Arcadia Formation
Stratigraphic range: Induan-Olenekian ~
Type	Geological formation
Unit of	Rewan Group
Underlies	Brumby Sandstone Member
Overlies	unconformity with Glenidal Formation conformity Sagittarius Sandstone
Thickness	Up to 500 m (1,600 ft)
Lithology
Primary	Red mudstone, siltstone, fine-grained sandstone
Location
Coordinates	24°48′S 148°00′E / 24.8°S 148.0°E / -24.8; 148.0
Approximate paleocoordinates	58°00′S 136°00′E / 58.0°S 136.0°E / -58.0; 136.0
Region	Queensland
Country	Australia
Extent	Bowen Basin
Type section
Year defined	1988
Arcadia Formation, Australia (Australia) Show map of Australia Arcadia Formation, Australia (Queensland) Show map of Queensland

The Arcadia Formation is a geological formation located within central-eastern Queensland, Australia, which has been aged between the Induan–Olenekian epoch of the Early-Triassic period. It is most well known for its abundance of Early-Triassic aged fossils, most notably its high diversity of amphibians.^[1][2]

Description

The Arcadia Formation is a sequence of sandstones and mudstones deposited as a result of freshwater rivers and lakes during the Induan–Olenekian epoch.^[3] The Arcadia Formation represents one of the oldest known Mesozoic formations within the entirety of Australia, as well as containing relatively well-preserved specimens for its age and country. At the time at which the Arcadia Formation was building up, the then region of today's Australia was still recovering from the recent Permian–Triassic extinction event which had resulted in the global biodiversity remaining at a low level throughout much of the lower Triassic.^[4] The world currently was generally a hot and arid environment reaching an average temperature of more than 80o S. This is suggested by the red color of sediments found within the Bowen Basin.

The fauna and flora from the formation are not abruptly unique in comparison to the known fauna or flora from the rest of the world at this time, however the Arcadia Formation has an unusually high diversity of amphibians, with 90% of the fauna from the Arcadia Formation being made up of amphibians. So far, the formation's fauna is known to consist of brachiopods, fish, amphibians, reptiles and synapsids. There is also a high diversity of ichnotaxa based on coprolites.^[5]

Vertebrate paleofauna

Fish

Fish
Genus	Species	Material	Notes	Images
Aphelodus	A. anapes	A single tooth[6]	An sagenodontid
Namatozodia	N. pitikanta	An incomplete skull	An gnathorhizid
Ptychoceratodus	P. phillipsi		An sagenodontid
Saurichthys	S.giga	Partial skull

Amphibians

Amphibians
Genus / Taxon	Species	Material	Notes	Images
Acerastea	A. wadeae	Partial skeleton	A rhytidosteid
Arcadia	A. myriadens	Partial skeleton	A rhytidosteid
Keratobrachyops	K. australis	Partial skull	A trematosaurian
Lapillopsis	L. nana	Two nearly complete skulls.	A stereospondyl
Nanolania	N. anatopretia	A partial skull	A rhytidosteid
Plagiobatrachus	P. australis	A set of vertebrae	A plagiosaurid
Rewana	R. quadricuneata	Incomplete skull and partial postcranial skeleton	A stereospondyl
Tirraturhinus	T. smisseni	Partial section of the skull	A trematosaurian
Warrenisuchus	W. aliciae	An incomplete skeleton	A capitosaurid
Watsonisuchus	W. gunganj & W. rewanensis	Both known from incomplete skulls	A capitosaurid
Xenobrachyops	X. allos	A partial skull	A brachyopid
Trematosauridae	Indeterminate	Partial rostrum	A brachyopid

Reptiles

Reptiles
Genus / Taxon	Species	Material	Notes	Images
Eomurruna	E. yurrgensis	More than 40 referred specimens, including partial skeletons	Australia's so far only reported procolophonoid
Kadimakara	K. australiensis	Partial skull, including the rear part of the skull and a fragment of the jaw	An early archosauromorph similar to Prolacerta
Kalisuchus	K. rewanensis	Holotype consists of partial left maxilla	A basal archosauriform
Kudnu	K. mackinlayi	Partial skull including anterior of cranium and both dentaries	An lepidosauromorph

References