attrib
Developer(s)Intel, IBM, Microsoft, DR, Datalight, Novell, Phil Brutsche, ReactOS Contributors
Initial release1984, 38–39 years ago (DOS version)
Operating systemISIS-II, PC DOS, MS-DOS, MSX-DOS, SISNE plus, OS/2, eComStation, ArcaOS, Windows, DR DOS, ROM-DOS, FreeDOS, ReactOS, SymbOS
PlatformCross-platform
TypeCommand
LicenseFreeDOS, ReactOS: GPLv2

In computing, ATTRIB is a command in Intel ISIS-II,[1] DOS, IBM OS/2,[2] Microsoft Windows[3] and ReactOS[4] that allows the user to change various characteristics, or "attributes" of a computer file or directory. The command is also available in the EFI shell.[5]

History

Several operating systems provided a set of modifiable file characteristics that could be accessed and changed through a low-level system call. For example, as of release MS-DOS 4.0, the first six bits of the file attribute byte indicated whether or not a file was read-only (as opposed to writeable), hidden, a system file, a volume label, a subdirectory, or if the file had been "archived" (with the bit being set if the file had changed since the last use of the BACKUP command).[6] However, initial releases of the operating system did not provide user-level method for reading or changing these values.[7]

The initial version of the ATTRIB command for DOS was first included in version 3.0 of PC DOS, with functionality limited to changing the read-only attribute.[7] Subsequent versions allowed the read-only, hidden, system and archive bits to be set.[8] MS-DOS version 3.3 added the capability of recursive searching through subdirectories to display attributes of specified files.[9]

Digital Research DR DOS 6.0[10] and Datalight ROM-DOS[11] also include an implementation of the ATTRIB command.

The FreeDOS version was developed by Phil Brutsche and is licensed under the GPLv2.[12]

Uses

Setting the read-only bit of a file provided only partial protection against inadvertent deletion: while commands such as del and erase would respect the attribute, other commands such as DELTREE did not.[13] Changing the system attribute was not possible in early versions of Windows, thus requiring use of ATTRIB.[13] Similarly, a system crash in early versions of Windows could lead to a situation where a temporary file had the read-only bit set and was additionally (and irrevocably) locked by the Windows OS; in this instance, booting into DOS (thus avoiding the Windows lock) and unsetting the read-only attribute with ATTRIB was the recommended way of deleting the file.[14] Manipulating the archive bit allowed users to control which files were backed up using the BACKUP command.[7]

See also

References

  1. ↑ ISIS II Users Guide
  2. ↑ "JaTomes Help - OS/2 Commands". Archived from the original on 2019-04-14. Retrieved 2019-07-27.
  3. ↑ Microsoft TechNet Attrib article
  4. ↑ reactos/attrib.c at master · reactos/reactos · GitHub
  5. ↑ "EFI Shells and Scripting". Intel. Retrieved 2013-09-25.
  6. ↑ IBM Disk Operating System Version 4.00 Technical Reference (1st ed.). July 1988. p. 3:5.
  7. 1 2 3 Petzold, Charles (June 10, 1986). "Changing DOS File Attributes". PC Magazine. pp. 249–262.
  8. ↑ "DOS Attrib". Encyclopedia. PC Magazine. Archived from the original on 2012-03-02. Retrieved 2007-08-02.
  9. ↑ "Using ATTRIB, CHKDSK, or DIR Command to Locate Files". Microsoft. Archived from the original on 2014-09-01. Retrieved 2017-11-01.
  10. ↑ "DR DOS 6.0 User Guide Optimisation and Configuration Tips" (PDF). Archived from the original (PDF) on 2019-09-30. Retrieved 2019-08-13.
  11. ↑ "Datalight ROM-DOS User's Guide" (PDF). www.datalight.com.
  12. ↑ "FreeDOS 1.2 Updates Package - attrib (FreeDOS Base)". Ibiblio.org. 2003-07-01. Retrieved 2022-09-08.
  13. 1 2 O'Reilly, Tim; Mott, Troy; Glenn, Walter J. (1999). Windows 98 in a Nutshell: A Desktop Quick Reference. O'Reilly. pp. 303–306. ISBN 1-56592-486-X.
  14. ↑ Jones, James G.; Landes, Craig (2003). A+ Exam Cram 2: Windows 2000 Directory Services Infrastructure. Que. pp. 309–310. ISBN 0-7897-2867-2.

Further reading

  • Cooper, Jim (2001). Special Edition Using MS-DOS 6.22, Third Edition. Que Publishing. ISBN 978-0789725738.
  • Dyson, Peter (1995). Mastering OS/2 Warp. Sybex. ISBN 978-0782116632.
  • John Paul Mueller (2007). Windows Administration at the Command Line for Windows Vista, Windows 2003, Windows XP, and Windows 2000. John Wiley & Sons. ISBN 978-0470165799.
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