Arctic and Antarctic Research Institute
Other nameRussian: Арктический и антарктический научно-исследовательский институт
Established3 March 1920 (1920-03-03)
FocusResearch into the Arctic and Antarctica
OwnerFederal Service of Russia for Hydrometeorology and Monitoring of the Environment
Formerly called
  • Northern Research and Trade Expedition
  • Institute of Northern Studies
  • All-Union Arctic Institute
Location
Saint Petersburg
,
Russia
Websitewww.aari.ru/main.php?lg=1&id=271 and www.aari.ru/main.php

The Arctic and Antarctic Research Institute, or AARI (Russian: Арктический и антарктический научно-исследовательский институт, abbreviated as ААНИИ) is the oldest and largest Russian research institute in the field of comprehensive studies of Arctic and Antarctica. It is located in Saint Petersburg.

The AARI has numerous departments, such as those of oceanography, glaciology, meteorology, hydrology or Arctic river mouths and water resources, geophysics, polar geography, and others. It also has a computer center, ice research laboratory, experimental workshops, and a museum (the Arctic and Antarctic Museum).

Scientists, such as Alexander Karpinsky, Alexander Fersman, Yuly Shokalsky, Nikolai Knipovich, Lev Berg, Otto Schmidt, Rudolf Samoylovich, Vladimir Vize, Nikolai Zubov, Pyotr Shirshov, Nikolai Urvantsev, and Yakov Gakkel have all made contributions to the work of the AARI.

Throughout its history, the AARI has organized more than a thousand Arctic expeditions, including dozens of high-latitude aerial expeditions, which transported 34(?) manned drifting ice stations Severniy Polyus ("Северный полюс", or North Pole) to Central Arctic.[1] In 2019-2020 Arctic and Antarctic Research Institute joined a biggest in history Arctic expedition MOSAiC,[2] where its scientists were primarily invlolved into measurements of sea ice mechanics and seismics.[3]

History

The AARI was founded on 3 March 1920 as the Northern Research and Trade Expedition (Северная научно-промысловая экспедиция) under the Scientific and Technical Department of the All-Union Council of State Economy. In 1925, the expedition was reorganized into the Institute of Northern Studies (Институт по изучению Севера) and five years later - into the All-Union Arctic Institute (Всесоюзный арктический институт). In 1932, the institute was integrated into the Chief Directorate of the Northern Sea Route (Главное управление Северного морского пути). In 1948 the Arctic Geology Research Institute (Научно-исследовательский институт геологии Арктики, or НИИГА) was established on the basis of the geology department of the All-Union Arctic Institute, which would subordinate to the Ministry of Geology of the USSR.

In 1955, the AARI participated in the organization of Antarctic research. In 1958, it began to organize and lead all of the Soviet Antarctic expeditions, which would later make geographic discoveries, and in the same year the All-Union Arctic Institute was renamed Arctic and Antarctic Research Institute. In 1963, the AARI was incorporated into the Chief Administration of the Hydrometeorological Service (Главное управление Гидрометеослужбы) under the Council of Ministers of the USSR (now Federal Service for Hydrometeorology and Environmental Monitoring of Russia). In 1967, AARI was awarded the Order of Lenin.

See also

References

  1. ↑ "Drift ice stations are Russian tradition".
  2. ↑ "Multidisciplinary drifting Observatory for the Study of Arctic Climate (MOSAiC)".
  3. ↑ Smirnov, V. N.; Znamensky, M. S.; Sheykin, I. B. (April 16, 2022). "Wave processes in the drifting ice of the Arctic Ocean in the MOSAiC expedition. Winter period". Arctic and Antarctic Research. 68 (1): 26–47. doi:10.30758/0555-2648-2022-68-1-26-47. eISSN 2618-6713. ISSN 0555-2648.

59°56′47.5″N 30°14′0″E / 59.946528°N 30.23333°E / 59.946528; 30.23333

This article is issued from Wikipedia. The text is licensed under Creative Commons - Attribution - Sharealike. Additional terms may apply for the media files.