Antsiranana Province
province
Antsiranana Bay
Antsiranana Bay
Map of Madagascar with Antsiranana highlighted
Map of Madagascar with Antsiranana highlighted
Coordinates: 13°35′S 49°30′E / 13.583°S 49.500°E / -13.583; 49.500
Country Madagascar
CapitalAntsiranana
Area
 • Total43,406 km2 (16,759 sq mi)
Population
 (2001)
 • Total1,188,425
 • Density27/km2 (71/sq mi)
Time zoneUTC+3

Antsiranana is a former province of Madagascar with an area of 43,406 km2. It had a population of 1,188,425 (July 2001). Its capital was Antsiranana. A diversity of ethnic groups are found in the province, including Anjoaty, Sakalava, Antakarana, Tsimihety, Antemoro, Betsimisaraka, Antandroy, etc.[1]

History

Warships and British merchant ships in the Antsiranana harbor after the French had surrendered on 13 May 1942

A major battle took place at Diego-Suárez (now Antsiranana), the largest city in Antsiranana Province, in May 1942. "Fierce fighting" in the area saw over 500 Allied casualties. On May 29, Japanese submarine I-10 surfaced off the coast and launched a Nakajima A6M2-N reconnaissance aircraft over the port. Operation Ironclad was relaunched, after being stalled, on June 22 to counterattack, with supporting forces from the East African Brigade Group and later the Rhodesian 27th Infantry Brigade in July.

Geography

Antsiranana Province bordered Toamasina Province to the southeast and Mahajanga Province to the southwest. The province has been described as being "virtually isolated", because of Mt Tsaratanana, the highest peak, being situated in it at 2,800 metres (9,200 ft) above sea level.[2] The valley are fertile, with tropical crops cultivated. There is a natural harbour at Antsiranana which contains a significant naval base.[2]

Ankarana Reserve, in the northwest, was established in 1956. It is a small, partially vegetated plateau composed of 150-million-year-old middle Jurassic limestone.[3] With an average annual rainfall of about 2,000 millimetres (79 in),[3] the underlying rocks are susceptible to erosion, thereby producing caves and underground rivers—a karst topography. The rugged relief and the dense vegetation have helped protect the region from human intrusion. The Ankarana Reserve is an important refuge for significant populations of the crowned lemur (Eulemur coronatus),[4] Sanford's brown lemur (Eulemur sanfordi) and other mammal species. Species of Podocarpus humbertii is found in dry lowland deciduous forest, sub-humid forest, and in wooded heath on mountain summits of gneiss and granite in the province between 1600 and 2410 metres.[5]

A large bay, known as the Bay of Antisiranana forms part of the coastline in the north. Rich in biodiversity, in recent decades it has become a hotspot for conservationists.[1] Many species found in the Bobaomby in particular, such as the Madagascan tree boa, the Madagascan ground boa and the crowned lemur have made the IUCN Red List as endangered or vulnerable. In July 2007, the Ministry of the Environment and Forests transferred management to a local committee. The Montagne des Français forest is now also under protection.[1]

Administrative divisions

Antsiranana Province was divided into two regions - Diana and Sava. These two regions became the first-level administrative divisions when the provinces were abolished in 2009. They are subdivided into nine districts:

Economy and health

Antsiranana Province is known for its sapphires.[6] A number of Catholic schools set up by missionaries in the province are still scattered about.[7]

Rural poverty is a major problem in the region, with 69.2% of the population reported to be suffering in 2001 according to reports by the International Monetary Fund.[8] An unusual percentage of children in the province have been reported to be suffering from anemia, as high as 70% in some parts.[9]

References

  1. 1 2 3 Pungetti, Gloria; Oviedo, Gonzalo; Hooke, Della (19 July 2012). Sacred Species and Sites: Advances in Biocultural Conservation. Cambridge University Press. p. 292. ISBN 978-1-139-51012-7.
  2. 1 2 Africa South of the Sahara 2003. Psychology Press. 31 October 2002. p. 589. ISBN 978-1-85743-131-5.
  3. 1 2 Rossi, G. (1974). "Morphologie et Evolution d'un karst en milieu tropical. L'Ankarana (Extreme Nord de Madagascar)". Mémoires et Documents Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique. 15: 279–298.
  4. ↑ "Crowned Lemur". BBC. Retrieved 18 September 2014.
  5. ↑ Farjon, Aljos; Filer, Denis (15 November 2013). An Atlas of the World's Conifers: An Analysis of their Distribution, Biogeography, Diversity and Conservation Status. BRILL. p. 471. ISBN 978-90-04-21181-0.
  6. ↑ Walsh, Andrew (2012). Made in Madagascar: Sapphires, Ecotourism, and the Global Bazaar. University of Toronto Press. p. 118. ISBN 978-1-4426-0374-5.
  7. ↑ Sharp, Lesley Alexandra (3 September 2002). The Sacrificed Generation: Youth, History, and the Colonized Mind in Madagascar. University of California Press. p. 105. ISBN 978-0-520-93588-4.
  8. ↑ Madagascar: Poverty Reduction Strategy Paper. International Monetary Fund. 2003. p. 20.
  9. ↑ Health, Nutrition, and Population in Madagascar, 2000-09. World Bank Publications. 5 July 2011. p. 15. ISBN 978-0-8213-8538-8.
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