ArcelorMittal S.A.
TypeSociété Anonyme
Euronext Amsterdam: MT
NYSE: MT
CAC 40 component
AEX component
ISINLU1598757687
IndustrySteel
PredecessorsArcelor
Mittal Steel Company
Founded2006 (2006)
Headquarters24-26, Boulevard d’Avranches, Luxembourg City, Luxembourg
Area served
Worldwide
Key people
Aditya Mittal
(CEO)
Lakshmi Mittal
(executive chairperson)[1]
ProductsSteel, flat steel products, long steel products, wire products, plates
Revenue Increase US$79.844 billion (2022)[2]
Decrease US$10.272 billion (2022)[2]
Decrease US$9.302 billion (2022)[2]
Total assetsIncrease US$94.547 billion (2022)[2]
Total equityIncrease US$55.590 billion (2022)[2]
OwnerLakshmi Mittal (37.4%)[3]
Number of employees
Increase 158,000 (2021)[4]
SubsidiariesDisteel, Dillinger Hütte, Dofasco, Aperam South America, Creusot-Loire, ARBED, ALZ (steelworks), Arcelor
Websitecorporate.arcelormittal.com

ArcelorMittal S.A. is a Luxembourg-based multinational steel manufacturing corporation headquartered in Luxembourg City. It was formed in 2006 from the takeover and merger of Arcelor by Indian-owned Mittal Steel.[3] ArcelorMittal is the second largest steel producer in the world, with an annual crude steel production of 88 million metric tonnes as of 2022.[5] It is ranked 197th in the 2022 Fortune Global 500 ranking of the world's largest corporations. It directly and indirectly employs around 200,000 people and its market capital is $25 billion.[6] The total value of company assets is estimated to be around $100 billion.

History

ArcelorMittal was formed from the acquisition of Arcelor by Mittal Steel; Mittal Steel was in turn formed from the merger of ISPAT International and LNM Holdings.[7] The company traces its history back to 1976.[8]

2006–2008: Formation and scalebacks

ArcelorMittal was created by the takeover of Western European steel maker Arcelor (Spain, France, and Luxembourg) by Indian-owned multinational steel maker Mittal Steel in 2006, at a cost of €40.37 per share, approximately $33 billion total. Mittal Steel launched a hostile takeover bid, which replaced a previously planned merger between Arcelor and Severstal that had lacked sufficient shareholder approval.[9]

The resulting merged business was named ArcelorMittal and was headquartered in Luxembourg City.[10][11] The resulting firm produced approximately 10% of the world's steel, and was by far the world's largest steel company. Total revenues in 2007 were $105 billion.[12][13]

By February 2008, the company had 320,000 employees in 60 countries.[13] In October 2008, the market capitalisation of ArcelorMittal was over $30 billion,[14] after peaking at $32.5 billion in September 2008.[3] At the end of 2008, the company reported operating income of around $12 billion.[15]

In December 2008, ArcelorMittal announced several plant sales, to which it had been ordered by U.S. antitrust authorities as a condition of approval of Mittal Steel’s takeover of Arcelor SA,[16] including the Bethlehem Steel plant in Lackawanna, New York, to the Russian company Severstal.[17] Other plants were closed by the company due to economic reasons, including LTV Steel in Hennepin, Illinois.[18] After purchase of Kryvorizhstal, Ukraine's largest steel producer, employment was scaled back from 57,000 employees to 30,000.

2011–2014: Losses and Senegal agreement

In 2010, the company's operating income had fallen to $4.9 billion, with sales down 10 per cent from the year earlier, and income down 50 per cent as steel prices slumped.[15] In 2011, the company began curtailing its European production to match the reduced demand for steel.[15] It also sold Skyline Steel and Astralloy to a rival, Nucor, for $605 million.[15] On 26 January 2011, the stainless steel division split off as a new company, Aperam. As of 2012, due to overcapacity and reduced demand in Europe, it had idled 9 of 25 blast furnaces;[15] in October 2012 it permanently shut down two blast furnaces at Florange, France.[19] On 31 October 2012, the company reported a third-quarter loss of $709 million as compared to a $659 million profit for the same period a year ago, citing the slow down in China's economy.[20] In 2012 ArcelorMittal had $22 billion of debt.[15]

In January 2013, ArcelorMittal bid $1.5 billion to acquire ThyssenKrupp AG's rolling mill in Calvert, Alabama, United States.[21] On 26 February 2014, ThyssenKrupp sold their Calvert carbon steel facility to ArcelorMittal and Nippon Steel for $1.55 billion,[22] as a new joint venture.[23] The facility was renamed AM/NS Calvert through the 50/50 joint partnership with Nippon Steel & Sumitomo Metal Corp.[24] The firm also entered into a $2.2 billion contract to develop an iron ore deposit in Senegal. This included construction of a 750 km (466 mi) railway line. After it stalled on the contract and failed to build according to schedule, the Government of Senegal sued.[25] In September 2013, the government of Senegal won a court case before an international tribunal to rescind a $2.2 billion deal with ArcelorMittal after the company suspended work on an iron ore mine in the country.[26] In June 2014, the International Chamber of Commerce's arbitration court in Paris awarded Senegal $150 million.[25]

Dealing with price and demand fluctuations in the steel market, from 2012 to 2014 ArcelorMittal restructured its European division by reducing employee numbers and closing plants.[27] In May 2014, ArcelorMittal, citing economic self-interest, declared its opposition to sanctions on Russia.[28] As of June 2014, ArcelorMittal accounted for 7 per cent of world steel production. After being shut out of the Chinese steel industry in 2005, along with other foreign companies, in 2014 the company announced it was planning new plants in China.[29] In 2014, the company had an annual crude steel production of 98.1 million tons.[5]

2008–2016: Price fixing convictions

Following an investigation first launched in 2008, in August 2016 the Competition Commission (South Africa) found the company guilty of price fixing. ArcelorMittal was fined US$110.9 million and, as part of the settlement, also agreed to invest R4.64 billion in capital over five years.[30] According to the findings, the firm had been part of a 17-member-steel group nicknamed "Club Zürich", that later became known as "Club Europe". Between January 1984 and September 2002, the companies fixed the market, prices, and exchanged confidential corporate information.[31]

2015–2016: Recent acquisitions

In 2015, the company had a net loss of $7.9 billion.[32] Between February 2015 and February 2016, share value dropped 60%, making the company the "worst performer" in the FTSEurofirst300 index. The CEO said the company had performed poorly in 2015 due to "Chinese exports depressing prices".[3] Early in 2016,[32] the company announced it had raised $3 billion in new investment capital to help reduce debt[33] to $11.7 billion of debt.[32] In early 2016[32] the company also announced a program to boost core profit by $3 billion by 2020 "through a mixture of cost-cutting, increased production and a focus on higher-value forms of steel". Chairman Lakshmi Mittal announced doubled earnings the following year in May 2017.[34] Along with the increase in capital, the company also sold its 35% stake in Gestamp Automacion for $979 million, with the goal of reducing ArcelorMittal's debt to less than $12 billion.[3] By February 2016, the company made about 6% of the world's steel.[3] It ranked 108th in the 2016 Fortune Global 500 ranking of the world's biggest corporations.[6]

2017: Market changes

In February 2017 ArcelorMittal announced its first annual profits in five years.[35] In February 2017, ArcelorMittal and Votorantim announced plans to combine their long steel operations in Brazil. Under the deal, Votorantim Siderurgia became a subsidiary of ArcelorMittal Brasil.[35] In late May 2017, ArcelorMittal and the Steel Authority of India Ltd (SAIL) agreed on preliminary terms to form a $913 million joint venture to export a fifth of the auto-grade steel made by the venture.[36] In March 2017, the company proposed a new US$6.5 billion steel project in Karnataka, after entering into a pact with the Karnataka government[37] in February 2017.[38] In April 2017, Sanjeev Gupta's Liberty House Group announced it had agreed to acquire ArcelorMittal's Georgetown Steelworks in South Carolina.[37] It is ranked 123 in the 2017 Fortune Global 500 ranking of the world's biggest corporations.[6]

By March 2017, ArcelorMittal was leading a consortium bidding for Ilva.[39] An Italian company, Ilva owns the Taranto steelworks in southern Italy, which has Europe's largest steel output. The steelworks had been accused of toxic emissions linked to local cancer rates, and had been nationalized by the government years prior.[40] The buyers were the AM Investco consortium, which beyond ArcelorMittal included Marcegaglia and Banca Intesa Sanpaolo.[40] In May 2017, ArcelorMittal was announced as the preferred bidder over a different consortium led by JSW Steel, after it was able to pledge a production increase and guarantee employment levels. The final decision was waiting on Italy's ministry of economic development.[41] On 5 June 2017, ArcelorMittal won approval to purchase Ilva for €1.8 billion. In its bid, AM Investco had pledged to make investments into Ilva of €2.4bn until 2023.[40] On 1 November 2018, ArcelorMittal assumed ownership of Ilva steel operations and ArcelorMittal Italia was formed.[42]

In July 2017 the company reported a 19.3 per cent year-on-year rise in its earnings for the year's second quarter. The amount was lower than predicted by analysts, with the company citing the volatility in market prices.[43] Also, in July 2017, the European Court of Justice ruled against ArcelorMittal in its lawsuit against how the EU allocates free carbon permits.[44]

2018: Black snow controversy

In January 2018, black snow fell in the city of Temirtau, Kazakhstan where an ArcelorMittal plant is located. Local citizens complained that the pollution was caused by an ArcelorMittal plant. A spokesperson for ArcelorMittal explained that the discoloration of the snow was caused by a lack of wind which would otherwise blow the pollution away.[45][46][47][48][49][50][51]

2019: Notice to terminate to Ilva

On 4 November 2019, Arcelor Mittal (Am Investco Italy) sent to Ilva's Commissioners a notice to terminate the Ilva lease agreement, citing as reasons that the Italian Parliament had removed the legal protection necessary for the company to implement its environmental plan without the risk of criminal liability and that a recent decision by the criminal court of Taranto would effectively force Mittal to close blast furnace #2 by 13 December 2019.[52] A legal and media battle with the Italian state started immediately, as Ilva is not only the single primary steel mill Mittal operates in Italy but also the largest employer in Taranto.[53]

2020: Sale of U.S. Operations to Cleveland-Cliffs

On September 28, 2020, the company sold its US-Business to Cleveland-Cliffs for approximately $1.4 billion.[54]

Company structure

Lakshmi Mittal (owner of Mittal Steel) is the executive chairman. His family owns 40% of the shares and voting shares in the company.[55] After a $3 billion rights issue earlier in April 2016, the company by 21 April 2016 had a share value of 16,616 million euros, distributed in 3,065,710,869 shares.[56]

Predecessor companies

Acquired by Mittal Steel Company:

Acquired by Arcelor:

Board of directors

Comprised as follows by nine people as of June 2017:[61]

Employees

As of 2012, the company had thousands of workers at 12 major facilities in the United States, in states such as Indiana, Ohio and Pennsylvania. All non-salary employees in North America, with the exception of the Dofasco facility in Hamilton, Ontario, are represented by the United Steelworkers union, the largest industrial union in North America. Also, at the time around 100,000 of the company's 260,000 employees were in Europe.[15] As of 31 December 2013, the company employed over 232,000 people, of which 37% were in the EU, with a further 16% in non-EU European countries, 17% in Asia, 16% in North America, the remainder split between South America and the Middle East and Africa.[62] ArcelorMittal is also Luxembourg's largest private employer. At the beginning of 2014, it employed 4,600 employees in the Grand Duchy.[63] By 2020 the company had over 18,000 employees in North and South America.[64]

Facilities

Headquarters and offices

The head office of ArcelorMittal is in Luxembourg City. The building was the head office of Arbed before that company merged with Aceralia and Usinor.[65]

Major plant locations

ArcelorMittal Ostrava

Operated by ArcelorMittal:

Joint ventures:

Carbon footprint

ArcelorMittal reported Total CO2e emissions (direct + indirect) for 31 December 2020 at 150.8 Tg (teragram) (-31,100 /-17.1% y-o-y).[71] The decline accelerated compared to the CAGR of -7.2% since 4Q'18.

ArcelorMittal's Total CO2e emissions (Direct + Indirect) (in kilotonnes)
Dec 2017Dec 2018Dec 2019Dec 2020
194,800[72]188,800[73]181,900[74]150,800[71]

Products and activities

Steel being coiled at an ArcelorMittal facility in Brazil

The company is involved in research and development, mining, and steel.[75] ArcelorMittal in 2016 produced around 90 million tons of steel.[35] As of May 2017, the company made 200 unique steel grades for automotive purposes, half of which were introduced since 2007.[76] Among the steel varieties are Usibor 2000, which the company announced in June 2016 and released later that year. Upon release, the high-strength automotive steel was said to be about one-third stronger than other steels then available for carmaking.[33]

See also

References

  1. ↑ Dutt, Ishita Ayan (11 February 2021). "Aditya Mittal appointed ArcelorMittal CEO; father to be executive chairman". Business Standard India.
  2. 1 2 3 4 5 "ArcelorMittal Consolidated Profit & Loss account, ArcelorMittal Financial Statement & Accounts" (PDF). ArcelorMittal. Retrieved 19 January 2023.
  3. 1 2 3 4 5 6 "World's Biggest Steelmaker Raising $3 Billion As Profits Plunge". Fortune. 5 February 2016. Retrieved 15 May 2019.
  4. ↑ "ArcelorMittal - global number of employees 2020".
  5. 1 2 "Annual Report 2018 on Form 20-F ArcelorMittal". ArcelorMittal.
  6. 1 2 3 "91. ArcelorMittal", GLOBAL 500 - Our annual ranking of the world's largest corporations, CNN
  7. ↑ "History of ArcelorMittal". Steelonthenet.com. Retrieved 9 January 2020.
  8. ↑ "History | ArcelorMittal". corporate.arcelormittal.com. Retrieved 5 September 2021.
  9. ↑ "ArcelorMittal Deal A Steal For Severstal". Forbes.
  10. ↑ Kanter, James; Timmons, Heather; Giridharadas, Anand (25 June 2006), "Arcelor agrees to Mittal takeover", The New York Times
  11. ↑ Lenard, David M. (7 June 2006), "Arcelor Mittal: The dawn of a steel giant", atimes.com, Asia Times Online, archived from the original on 28 June 2006{{citation}}: CS1 maint: unfit URL (link)
  12. ↑ "Steel firm opts for Mittal offer", BBC News, 25 June 2006
  13. 1 2 De Smedt, Seraf; Van Hoey, Michel (February 2008), "Integrating steel giants: An interview with the ArcelorMittal postmerger managers", mckinseyquarterly.com, archived from the original on 25 November 2012
  14. ↑ "Yahoo Finance: ArcelorMittal, (finance.yahoo.com)". Archived from the original on 27 October 2008.
  15. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 Reed, Stanley (25 July 2012), "A Global Steel Giant Scales Back", The New York Times
  16. ↑ "ArcelorMittal sale of Sparrows Point falls through". Reuters. 17 December 2007. Retrieved 25 August 2023.
  17. ↑ "Severstal buys ArcelorMittal's mill for $810 mn". The Economic Times. 22 March 2008. ISSN 0013-0389. Retrieved 25 August 2023.
  18. ↑ "Why ArcelorMittal succeeds where LTV failed: Heart of Steel (photos, video) | Policy Matters Ohio | October 16, 2016". www.policymattersohio.org. Retrieved 25 August 2023.
  19. ↑ Kessler, Vincent (1 October 2012), "ArcelorMittal confirms French furnace closures", uk.reuters.com
  20. ↑ "Steelmaker ArcelorMittal Posts $709M 3Q Loss". The New York Times. 31 October 2012.
  21. ↑ "ArcelorMittal bids $1.5 billion for ThyssenKrupp's Alabama plant". Reuters. Reuters. 17 January 2013.
  22. ↑ "ArcelorMittal, Nippon Steel buy ThyssenKrupp's U.S. factory". Japan Today. Retrieved 1 December 2013.
  23. ↑ Finch II, Michael (26 February 2014). "Sale of ThyssenKrupp Steel USA clears all regulatory approval". The Press-Register. Retrieved 26 February 2014.
  24. 1 2 Finch II, Michael (26 February 2014). "Sale of ThyssenKrupp Steel USA clears all regulatory approval". Press-Register. Mobile, Alabama. Retrieved 26 February 2014.
  25. 1 2 Felix, Bate (6 June 2014). "UPDATE 1-Senegal to receive $150 mln in damages from ArcelorMittal". Reuters. Archived from the original on 4 March 2016.
  26. ↑ Senegal wins court case against Arcelor Mittal -government, International: Reuters, 10 September 2013
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  28. ↑ ArcelorMittal Opposes Western Sanctions Against Russia, Reuters, 2014, archived from the original on 7 September 2014
  29. ↑ Hornby, Lucy (15 June 2014). "ArcelorMittal's path to China not paved with steel". Financial Times. United Kingdom. Archived from the original on 11 December 2022. Retrieved 8 June 2017.
  30. ↑ Smith, Carin (22 August 2016). "ArcelorMittal to pay R1.5bn price fix fine". Fin24. Retrieved 23 August 2016.
  31. ↑ "Press release: Antitrust: Commission fines prestressing steel producers €269 million for two-decades-long price-fixing and market-sharing cartel". Europa.eu. 4 April 2011.
  32. 1 2 3 4 Pooler, Michael (11 March 2016). "ArcelorMittal outlines terms of $3bn rights issue". Financial Times. United Kingdom. Archived from the original on 11 December 2022. Retrieved 8 June 2017.
  33. 1 2 Pooler, Michael (5 June 2016). "ArcelorMittal to launch new high strength steel". Financial Times. United Kingdom. Archived from the original on 11 December 2022. Retrieved 8 June 2017.
  34. ↑ McClean, Paul (12 May 2017). "ArcelorMittal doubles earnings after cost-cutting drive". Financial Times. United Kingdom. Archived from the original on 11 December 2022. Retrieved 8 June 2017.
  35. 1 2 3 Pooler, Michael (23 February 2017). "ArcelorMittal and Votorantim to combine Brazilian long steel operations". Financial Times. United Kingdom. Archived from the original on 11 December 2022. Retrieved 8 June 2017.
  36. ↑ "ArcelorMittal, SAIL agree to mediator's proposal to advance Indian venture". The Economic Times. India. 31 May 2017. Retrieved 8 June 2017.
  37. 1 2 "Indian-origin tycoon Sanjeev Gupta to acquire ArcelorMittal's US unit". The Economic Times. India. 21 April 2017. Retrieved 11 June 2017.
  38. ↑ "ArcelorMittal plans solar farm on steel plant land in Karnataka". The Economic Times. India. 26 February 2017. Retrieved 11 June 2017.
  39. 1 2 Pooler, Michael; Politi, James (5 March 2017). "Bidding race to win Europe's biggest steel plant heats up". Financial Times. United Kingdom. Archived from the original on 11 December 2022. Retrieved 8 June 2017.
  40. 1 2 3 4 Pooler, Michael (6 June 2017). "ArcelorMittal wins race to buy Italian steel business Ilva". Financial Times. United Kingdom. Archived from the original on 11 December 2022. Retrieved 8 June 2017.
  41. ↑ Pooler, Michael; 26 May 2017 Politi, James. "ArcelorMittal-led group leads race to buy Ilva steel plant". Financial Times. United Kingdom. Archived from the original on 11 December 2022. Retrieved 8 June 2017.{{cite news}}: CS1 maint: numeric names: authors list (link)
  42. ↑ "Global Newswire".
  43. ↑ Andries Mahlangu (27 July 2017). "ArcelorMittal SA sinks deeper into the red". Business Day. Retrieved 30 July 2017.
  44. ↑ Alistair Holloway (July 2017). "ArcelorMittal earnings rise less than expected". Luremburger Wort. Retrieved 30 July 2017.
  45. ↑ Abdurasulov, Abdujalil (2018). "Black snow blankets central Kazakh city". BBC News. Retrieved 12 January 2018.
  46. ↑ "Snow is turning black 'because of pollution'". The Independent. 12 January 2018. Retrieved 12 January 2018.
  47. ↑ "Black snow covers Kazakhstan town - 9News". www.9news.com.au. Retrieved 12 January 2018.
  48. ↑ "Black snow falls in Kazakhstan, with locals blaming industrial pollution". Newsweek. 12 January 2018. Retrieved 12 January 2018.
  49. ↑ "'Black snow' blankets Kazakhstan city believed to be polluted". UPI. Retrieved 12 January 2018.
  50. ↑ "Black snow fell in Temirtau, Kazakhstan". en.egemen.kz. Archived from the original on 14 January 2018. Retrieved 12 January 2018.
  51. ↑ "Black snow covers Kazakhstan's Temirtau". akipress.com. Retrieved 12 January 2018.
  52. ↑ "Am Investco Italy Sends Withdrawal And Termination Notice From The Lease And Purchase Agreement For Ilva Business". ADVFN (in Brazilian Portuguese). Retrieved 5 October 2020.
  53. ↑ "ArcelorMittal gets its fingers burned in Italy's Ilva steel mill". The Economist. 7 December 2019. ISSN 0013-0613. Retrieved 12 December 2019.
  54. ↑ "Cleveland-Cliffs Inc. to Acquire ArcelorMittal USA". 28 September 2020. Retrieved 28 September 2020.
  55. ↑ Shareholding structure, 012, archived from the original on 5 October 2012, The following table sets forth information on 30 September 2012 with respect to the beneficial ownership and voting rights of ArcelorMittal shares
  56. ↑ ArcelorMittal announces the successful completion of its c.US$3bn rights issue, ArcelorMittal, 4 April 2016, archived from the original on 21 December 2016, retrieved 8 June 2017
  57. 1 2 "LTV Steel Cleveland, OH assets sold". CNN Money. 27 February 2002.
  58. ↑ History of Republic Steel
  59. ↑ "Dofasco recommends acceptance of Arcelor bid". CBC News. 24 January 2006.
  60. ↑ AP (26 December 2006). "ThyssenKrupp goes to court over Dofasco". Globe and Mail. Retrieved 26 December 2006.
  61. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 ArcelorMittal Board, ArcelorMittal, 2017, retrieved 8 June 2017
  62. ↑ ArcelorMittal annual review 2013, ArcelorMittal, Allocation of employees at 31 December 2013 according to geographical location, archived from the original on 8 August 2017, retrieved 30 July 2014
  63. ↑ "Les plus gros employeurs du Luxembourg sont..." Les Sentinel. France. 2 July 2014.
  64. ↑ "AK Steel now part of North America's largest steel producer: What the deal means". www.msn.com. Retrieved 5 October 2020.
  65. ↑ Arcelor-Mittal : un siège au Luxembourg (in French), Le Journal du Net, retrieved 5 October 2012
  66. ↑ "arcelormittal mills France". arcelormittal.com.
  67. ↑ "Home". acindar.com.ar.
  68. ↑ DePass, Dee (31 December 2019). "ArcelorMittal takes over Hibbing Taconite management from Cliffs". Minneapolis Star-Tribune. Retrieved 4 January 2019.
  69. 1 2 "Algeria: Government takes over steel production from ArcelorMittal". North Africa Post. 8 October 2013. Retrieved 11 June 2017.
  70. ↑ "ArcelorMittal and Nippon Steel Corporation Announce $240 million Expansion at I/N Kote in New Carlisle, Indiana". Bloomberg L.P. 16 April 2008. Archived from the original on 4 March 2014. Retrieved 26 February 2014.
  71. 1 2 "ArcelorMittal's Sustainability Report for 2020Q4" (PDF). Archived from the original (PDF) on 29 September 2021. Alt URL
  72. ↑ "ArcelorMittal's Sustainability Report for 2019Q4" (PDF). Archived from the original (PDF) on 2 March 2021. Alt URL
  73. ↑ "ArcelorMittal's Sustainability Report for 2020Q4" (PDF). Archived from the original (PDF) on 29 September 2021. Alt URL
  74. ↑ "ArcelorMittal's Sustainability Report for 2020Q4" (PDF). Archived from the original (PDF) on 29 September 2021. Alt URL
  75. ↑ What We Do, ArcelorMittal, archived from the original on 29 July 2018, retrieved 8 June 2017
  76. ↑ "ArcelorMittal reports that automakers are using more steel as quality improves". Chesterton Tribune. 16 May 2017. Retrieved 8 June 2017.
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