basarab (1518?-1601) as an eighth-generation descendant of Claudine Rhédey von Kis-Rhéde of Erdőszentgyörgy, a Hungarian countess from the Teck-Cambridge family. Elizabeth was thus also a great-grandniece of Vlad IV the Monk.[8][9]

See also

References

  1. ↑ Vásáry, István (2009). Cumans and Tatars: Oriental Military in the Pre-Ottoman Balkans, 1185–1365 (1st ed.). Cambridge University Press. doi:10.1017/CBO9780511496622. ISBN 978-0521120289. The Cumans were the co-founders of three successive Bulgarian dynasties (Asenids, Romanian: Basarab Terterids and Shishmanids) and the Wallachian dynasty (Basarabids). They also played an active role in Byzantium, Hungary and Serbia, with Cuman immigrants being integrated into each country's elite.
  2. ↑ S. Brezeanu, Identități și solidarități medievale. Controverse istorice, pages 135–138 and 371–386.
  3. ↑ Rădvan, Laurențiu (2010). At Europe's Borders: Medieval Towns in the Romanian Principalities. p. 129.
  4. ↑ Sedlar, Jean W (2011). East Central Europe in the Middle Ages, 1000-1500. p. 24.
  5. ↑ Grumeza, Ion (2010). The Roots of Balkanization: Eastern Europe C.E. 500-1500. p. 51.
  6. ↑ Vásáry, István. Cumans and Tatars: Oriental Military in the Pre-Ottoman Balkans, 1185-1365.
  7. ↑ Vásáry, István (2005). Cumans and Tatars: Oriental Military in the Pre-Ottoman Balkans, 1185-1365. Cambridge University Press. p. 153. ISBN 9780521837569.
  8. ↑ Korva Coleman (November 8, 2012). "Why Prince Charles Has A Stake In Transylvania". NPR. Retrieved August 11, 2021. Prince Charles, the heir to the British throne, dropped this nugget last year on an interviewer: "Transylvania is in my blood. The genealogy shows that I'm descended from Vlad the Impaler, you see. So I do have a bit of a stake in the country."
  9. ↑ CBS News (October 28, 2011). "Vlad the Impaler: How is Prince Charles, Queen Elizabeth related to him?". CBS. Retrieved August 11, 2021.
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