Artystone (Old Persian: *R̥tastūnā;[1] Ancient Greek: Ἀρτυστώνη Artustṓnē; Elamite Ir-taš-du-na, Ir-da-iš-du-na) also known as Irtašduna in the Fortification tablets, was a Persian princess, daughter of king Cyrus the Great, and sister or half-sister of Cambyses II, Atossa and Smerdis (Bardiyā).[2] Along with Atossa and her niece Parmys, Artystone married king Darius I.[3] It is argued that by marrying the female offspring of Cyrus, the founder of the empire, the new king aimed to prevent his rule from being contested,[4] since Darius himself was not of royal blood.[5]

Artystone and Darius had at least two sons, Arsames and Gobryas, and a daughter, Artazostre. According to the Greek historian Herodotus, Artystone was Darius' favourite wife.[6]

According to James Ussher, Artystone may have been another name for the biblical queen Esther, since Herodotus also called her Artystone the Virgin.[7] While Esther is commonly known as the wife of Xerxes or Artaxerxes, the Book of Esther lists her cousin Mordecai as present during Nebuchadnezzar's capture of Jehconiah[8] in 599 BC, and Josephus referencing him as a contemporary of Darius,[9] making it impossible for Mordecai to be alive during Xerxes' or Artexerxes' reigns.

Primary sources

Notes

  1. ↑ Smith 1849, p 368; Schmitt 1987, p. 665.
  2. ↑ Schmitt 1987.
  3. ↑ Herodotus (1921). The Histories. Vol. 2. Translated by Godley, A. D. Cambridge: Harvard University Press. pp. 3.88.2–3. ISBN 978-0674991309. Retrieved 2023-06-15.
  4. ↑ Brosius 1998, pp. 60, 62.
  5. ↑ Ussher, 1650, Annals of the World, 1007
  6. ↑ Herodotus (1921). The Histories. Vol. 2. Translated by Godley, A. D. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. pp. 7.69–72. ISBN 978-0674991316. Retrieved 2023-06-15. ...Artystone daughter of Cyrus, whom Darius loved best of his wives; he had an image made of her of hammered gold.
  7. ↑ Ussher, 1650, Annals of the World, 1036
  8. ↑ Esther 2:5-6
  9. ↑ Josephus, Antiquities of the Jews, Book 11:4:9

References

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