Alexandra Elbakyan
Александра Элбакян
Alexandra Elbakyan
Elbakyan in 2021
Born (1988-11-06) 6 November 1988
Almaty, Kazakh SSR, Soviet Union
NationalityKazakhstani
Alma mater
Occupations
Known forSci-Hub
MovementOpen Access
Scientific career
FieldsNeural engineering, Computer science
Websitesci-hub.ru/alexandra

Alexandra Asanovna Elbakyan (Russian: Алекса́ндра Аса́новна Элбакя́н,[1][2] born 6 November 1988) is a Kazakhstani computer programmer and creator of the website Sci-Hub, which provides free access to research papers without regard for copyright.[3][4][5][6] According to a study published in 2018, Sci-Hub provides access to nearly all scholarly literature.[7]

Elbakyan has been described as "Science's Pirate Queen".[8] In 2016, Nature included her in their list of the top ten "people who mattered" in science.[9] Since 2011, she has been living in Russia.[10][11][12][13]

Youth

Elbakyan was born in Almaty, Kazakh Soviet Socialist Republic (then called Alma-Ata in the Soviet Union), on 6 November 1988.[14][15] She identifies as "multiracial having ... Armenian, Slavic and Asian roots."[16] Alexandra was raised by a single mother, who was an accomplished computer programmer.[10]

Alexandra started programming at the age of 12, making web pages in HTML and later writing in PHP, Delphi, and Assembly languages.[10] She attempted to create a Tamagotchi powered by artificial intelligence.[17] She performed her first computer hack at the age of 14; using SQL injection, she obtained access to all logins and passwords of her home internet provider. Later, she discovered there were more vulnerabilities of the cross-site scripting type. She reported these issues to the internet provider, hoping to get a job with them, but this did not happen. Instead, the provider cut off her internet access.[10] Alexandra wrote in her blog that she first hacked a publisher's website when she was 16. The publisher was MIT Press, which published online books on neuroscience, but they were locked behind a paywall that she could not afford. Alexandra wrote a PHP program that exploited a vulnerability on the website to download paywalled books without payment.[18]

Studies

In 2009, she obtained a Bachelor of Science degree in computer science from the Kazakh National Technical University, specializing in information security.[4] She studied the possibility of using EEG brainwaves for authentication instead of using a password.[19][20][21] While working on her thesis, Elbakyan discovered the paywall problem with accessing journal articles, as her university did not have access to many publications related to her work.

Alexandra became interested in developing brain–computer interfaces and in 2010 she joined the University of Freiburg to work on such a project,[22][2] which eventually led to her summer internship in neuroscience at Georgia Institute of Technology in the United States.[23] The same year, Elbakyan spoke at the Humanity+ Summit at Harvard on the topic "Brain-Computer Interfacing, Consciousness, and the Global Brain".[24] Elbakyan's idea was to develop a new kind of brain-machine interface that would merge human and machine qualia.[25][26] She also participated in the Towards a Science of Consciousness conference that was held in Tucson, Arizona with the poster "Consciousness in Mixed Systems: Merging Artificial and Biological Minds via Brain-Machine Interface".[27]

From 2012 to 2014, she was a master's student at Higher School of Economics in Moscow, but then dropped out.[8][28][29] According to a 2016 interview, her neuroscience research was on hold, but she was enrolled in a history of science master's program at a private university in an undisclosed location. Her thesis would focus on scientific communication.[4] In 2019, she graduated from Saint Petersburg State University with a master's degree in linguistics.[12][2] She currently lives in Moscow and is studying philosophy at the Russian Academy of Sciences.[11][13][30]

Sci-Hub

According to Elbakyan, Sci-Hub is a simplified version of a Global Brain because it "connects [the] brains of many researchers."[21][31]

Elbakyan developed Sci-Hub in 2011, when she lived in Kazakhstan.[32] It was characterized by Science correspondent John Bohannon as "an awe-inspiring act of altruism or a massive criminal enterprise, depending on whom you ask."[4] Elbakyan has stated that the script was initially intended to make access to academic papers fast and convenient, without a global goal of making all science free.[3]

When academic publisher Elsevier sued Sci-Hub in the US in 2015, Elbakyan wrote a letter to the judge, wherein she explained her motives for starting the project: she could not afford to pay for each of the hundreds of papers she needed for her research project, so she had to pirate them.[33][34][35] She founded her website to help others in the same situation. In the letter Elbakyan has provided various arguments in support for her cause, such as Elsevier not being an author of papers, and not paying the authors, mentioning that "The general opinion in research community is that research papers should be distributed for free (open access), not sold".[36]

Elsevier was granted an injunction against her and $15 million in damages.[37][38] Following a lawsuit, Elbakyan remained in hiding due to the risk of extradition.[39] There were also lawsuits against Sci-Hub and Elbakyan from other publishers and in other countries.

On 17 February 2023, a court in India, related to a lawsuit brought by publishers, was reported to have failed to dismiss a blocking application submitted by the legal representatives of Sci-Hub; nonetheless, these legal representatives may follow up this court action with proceedings based on other, perhaps more promising, legal strategies. Additionally, the revoked .SE domain of Sci-Hub, in a different court case, has now been restored due to a successful "ownership verification process."[40]

Recognition and awards

Elbakyan speaking at Harvard in 2010

In December 2016, Nature named Elbakyan as one of the 10 people who most mattered in science that year.[9] Researchers who use Sci-Hub often thank Elbakyan in the Acknowledgments section of their papers.[41]

For her actions in creating Sci-Hub, Elbakyan has been called a hero,[42][43] for example by Nobel laureate Randy Schekman.[44] Ars Technica has compared her to Aaron Swartz,[45] and The New York Times has compared her to Edward Snowden.[31] Edward Snowden acknowledged Sci-Hub to be one of the most important websites for academics in the world.[46] She has also been called a modern-day "Robin Hood"[47][48] and a "Robin Hood of science"[12][49] and "Science's Pirate Queen".[6][8][11]

Elbakyan has several biological species named in her honor:

  • Idiogramma elbakyanae, a species of parasitoid wasps discovered by Russian and Mexican entomologists in 2017.[50] Elbakyan was offended by this, saying that "the real parasites are scientific publishers, and Sci-Hub, on the contrary, fights for equal access to scientific information."[51] The Russian entomologist responded that he supports Sci-Hub and naming was not an insult.[52] The article says that "The species is named in honour of Alexandra Elbakyan (Kazakhstan/Russia), creator of the web-site Sci-Hub, in recognition of her contribution to making scientific knowledge available for all researchers."[50]
  • Brachyplatystoma elbakyani, an extinct species of catfish discovered by Argentine paleontologists in 2020.[53][54]
  • Spigelia elbakyaniae, a species of flowering plant from Mexico discovered in 2020.[55][56] (At first Spigelia elbakyanii, then changed by the authors because the "correct termination, however, for an epithet dedicated to a woman (Alexandra Elbakyan) is -iae, instead of -ii".[57]
  • Amphisbaena elbakyanae, a species of worm lizard discovered in 2021.[58]
  • Sibogasyrinx elbakyanae, a species of deep-sea snail discovered by researchers from Russia and France in 2021.[59]

Elbakyan was nominated twice for John Maddox Prize and made it to the final shortlist.[60] Some researchers say that Elbakyan deserves a Nobel Prize for her work.[13][61][62] Wildlife scientist T R Shankar Raman has stated in an interview: "I am not a fan of the Nobel Prizes, given they have their own biases and have failed to adequately acknowledge scientific contributions of women, for example. But given that its stated purpose is to award those who have conferred the greatest benefit to humankind, Alexandra Elbakyan certainly qualifies."[63]

In 2023 Elbakyan received the Award for Access to Scientific Knowledge from the Electronic Frontier Foundation for her "vital work in helping to ensure that technology supports freedom, justice, and innovation for all people."[64]

Views

Elbakyan is a strong supporter of the open access movement. According to her, Sci-Hub is a true implementation of open access principle in science.[65] She believes that science should be open to all and not behind paywalls.[66]

She has described herself as a devout pirate and thinks that copyright law prevents the free exchange of information online and the free distribution of knowledge on the Internet.[66][67][68] In 2018, she asked supporters of Sci-Hub to join their local Pirate Party in order to fight for copyright laws to be changed.[69]

Elbakyan has stated that she is inspired by communist ideals,[5][70] and considers the common ownership of ideas to be essential for scientific progress.[42] In her 2016 interview to Vox, she said: "I like the idea of communism, and the idea that knowledge should be common and not intellectual property is very relevant. That is especially true for information. Research articles are used for communication in science. But the word "communication" implies common ownership by itself."[3] She referenced the work of Robert Merton, who considered communism to be a part of scientific ethos.[42][71] According to her, Sci-Hub is fighting for communism in science and against the current state of things when knowledge has become the private property of corporations, because knowledge belongs to everyone.[72]

Elbakyan does not consider herself a strict Marxist. She wanted to join either the Communist Party of the Russian Federation or Pirate Party of Russia, but was unable to as membership in political parties is restricted to those with Russian citizenship.[12]

Elbakyan justified Sci-Hub by saying that lack of universal access to academic knowledge violates Article 27 of the United Nations’ Universal Declaration of Human Rights, which states that "everyone has the right freely to … share in scientific advancement and its benefits."[42][66][73][74][75][76][77]

She has stated that she supports a strong state which can stand up to the Western world, and that she does not want "the scientists of Russia and of my native Kazakhstan to share the fates of the scientists of Iraq, Libya, and Syria, that were 'helped' by the United States to become more democratic."[78] In 2012, she supported Putin's politics,[42] but in 2018 she expressed support for the Pirate Party,[69] which is in opposition to Putin.[79]

Controversies

Elbakyan was in conflict with the liberal, pro-Western wing of the Russian scientific community.[8] According to her interview, she was attacked on the Internet by 'science popularizers' who supported liberal views that led to the shutdown of Sci-Hub in Russia in 2017 for a few days.[80] In particular, Elbakyan was strongly critical of the former Dynasty Foundation (shut down in 2015) and its associated figures. She believes that the foundation was politicized, tied to Russia's liberal opposition, and fit the legal definition of a "foreign agent". Dynasty's founder, in her opinion, financed researchers whose political views agreed with its own.[78] Elbakyan states that after she began to investigate the foundation's activities and published her findings online, she became the target of a cyberharassment campaign by Dynasty's supporters.[81]

In December 2019, The Washington Post reported that Elbakyan was under investigation by the US Justice Department for suspected ties to Russia's military intelligence arm, the GRU, to steal U.S. military secrets from defense contractors.[82] Elbakyan has denied this, saying that Sci-Hub "is not in any way directly affiliated with Russian or some other country's intelligence," but noting that "of course, there could be some indirect help. The same as with donations, anyone can send them; they are completely anonymous, so I do not know who exactly is donating to Sci-Hub. There could be some help that I’m simply unaware of. I can only add that I write all of Sci-Hub code and design myself and I’m doing the server’s configuration."[83]

On May 8, 2021, Elbakyan tweeted that the FBI had served a subpoena to Apple seeking her iCloud data. The tweet included a screengrab of the notice from Apple.[84] The tweet was retweeted by Edward Snowden, who commented: "Members of Congress should be making calls about this. Journalists should be asking the White House and DOJ questions. The founder of Sci-hub — unquestionably one of the most important sites for academics in the world — should not be subject to persecution for their work."[46]

Works

  • Elbakyan, Alexandra (2016-02-24). "Why Sci-Hub is the true solution for Open Access: reply to criticism".
  • Elbakyan, Alexandra (2016-05-20). "Why Science is Better with Communism? The Case of Sci-Hub". Open Access Symposium 2016, University of North Texas.
  • Elbakyan, Alexandra (2009) "Электроэнцефалограмма человека как биометрическая характеристика в системах контроля доступа" [Human EEG as a biometric feature in access control systems] Bachelor Thesis, Satbayev University.
  • Elbakyan, Alexandra (2019) "Образ Духа Божьего в текстах еврейской Библии" [Image of the Holy Spirit in Hebrew Bible texts] Master Thesis, Saint Petersburg State University.

See also

References

  1. ↑ Elbakyan, Alexandra. "Alexandra Elbakyan". Twitter. Archived from the original on 2016-03-18. Retrieved 2021-10-24.
  2. 1 2 3 "Alexandra Elbakyan | Sci-Hub". Archived from the original on 2021-11-24.
  3. 1 2 3 Belluz, Julia (2016-02-18). "Meet the woman who's breaking the law to make science free for all". Vox. Archived from the original on 2016-02-19. Retrieved 2021-10-22.
  4. 1 2 3 4 Bohannon, John (29 April 2016). "The frustrated science student behind Sci-Hub". Science. 352 (6285): 511. Bibcode:2016Sci...352..511B. doi:10.1126/science.352.6285.511. PMID 27126021.
  5. 1 2 "Transcript and translation of Sci-Hub presentation". University of North Texas. Retrieved January 1, 2017. We have a recent addition to our lineup of speakers that we'll start off the day with: Alexandra Elbakyan. As many of you know, Alexandra is a Kazakhstani graduate student, computer programmer, and the creator of the controversial Sci-Hub site.
  6. 1 2 Elbakyan, Alexandra; Bozkurt, Aras (2021). "A Critical Conversation with Alexandra Elbakyan: Is she the Pirate Queen, Robin Hood, a Scholarly Activist, or a Butterfly Flapping its Wings?". Asian Journal of Distance Education. 16 (1): 111–118.
  7. ↑ Himmelstein, Daniel S; Romero, Ariel Rodriguez; Levernier, Jacob G; Munro, Thomas Anthony; McLaughlin, Stephen Reid; Greshake Tzovaras, Bastian; Greene, Casey S (2018-03-01). "Sci-Hub provides access to nearly all scholarly literature". eLife. 7: e32822. doi:10.7554/eLife.32822. ISSN 2050-084X. PMC 5832410. PMID 29424689.
  8. 1 2 3 4 Graber-Stiehl, Ian (2018-02-08). "Science's Pirate Queen". The Verge. Retrieved 1 November 2018.
  9. 1 2 "Nature's 10: Ten people who mattered this year". Nature. 540 (7634): 507–515. 2016-03-12. Bibcode:2016Natur.540..507.. doi:10.1038/540507a. PMID 30905952. In 2009, when she was a graduate student working on her final-year research project in Almaty, Kazakhstan, Elbakyan became frustrated at being unable to read many scholarly papers because she couldn't afford them...
  10. 1 2 3 4 Elbakyan, Alexandra. "Autobiography" (PDF). Archived (PDF) from the original on 2020-05-26.
  11. 1 2 3 Bartlett, Tom (June 28, 2021). "Is the Pirate Queen of Scientific Publishing in Real Trouble This Time?". Archived from the original on 2021-06-28.
  12. 1 2 3 4 "A Robin Hood in the World of Science: Alexandra Elbakyan". Bilim ve Aydınlanma Akademisi. 2021-02-27. Archived from the original on 2021-02-28. Retrieved 2021-10-06.
  13. 1 2 3 "The Founder of Sci-Hub Is Absolutely Unrepentant". Futurism. Retrieved 2021-10-21.
  14. ↑ Coralie Trinh Thi (2016). "Alexandra Elbakyan: la pirate scientifique" (in French). Archived from the original on January 11, 2017. Née en 1988 au Kazakhstan... elle étudie les neurosciences à Astana et son université n'a pas les moyens de payer l'abonnement aux publications des éditeurs scientifiques. Pour son projet de recherche (l'interactivité cerveau-machine), elle aurait dû acheter chaque article autour de 30 dollars – un prix faramineux quand on sait qu'il faut consulter des dizaines ou des centaines d'articles. Elle n'a qu'une solution: les pirater
  15. ↑ "Alexandra Elbakyan". Vk.com (in Russian). Retrieved 6 October 2016.
  16. ↑ Elbakyan, Alexandra (February 19, 2016). "Wiki identifies me as ethnic Armenian while I'm multiracial having both armenian, slavic and asian roots. Politics?". Twitter. Archived from the original on 25 August 2020. Retrieved 10 May 2016.
  17. ↑ Elbakyan, Alexandra; Bozkurt, Aras (2021-05-11). "A Critical Conversation with Alexandra Elbakyan: Is she the Pirate Queen, Robin Hood, a Scholarly Activist, or a Butterfly Flapping its Wings?". Asian Journal of Distance Education. 16 (1): 111–118. ISSN 1347-9008.
  18. ↑ ringo-ring (2019-03-30). "Sci-Hub and Alexandra basic information". engineuring. Retrieved 2021-11-04.
  19. ↑ "Bacteria Hunt:A multimodal, multiparadigm BCI game" (PDF). University of Twente. p. 22. Alexandra A. Elbakyan graduated from KazNTU with a bachelor's degree in IT in June 2009. She conducted a study regarding person identification by EEG in her final year thesis. She is going to continue her research in brain-computer interfaces and brain implants
  20. ↑ ringo-ring (2009-08-16). "Identify person by unique brain activity". engineuring. Retrieved 2021-10-22.
  21. 1 2 Cunff, Anne-Laure Le (2020-10-26). "Interview: Collective intelligence with Alexandra Elbakyan". Ness Labs. Retrieved 2021-10-22.
  22. ↑ Gameiro, Denise Neves (June 4, 2016). "This 27-year-old Woman is Shaking up the Scientific Publishing Industry". Labiotech.eu. Archived from the original on January 11, 2017. Alexandra Elbakyan, a 27-year-old researcher from Kazakhstan...was studying 'Neuroscience and Consciousness' in labs at Georgia Tech (US) and University of Freiburg (Germany)...she was forced to pirate papers for herself and other researchers
  23. ↑ "People". Georgia Institute of Technology. Archived from the original on January 11, 2017. Alexandra Elbakyan ... Summer 2010 ... Programming and data analysis
  24. ↑ "2010 H+ Summit @ Harvard | Alexandra Elbakyan: Brain-Computer Interfacing, Consciousness, and the Global Brain". hplussummit.com. Retrieved 2021-10-22.
  25. ↑ "Beyond the Borg – h+ Media". 2021-03-16. Archived from the original on 2021-03-16. Retrieved 2021-10-22.
  26. ↑ ringo-ring (2010-06-14). ""Mind implants" or how to expand consciousness using new technologies". engineuring. Retrieved 2021-10-22.
  27. ↑ "Toward a Science of Consciousness" (PDF). Archived (PDF) from the original on 2010-06-02.
  28. ↑ "Alexandra Elbakyan | Sci-Hub". sci-hub.ru. Retrieved 2021-10-28.
  29. ↑ ringo-ring (2018-02-16). "Corrections to The Verge article about Sci-Hub: part 1". engineuring. Retrieved 2021-10-28.
  30. ↑ Weinberg, Justin (2021-07-07). "Sci-Hub & the Philosophy Grad Student "Pirate Queen"". Daily Nous. Retrieved 2021-11-02.
  31. 1 2 "Opinion | Should All Research Papers Be Free?". The New York Times. 2016-03-12. ISSN 0362-4331. Retrieved 2018-03-03. DRAWING comparisons to Edward Snowden, a graduate student from Kazakhstan named Alexandra Elbakyan is believed to be hiding out in Russia after illegally leaking millions of documents. While she didn't reveal state secrets, she took a stand for the public's right to know by providing free online access to just about every scientific paper ever published, on topics ranging from acoustics to zymology.
  32. ↑ Peet, Lisa (August 25, 2016). "Sci-Hub Controversy Triggers Publishers' Critique of Librarian". Library Journal. Archived from the original on January 11, 2017. Elbakyan, a software developer and neurotechnology researcher, created Sci-Hub originally out of frustration over lack of access to scholarly material in her native Kazakhstan
  33. ↑ Meadows, Chris (2015-09-18). "Elsevier sues to shut down 'pirate' websites". TeleRead News: E-books, publishing, tech and beyond. Retrieved 2021-10-22.
  34. ↑ "Science "Pirate" Attacks Elsevier's Copyright Monopoly in Court * TorrentFreak". Retrieved 2021-10-22.
  35. ↑ "Elsevier Inc. et al v. Sci-Hub et al | United States Courts Archive". 2017-07-10. Archived from the original on 2017-07-10. Retrieved 2021-10-22.
  36. ↑ Elbakyan, Alexandra (15 September 2015). "Case 1:15-cv-04282-RWS Document 50" (PDF). Archived (PDF) from the original on 2015-09-21.
  37. ↑ Schiermeier, Quirin (22 June 2017). "US court grants Elsevier millions in damages from Sci-Hub". Nature. doi:10.1038/nature.2017.22196.
  38. ↑ Buranyi, Stephen (27 June 2017). "Is the staggeringly profitable business of scientific publishing bad for science?". The Guardian.
  39. ↑ Bohannon, John (29 April 2016). "Who's downloading pirated papers? Everyone". Science. 352 (6285): 508–512. doi:10.1126/science.aaf5664. PMID 27126020. Elbakyan also answered nearly every question I had about her operation of the website, interaction with users, and even her personal life. Among the few things she would not disclose is her current location, because she is at risk of financial ruin, extradition, and imprisonment because of a lawsuit launched by Elsevier last year.
  40. ↑ Maxwell, Andy (17 February 2023). "Sci-Hub Founder's High Court Creativity Fails to Dismiss Publishers' Lawsuit". Torrent Freak. Retrieved 17 February 2023.
  41. ↑ For examples, see:
  42. 1 2 3 4 5 "How one perplexing pirate is plundering the publishers • The Medical Republic". The Medical Republic. 2019-02-06. Archived from the original on 2019-02-10. Retrieved 2021-10-26. We were waiting for a call from either a master lawbreaker or a hero of science, depending on who you ask.
  43. ↑ "Pirate website Sci-Hub is making the world's academic research free to all. Some call her a hero. Others". The Toronto Star. 2019-10-05. ISSN 0319-0781. Retrieved 2021-10-26.
  44. ↑ ""Александра Элбакян — герой. Я аплодирую ее усилиям и ее смелости"". indicator.ru (in Russian). Retrieved 2021-10-22.
  45. ↑ Kravets, David (3 April 2016). "A spiritual successor to Aaron Swartz is angering publishers all over again". Ars Technica. Condé Nast. Archived from the original on January 11, 2017. Retrieved 18 April 2016. Just as Swartz did, this hacker is freeing tens of millions of research articles from paywalls, metaphorically hoisting a middle finger to the academic publishing industry, which, by the way, has again reacted with labels like 'hacker' and 'criminal.' Meet Alexandra Elbakyan, the developer of Sci-Hub, a Pirate Bay-like site for the science nerd. It's a portal that offers free and searchable access "to most publishers, especially well-known ones."
  46. 1 2 Snowden, Edward (2021-05-08). "Members of Congress should be making calls about this". Twitter. Archived from the original on 2021-05-09. Retrieved 2021-10-21. Members of Congress should be making calls about this. Journalists should be asking the White House and DOJ questions. The founder of Sci-hub — unquestionably one of the most important sites for academics in the world — should not be subject to persecution for their work.
  47. ↑ "Black market in academic papers is spooking publishers". University World News. Retrieved 2021-10-26.
  48. ↑ "Kazakhstan's Robin Hood: The Geopolitics of Sci-Hub". thediplomat.com. Retrieved 2021-10-26.
  49. ↑ Oxenham, Simon (10 February 2016). "Meet the Robin Hood of Science". The Big Think, Inc. Archived from the original on 17 February 2016. Retrieved 22 February 2016.
  50. 1 2 Khalaim, Andrey I.; Ruíz-Cancino, Enrique (31 August 2017). "Ichneumonidae (Hymenoptera) associated with xyelid sawflies (Hymenoptera, Xyelidae) in Mexico". Journal of Hymenoptera Research. 58: 17–27. doi:10.3897/jhr.58.12919.
  51. ↑ Elbakyan pulls Sci-Hub from Russia, 7 September 2017
  52. ↑ Котляр, Павел (5 September 2017). "Варитесь в своем дерьме сами" (in Russian). Gazeta.ru. Retrieved 21 October 2017.
  53. ↑ Agnolin, Federico L.; Bogan, Sergio (6 March 2020). "Goliath catfish Brachyplatystoma Bleeker, 1862 (Siluriformes: Pimelodidae) from the Miocene of Argentina". Journal of South American Earth Sciences. 100: 102551. Bibcode:2020JSAES.10002551A. doi:10.1016/j.jsames.2020.102551. S2CID 216380969.
  54. ↑ Grismado, Cristian; Ramírez, Martín, eds. (22 February 2021). "Nuevas especies 2020" (PDF) (in Spanish). Museo Argentino de Ciencias Naturales “Bernardino Rivadavia”. p. 25. Retrieved 24 October 2022.
  55. ↑ Islas-Hernández, C. Sofia; Alvarado-Cárdenas, Leonardo O. (2020-12-24). "Spigelia elbakyanii, a new species from Oaxaca, Mexico". Phytotaxa. 477 (2): 277–283. doi:10.11646/phytotaxa.477.2.12. ISSN 1179-3163. S2CID 234417932.
  56. ↑ Hassler, Michael. "Spigelia elbakyanii". World Plants. Synonymic Checklist and Distribution of the World Flora. Retrieved 24 October 2022.
  57. ↑ Islas-Hernández, C. Sofia; Alvarado-Cárdenas, Leonardo O. (7 June 2021). "Taxonomic adjustments in Mexican Spigelia (Loganiaceae)" (PDF). Phytoneuron. 2021 (23): 1–2. ISSN 2153-733X.
  58. ↑ Torres-Ramírez, Juan José; Angarita-Sierra, Teddy; Vargas-Ramírez, Mario (2021-03-05). "A new species of Amphisbaena (Squamata: Amphisbaenidae) from the Orinoquian region of Colombia". Vertebrate Zoology. 71: 55–74. doi:10.3897/vz.71.e59461. ISSN 2625-8498. S2CID 233805682.
  59. ↑ Kantor, Yuri I.; Puillandre, Nicolas (2021-09-28). "Rare, deep-water and similar: revision of Sibogasyrinx (Conoidea: Cochlespiridae)". European Journal of Taxonomy (773): 19–60. doi:10.5852/ejt.2021.773.1509. ISSN 2118-9773. S2CID 244236952.
  60. ↑ "Alexandra Elbakyan, the Intellectual Pirate in Hiding". The Education Magazine. 2020-12-15. Retrieved 2021-10-24.
  61. ↑ Singh, Sidharth. "Will Indian researchers lose free access to scientific papers?". Newslaundry. Archived from the original on 2021-09-18. Retrieved 2021-10-26. Abi Tamim Vanak, a research associate at the Ashoka Trust for Research on Ecology and the Environment, Bangalore, went so far as to argue that Elbakyan deserved a Nobel Prize. "SciHub has been my go to resource for accessing paywalled scientific literature. Alexandra Elbakyan has done more for science than all the top publishing houses in the world. She has freed knowledge from the clutches of corporate greed," he added. "She deserves a Nobel Prize."
  62. ↑ Jose Luis, Gorriz (10 Jun 2020). "Alexandra Elbakyan is the person who has contributed the most to the dissemination of science in the world". Archived from the original on 2020-06-10. Alexandra Elbakyan is the person who has contributed the most to the dissemination of science in the world. Good candidate for the Nobel Prize. Scientists are very grateful for her work. It is time for the world to consider that access to science should be facilitated
  63. ↑ "Commercial Science Journals: A Luxury Market?". SBMT - Sociedade Brasileira de Medicina Tropical. Archived from the original on 2021-10-26. Retrieved 2021-10-26. SBMT: Would you nominate Alexandra Elbakyan, from Sci-Hub for the Nobel Prize. If so, how to start a global movement for this? Dr. TR Shankar Raman: I am not a fan of the Nobel Prizes, given they have their own biases and have failed to adequately acknowledge scientific contributions of women, for example. But given that its stated purpose is to award those who have conferred the greatest benefit to humankind, Alexandra Elbakyan certainly qualifies.
  64. ↑ Release, Press (2023-07-26). "Electronic Frontier Foundation to Present Annual EFF Awards to Alexandra Asanovna Elbakyan, Library Freedom Project, and Signal Foundation". Electronic Frontier Foundation. Archived from the original on 11 August 2023. Retrieved 2023-09-23.
  65. ↑ ringo-ring (2016-02-24). "Why Sci-Hub is the true solution for Open Access: reply to criticism". engineuring. Retrieved 2021-10-28.
  66. 1 2 3 "Alexandra Elbakyan – Science Should be Open to all Not Behind Paywalls -". www.leafscience.org.
  67. ↑ "Scientist vs. publisher: Sci-Hub reveals flaws in academia – The Miscellany News". Archived from the original on 2019-02-11. Retrieved 2021-10-28. As a devout pirate, I think that copyright should be abolished. At least some corrections to the laws should be made that prohibit prosecutions or injunctions against free distribution of scientific knowledge and educational resources
  68. ↑ "Fighting for Communism in Science - BPR Interviews: Alexandra Elbakyan". Brown Political Review. 2021-04-16. Archived from the original on 2021-05-08. Retrieved 2021-10-28. From the very beginning, it's been my dream that Sci-Hub would facilitate long-lasting changes in the copyright laws that have been used to stop the free exchange of information online. We can have a discussion when copyright is used to stop the free distribution of movies and music, but if the law is against science and knowledge, there is nothing to discuss. Sci-Hub has made obvious that copyright prevents the development of science, free academic discussion on the Internet, and the free exchange of research knowledge in the form of articles and books. So what is the best thing we can do? It is to eliminate copyright law and allow the free distribution of knowledge on the Internet, and the free operation of websites like Sci-Hub. Sci-Hub's main crime is that it allows the free reading of academic journals and books on the Internet. That shouldn't be a crime in the first place.
  69. 1 2 "Why Sci-Hub is illegal, and what you can do about it". 2018-07-07.
  70. ↑ Кузнецов, Даниил (23 December 2016). "Пиратка года: До Сноудена или Ассанжа мне пока далеко" (in Russian). Life. Retrieved 21 October 2017.
  71. ↑ Belluz, Julia (2016-02-18). "Meet the woman who's breaking the law to make science free for all". Vox. Archived from the original on 2016-02-19. Retrieved 2021-10-28. Later I became acquainted with the works of Robert K. Merton, the founder of sociology of science. Back in the first half of the 20th century Merton noticed that common ownership of knowledge (i.e., communism) is one of the essential features of science that makes it work. He found the concept of intellectual property to be self-contradictory.
  72. ↑ "Fighting for Communism in Science - BPR Interviews: Alexandra Elbakyan". Brown Political Review. 2021-04-16. Archived from the original on 2021-05-08. Retrieved 2021-10-28. Knowledge today has become the private property of corporations such as the publisher Elsevier. These corporations are making a lot of money, while researchers are poor and exploited. Sci-Hub is against all of this. Knowledge belongs to everyone and all people should have equal access to it. Sci-Hub is fighting for communism in science.
  73. ↑ "Sci-Hub Tears Down Academia's "Illegal" Copyright Paywalls * TorrentFreak". Retrieved 2021-10-28.
  74. ↑ "Sci-Hub: What It Is and Why It Matters". American Libraries Magazine. 2016-05-31. Retrieved 2021-10-22.
  75. ↑ Sprague, John (March 2016). "Should knowledge be free?" (PDF). Archived (PDF) from the original on 2021-10-22.
  76. ↑ "Alexandra Elbakyan and Sci-Hub: The Full Story". Ultius. 2016-11-19. Retrieved 2021-10-22.
  77. ↑ "Sci-Hub Pledges Open Source & AI Alongside Crypto Donation Drive * TorrentFreak". Retrieved 2021-10-28.
  78. 1 2 Владимиров, Василий. "Политизация популяризации науки в современной России: о фонде "Династия"" (in Russian). APN. Retrieved 21 October 2017.
  79. ↑ "Pirate Party Russia: Putin's war against Ukraine | European Pirate Party". Retrieved 2022-10-11.
  80. ↑ "Вернуть Sci-Hub | Алла Астахова.Ru". alla-astakhova.ru. Retrieved 2021-10-21.
  81. ↑ Зораб, Руслан (6 September 2017). "Александра Элбакян: о либералах, троллинге и блокировке Sci-Hub в России" (in Russian). Naked Science. Retrieved 21 October 2017.
  82. ↑ "Justice Department investigates Sci-Hub founder on suspicion of working for Russian intelligence". The Washington Post. 2019-12-19. Retrieved 2019-12-20.
  83. ↑ Rohrlich, Justin (23 December 2019). "The "Robin Hood of science" says she's not a Russian asset". Quartz. Retrieved 21 January 2020.
  84. ↑ "'received a few minutes ago to my GMail. at first I thought it was a spam and was about to delete the email, but it turned out to be about FBI requesting my data from Apple'". Twitter. Archived from the original on 8 May 2021. Retrieved 9 May 2021.

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