Armored trapdoor spiders
Idiops constructor, male
Scientific classification Edit this classification
Domain: Eukaryota
Kingdom: Animalia
Phylum: Arthropoda
Subphylum: Chelicerata
Class: Arachnida
Order: Araneae
Infraorder: Mygalomorphae
Clade: Avicularioidea
Family: Idiopidae
Simon, 1889
Diversity
23 genera, 441 species
Gorgyrella sp.

Idiopidae, also known as armored or spiny trapdoor spiders,[1] is a family of mygalomorph[2] spiders first described by Eugène Simon in 1889.[3]

Behaviour

Idiopidae build burrows, and some species close these with a door. Prothemenops siamensis from Thailand, which is about 2 cm long, builds its retreat in a streamside vertical earth bank in lower montane rainforest. Each burrow has two or three entrances that lead into a main tube.

Description

The spiders have large bodies, similar to those of tarantulas. In most species the males have a spur on their legs, which is used to immobilise the female and prevent her from biting during the mating process. The lateral posterior spinnerets are elongated.[4]

The oldest known idiopid, Number 16, died at the age of 43 years.[5]

Species

As of 2019, the World Spider Catalog accepted the following genera:[6]

  • Arbanitis L. Koch, 1874 — Australia
  • Blakistonia Hogg, 1902 — Australia
  • Bungulla Rix, Main, Raven & Harvey, 2017 — Australia
  • Cantuaria Hogg, 1902 — New Zealand, Australia
  • Cataxia Rainbow, 1914 — Australia
  • Cryptoforis Wilson, Rix & Raven, 2020 — Australia
  • Ctenolophus Purcell, 1904 — South Africa
  • Eucanippe Rix, Main, Raven & Harvey, 2017 — Australia
  • Eucyrtops Pocock, 1897 — Australia
  • Euoplos Rainbow, 1914 — Australia
  • Gaius Rainbow, 1914 — Australia
  • Galeosoma Purcell, 1903 — South Africa, Mozambique, Botswana
  • Genysa Simon, 1889 — Madagascar
  • Gorgyrella Purcell, 1902 — Zimbabwe, Tanzania, South Africa
  • Heligmomerus Simon, 1892 — Africa, Asia
  • Hiboka Fage, 1922 — Madagascar
  • Idiops Perty, 1833 — South America, Africa, Asia, Saint Vincent and the Grenadines
  • Idiosoma Ausserer, 1871 — Australia
  • Neocteniza Pocock, 1895 — Central America, South America
  • Prothemenops Schwendinger, 1991 — Thailand
  • Scalidognathus Karsch, 1892 — India, Sri Lanka
  • Segregara Tucker, 1917 — South Africa
  • Titanidiops Simon, 1903 — Morocco

See also

References

  1. ↑ American Arachnological Society Committee on Common Names of Arachnids (2003). Common Names of Arachnids (PDF) (Report) (Fifth ed.).
  2. ↑ Raven, R.J. (1985). "The spider Infraorder Mygalomorphae (Araneae): cladistics and systematics". Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural History. 182.
  3. ↑ Simon, E. (1889). Arachnides.
  4. ↑ Murphy, Frances; Murphy, John (2000). "An Introduction to the Spiders of South East Asia". Malaysian Nature Society Kuala Lumpur.
  5. ↑ Leanda Denise Mason; Grant Wardell-Johnson; Barbara York Main (2018). "The longest-lived spider: mygalomorphs dig deep, and persevere". Pacific Conservation Biology. 24 (2): 203. doi:10.1071/PC18015. hdl:20.500.11937/68826.
  6. ↑ "Family: Idiopidae Simon, 1889". World Spider Catalog. Natural History Museum Bern. Retrieved 2019-04-22.
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