"Baby, It's Cold Outside"
Song
Written1944
Published1949 by Susan Publications/Edwin H Morris and Co.
Songwriter(s)Frank Loesser

"Baby, It's Cold Outside" is a popular song written by Frank Loesser in 1944 and popularized in the 1949 film Neptune's Daughter. While the lyrics make no mention of a holiday, it is commonly regarded as a Christmas song owing to its winter theme. The song was released in eight recordings in 1949 — including well-known versions by Ella Fitzgerald and Louis Jordan, and by Dean Martin and Marilyn Maxwell — and has been covered numerous times since.

History

In 1944, Loesser wrote "Baby, It's Cold Outside" to sing with his wife, Lynn Garland, at their housewarming party in New York City at the Navarro Hotel. They sang the song to indicate to guests that it was time to leave.[1] Garland has written that after the first performance, "We became instant parlor room stars. We got invited to all the best parties for years on the basis of 'Baby.' It was our ticket to caviar and truffles. Parties were built around our being the closing act."[1] In 1948, after years of performing the song, Loesser sold it to MGM for the 1949 romantic comedy Neptune's Daughter. Garland was furious: "I felt as betrayed as if I'd caught him in bed with another woman."[2]

According to Esther Williams, the producers of Neptune's Daughter had planned to use a different Loesser song, "(I'd Like to Get You on a) Slow Boat to China", but studio censors thought it was too suggestive and replaced it with "Baby."[3]

The song won the 1950 Academy Award for Best Original Song.[4][5]

Lyrics

The song is a call and response duet between two people, a host (called "Wolf" in the score, usually performed by a male singer) and a guest (called "Mouse", usually performed by a female). Every line in the song features a statement from the guest followed by a response from the host. The lyrics consist of the host trying to convince the guest that she should stay for a romantic evening because he fears her getting too cold outside, despite the fact that she feels she should return home to her concerned family and neighbors.[6] In the film Neptune's Daughter, the song is first performed by Ricardo Montalbán and Esther Williams, then with a comic parody twist by Betty Garrett and Red Skelton: this time the man wants to leave and the woman wants him to stay.[7]

In at least one published version the tempo of the song is given as "Loesserando", a humorous reference to the composer's name.[8]

Controversy


While studying in the United States in 1949, the future leader of the Muslim Brotherhood, Sayyid Qutb, reportedly expressed outrage with the song and its perceived decadent use at dance in a church.[9]

Since 2009, the song has also faced criticism among some listeners for the alleged implications of its lyrics, with elements such as the line "Say, what's in this drink?" and the "Wolf's" unrelenting pressure for the "Mouse" to remain in spite of her repeated suggestions that she should go home being described as suggestive of sexual harassment or even date rape.[10][11]

However, others have noted that cultural expectations at the time of the song's writing were such that ladies were not socially permitted to spend the night with gentlemen to whom they were not married and that the woman states that she wants to stay, while "What's in this drink?" was a common idiom of the period used to sidestep social expectations by blaming one's actions on the influence of alcohol.[10][12][13] Susan Loesser, the daughter of songwriter Frank Loesser, attributed the controversy to the song being associated with Bill Cosby after television programs such as Saturday Night Live and South Park satirically depicted it being performed by the comedian, who had been accused of sexually assaulting numerous women and was convicted in one case that would eventually be overturned.[14][15]

In 2018, the airing of the song was canceled by a number of radio stations including Canada's CBC streaming service, after social media criticism and public pressure regarding the song's lyrics. This was referred to by some media outlets as part of a wider 'cancel culture' at the time of works liable to offend people.[16] On November 30, 2018, Cleveland, Ohio, radio station WDOK Star 102 announced that it had removed the song from its playlist due to its lyric content, based on listener input, amid the MeToo movement.[17] On December 4, 2018, the Canadian radio broadcasters Bell Media, CBC Radio, and Rogers Media followed suit. The decision was divisive among critics and the general public, with supporters arguing that the song's possible implications of date rape did not align with current societal norms, and others arguing that the decision was an appeal to political correctness.[18][19][20] Station KOIT in San Francisco, having placed the song "on hold" pending listener feedback, returned it to the playlist after 77% of respondents opposed its removal.[21] CBC Radio subsequently reinstated the song as well.[22] Following the controversy, the song rose to the top 10 of Billboard's digital sales list for the week of December 22, 2018, with a 70% increase in downloads.[23]

In 2019, vocalists John Legend and Kelly Clarkson also recorded the song with modified lyrics, written by Legend and Natasha Rothwell for an expanded edition of Legend's A Legendary Christmas album. The lyrical changes, which included lines from the "Wolf" emphasizing sexual consent, became a new source of controversy in their own right.[24][25] Deana Martin, whose father Dean Martin had recorded a popular version of the song in 1959, criticized the new interpretation as "absurd", saying her father would not have approved of altering the lyrics (which she maintained to be more sexually explicit in the new version than in Loesser's original) in order to appease contemporary sensibilities.[26]

1949 recordings

Other recordings

As of 2020, there are over 400 recordings of the song.[33] The following list is incomplete.

YearPerformerWorkSource
1951Louis Armstrong and Velma MiddletonSatchmo at Pasadena[34]
1955Eddie Fisher and June HuttonEddie Fisher Sings Academy Award Winning Songs[35]
1957Sammy Davis Jr. and Carmen McRaeBoy Meets Girl[36][37]
1959Jack Marshall (instrumental)Soundsville![38]
1959Dean Martin and female chorus[39]A Winter Romance[40]
1960Steve Lawrence and Eydie GorméWe Got Us[41]
1961Ray Charles and Betty CarterRay Charles and Betty Carter[42]
1961Marty Gold (instrumental)Stereo Action Goes Hollywood[43]
1964Al Hirt and Ann-MargretBeauty and the Beard[44]
1966Ted Heath and Edmundo Ros (instrumental)Heath vs. Ros: Round 2[45]
1966Henry Mancini and mixed chorusThe Academy Award Songs[46]
1966Jimmy Smith and Wes Montgomery (instrumental)Jimmy & Wes: The Dynamic Duo[47]
1967Skeeter Davis and Don Bowman[48]
1979Blossom Dearie and Bob DoroughNeedlepoint Magic, Vol. 5[49]
1990Barry Manilow and K. T. OslinBecause It's Christmas[50]
1991Bette Midler and James CaanFor the Boys: Music From The Motion Picture[51]
1994Nancy LaMott and Michael FeinsteinJust in Time for Christmas[52]
1995Lou Rawls and Dianne ReevesJazz to the World[53]
1996Vanessa Williams and Bobby CaldwellStar Bright[54]
1998Ann Hampton Callaway and Kenny RankinThis Christmas[55]
1999Tom Jones and Cerys MatthewsReload[56]
2000Tom Wopat and Antonia BennettThe Still of the Night[57]
2001Suzy Bogguss and Delbert McClintonHave Yourself a Merry Little Christmas[58]
2000Holly Cole and Ed RobertsonBaby, It's Cold Outside[59]
2002Brian Setzer and Ann-MargretBoogie Woogie Christmas[60]
2002Lee Ann Womack and Harry Connick Jr.The Season for Romance[61]
2003Zooey Deschanel and Leon RedboneElf: Music From The Major Motion Picture[62]
2004Jessica Simpson and Nick LacheyReJoyce: The Christmas Album[63]
2004Rod Stewart and Dolly PartonStardust: The Great American Songbook, Volume III[64]
2004James Taylor and Natalie ColeA Christmas Album[65]
2006Dean Martin and Martina McBrideChristmas with Dino[66]
2008Anne Murray and Michael BubléAnne Murray's Christmas Album[67]
2009Lady AntebellumCountry for Christmas[68]
2009Willie Nelson and Norah JonesAmerican Classic[69]
2009Rick Dempsey and Deanna BogartHome Run Holiday[70]
2010Chris Colfer and Darren CrissGlee: The Music, The Christmas Album[71]
2011Haley Reinhart and Casey Abrams[72]
2011She & HimA Very She & Him Christmas[73]
2012Colbie Caillat and Gavin DeGrawChristmas in the Sand[74]
2012Rufus Wainwright and Sharon Van EttenHolidays Rule[75]
2012Rita Coolidge with drummer Lynn CoulterA Rita Coolidge Christmas[76]
2012Cee Lo Green and Christina AguileraCee Lo's Magic Moment[77]
2012Lyle Lovett and Kat EdmonsonRelease Me[78]
2012Larry Lovestein and Ariana Grande[79]
2013Kelly Clarkson and Ronnie DunnWrapped in Red[80]
2013Jimmy Fallon and Cecily StrongSaturday Night Live[81][82]
2013Lady Gaga and Joseph Gordon-LevittLady Gaga and the Muppets Holiday Spectacular[83]
2014Connie Britton and Will ChaseChristmas with Nashville[84]
2014Joey DeFrancesco (instrumental)Home for the Holidays[85]
2014Seth MacFarlane and Sara BareillesHoliday for Swing[86]
2014Idina Menzel and Michael BubléHoliday Wishes[87]
2014Darius Rucker and Sheryl CrowHome for the Holidays[88]
2014Virginia to Vegas and Alyssa Reid[89]
2016Garth Brooks and Trisha YearwoodChristmas Together[90]
2016Jimmy Buffett and Nadirah Shakoor[lower-alpha 1]'Tis the SeaSon[92]
2016Brett Eldredge and Meghan TrainorGlow[93]
2016John Farnham and Olivia Newton-JohnFriends for Christmas[94]
2016Amy Grant and Vince GillTennessee Christmas[95]
2017Adrienne Bailon and Israel HoughtonBaby It's Cold Outside / Frio Frio[96]
2017Fantasia and CeeLo GreenChristmas After Midnight[97]
2017Kelley Jakle and Shelley RegnerPitch Perfect 3[98]
2017Avril Lavigne and Jonny Blu[99]
2017Willie Nelson and Lee Ann Womack[100]
2018Aaron WatsonAn Aaron Watson Family Christmas[101]
2019The BoysChristmas with the Boys[102]
2019Disco PiratesIt's Cold Outside (Don't Go)[103]
2019John Legend and Kelly ClarksonA Legendary Christmas: Deluxe Edition[104]
2019Scott Matthew and SiaSilent Nights[105]
2020Ludwig Ahgren and QTCinderellaA Very Mogul Christmas[106]
2020Gemma Collins and Darren Day[107]
2022Taj Mahal and Maria Muldaur[108]
  1. ↑ As in the She & Him version, Buffett and Shakoor reverse the gender-specific lyrics, with he the "Mouse" and she the "Wolf".[91]

Charts

Year-end charts

Idina Menzel and Michael Bublé version

Chart (2015) Position
US Adult Contemporary (Billboard)[171] 45

Brett Eldredge and Meghan Trainor version

Chart (2017) Position
US Adult Contemporary (Billboard)[172] 50

Certifications

Dean Martin version

Region CertificationCertified units/sales
United Kingdom (BPI)[173] Silver 200,000‡

‡ Sales+streaming figures based on certification alone.

Idina Menzel and Michael Bublé version

Region CertificationCertified units/sales
United Kingdom (BPI)[174] Gold 400,000‡

‡ Sales+streaming figures based on certification alone.

Brett Eldredge and Meghan Trainor version

Region CertificationCertified units/sales
United Kingdom (BPI)[175] Silver 200,000‡

‡ Sales+streaming figures based on certification alone.

See also

References

  1. 1 2 Loesser, Susan (1993). A Most Remarkable Fella : Frank Loesser and the guys and dolls in his life : a portrait by his daughter. Hal Leonard. p. 79. ISBN 0634009273. OCLC 44131813.
  2. ↑ "I've Got the Song Right Here!: Inside the Music of Frank Loesser". Schimmel Center at Pace University. October 26, 2016. Archived from the original on December 9, 2018. Retrieved December 9, 2018.
  3. ↑ Purdum, Todd S. (September 2, 1999). "AT HOME WITH: Esther Williams; Swimming Upstream". The New York Times. p. F1. Retrieved August 8, 2021.
  4. ↑ Roberts, David (2006). British Hit Singles & Albums (19th ed.). London: Guinness World Records Limited. p. 134. ISBN 1-904994-10-5.
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  10. 1 2 Hannun, Marya (December 19, 2014). "'Baby It's Cold Outside' was once an anthem for progressive women. What happened?". The Washington Post. Archived from the original on December 23, 2014. Retrieved January 14, 2015.
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