Scotiabank Arena
The Hangar
The ACC
SBA
Scotiabank Arena in 2018
Scotiabank Arena is located in Toronto
Scotiabank Arena
Scotiabank Arena
Location in Toronto
Scotiabank Arena is located in Ontario
Scotiabank Arena
Scotiabank Arena
Location in Ontario
Scotiabank Arena is located in Canada
Scotiabank Arena
Scotiabank Arena
Location in Canada
Former namesToronto Postal Delivery Building
Air Canada Centre (1999–2018)
Address40 Bay Street
LocationToronto, Ontario
Coordinates43°38′36″N 79°22′45″W / 43.64333°N 79.37917°W / 43.64333; -79.37917
Public transit Union Station
Union subway station
GO Bus Terminal
Parking2 underground levels for 212 vehicles[1]
OwnerMaple Leaf Sports & Entertainment
OperatorMaple Leaf Sports & Entertainment
CapacityBasketball: 19,800 (20,511 with standing room)
Hockey: 18,800 (20,270 with standing room)
Lacrosse: 18,800
Concerts: 19,800
Theatre: 5,200[2]
Acreage61,780.5 m2 (665,000 sq ft)[3]
Construction
Broke ground1938 (original building)
March 12, 1997 (reconstruction)
OpenedFebruary 19, 1999
Construction costCA$265 million[4][5]
($404 million in 2021 dollars)[6]
Renovations:
2003: $5 million[7]
($6.89 million in 2021 dollars)[6]

2015: $10 million[8]
($11.2 million in 2021 dollars)[6]

2023: $350 million[9]
ArchitectBrisbin Brook Beynon Architects (Architect of Record)
HOK Sport
(Consulting Architects)[10]
Project managerClarendon Projects Ltd.[11]
Structural engineerYolles Partnership Inc.[12]
Services engineerThe Mitchell Partnership, Inc.[13]
General contractorPCL Constructors Western, Inc.
Tenants
Canada Post (1946–1994)
Toronto Maple Leafs (NHL) (1999–present)
Toronto Raptors (NBA) (1999–present)
Toronto Rock (NLL) (2001–2020)
Toronto Phantoms (AFL) (2001–2002)
Toronto Marlies (AHL) (2010–present, occasional home games)
Raptors 905 (NBA G League) (2015–present, selected matches)
Website
scotiabankarena.com
Designated1990

Scotiabank Arena (French: Aréna Scotiabank), formerly known as Air Canada Centre (ACC), is a multi-purposed arena located on Bay Street in the South Core district of Downtown Toronto, Ontario, Canada. It is the home of the Toronto Raptors of the National Basketball Association (NBA) and the Toronto Maple Leafs of the National Hockey League (NHL). In addition, the minor league Toronto Marlies of the American Hockey League (AHL) and the Raptors 905 of the NBA G League play occasional games at the arena. The arena was previously home to the Toronto Phantoms of the Arena Football League (AFL) and the Toronto Rock of the National Lacrosse League. Scotiabank Arena also hosts other events, such as concerts, political conventions and video game competitions.

The arena is 61,780.5 square metres (665,000 sq ft) in size. It is owned and operated by Maple Leaf Sports & Entertainment Ltd. (MLSE), which also owns the Leafs and the Raptors, as well as their respective development teams.

The building was constructed in 1941 as the Toronto Postal Delivery Building for postal deliveries and was temporarily used by the Department of National Defence during World War II. After the war, the building was transferred to Canada Post in 1946 where it functioned as the main postal terminal for Metropolitan Toronto until 1989 when Canada Post moved its services to the Eastern Avenue facility. The Postal Building was sold to a consortium of developers but was reverted to Canada Post ownership in 1993 due to financial woes, but the new ownership of the soon-to-be Toronto Raptors basketball team acquired the building in December 1994 to construct the new arena. However, the Raptors were acquired by Maple Leaf Gardens Ltd., the owners of the Maple Leafs hockey team in 1998 during construction that began a year prior, to replace their outdated Maple Leaf Gardens arena. The arena was opened on February 19, 1999, at the cost of $288 million ($499 million as of 2022), with the Leafs playing the Montreal Canadiens the following night, and the Raptors playing the Vancouver Grizzlies the night after that.[14][15]

In 2018, Scotiabank Arena was the 13th busiest arena in the world and the busiest in Canada.[16] It is also the most photographed location in Canada on Instagram according to BuzzFeed.[17] Scotiabank Arena is connected to Union Station's railway, subway and regional bus services and is connected to the Path.

Site history

Map of downtown Toronto in 1858
The Railway Lands between the Toronto waterfront and Front Street, c. 1919 the stadium site being in the centre area of this photo

The venue is located on land that was once part of Toronto's inner harbour. Infill of the inner harbour began in the 1850s and accelerated with the arrival of the railroad resulting in the current-day shape of downtown.[18] By 1858, the site was located between two wharves (Rees Wharf and Tinnings Wharf). As land was expanded southward, it remained under government control as possible locations for various Union Station expansions. The majority of the land was still part of the lake up until the early 1900s. By 1925, the northern parcel of the property was turned into Bayside Park, which had been part of an early proposal that was to have seen the lands south of the rail corridor transformed into an extensive lakeside park that followed today's Esplanade. The remaining land was most likely under the control of Central Harbour Terminals.[19]

Postal Delivery Building

In the 1930s, the property became the proposed home to Canada Post's Toronto Postal Delivery Building. In the 1920s, a postal handling facility already existed in the east wing of the city's then-new Union Station (Downtown Toronto's third major train station).[20] However, it quickly reached capacity by the 1930s due to major population growth of Toronto and its surrounding region.[21] In 1937, the Postmaster General appealed to the Minister of Public Works to approve a new replacement facility at the corner of Bay Street and Fleet Street (now Lake Shore Boulevard). Approval was granted by the federal Department of Public Works in part to stimulate the depression impacted construction industry.[22] Design and construction of the warehouse built with steel and concrete would begin in 1938. Designed by Charles B. Dolphin, it is a building that incorporates a combination of Art Deco and Art Moderne architectural style. The original building would be built for around $2 million (CAD)[23] ($36.8 million in 2021 dollars[6]). The building was strategically located south of Union Station and was connected directly to the train platforms via an underground tunnel. Trains would be able to directly unload mail and move it directly to the mail sorting centre.[24]

The original Toronto Postal delivery building, pictured in 1944.

Amid World War II, upon completion in 1941, the building would be temporarily handed over to the Department of National Defence for wartime storage purposes, and be finally turned over to Canada Post in 1946. Required modifications were made to the building to return it to its postal delivery purposes as a result of alterations done by the Department of National Defence. After the refurbishment work was completed in 1948, the building now possessed the capability and equipment for proper mail sorting and other mailing processing functions. Though it was designed as a mail sorting warehouse, it was also the home of Postal Station "A", which served mostly institutional and commercial clients. The ground floor was where the mail was dropped off by both railway carts and postal vans. Unsorted mail was moved by conveyor belts to the top floor and via gravity-fed mail chutes sorted by size and destination. Eventually, the sorted mail would end up back on the ground floor where it would be sent out for delivery.[22] The building would be used as a postal sorting centre up until 1989.

Postal building sculptures

The structure's most notable features, which have been retained, are the exterior 13-part series of limestone bas relief carvings by Louis Temporale Sr. CM, which depicts the history of transportation and communication in Canada.[24] Carved in 1938–39, the bas relief begins with scenes showing human speech, a runner carrying a message, aboriginals communicating by smoke signal, a group of voyageurs, a schooner and a Royal Mail steamship crossing the Atlantic Ocean from England, the CN train used during the 1939 Royal Tour, the mythical flying boat named 'Canopus' and northern travel by dog sled.[25] The sculptor's son Louis Temporale Jr. helped with restoration efforts in 1998 and in 2016 was still critical of the lack of protection of the artwork by stadium ownership for over 20 years since the creation of the artwork. Being near the elevated Gardiner Expressway results in salt spray, which is speeding up the deterioration of the limestone.[26]

Moving postal operations

In the late 1980s, the building and antiquated sorting equipment was in need of major renovations and expensive upgrades. In a cost-cutting move (part of larger overall service changes and cuts made to the Crown Corporation under the Brian Mulroney Progressive Conservatives), Canada Post decided to close the facility and move operations to an alternate more modern circa 1970s letter processing faculty on nearby Eastern Avenue. A structure with easy access to highways was designed specifically for transport truck bulk delivery of mail. By 1989, all of the old building's work was transferred here.[21] The 1980s real estate boom saw the building site become surrounded by numerous skyscrapers, hotels, convention centres, SkyDome stadium and condo towers. In the early 1990s, real estate developers Bramalea Limited and Trizec arranged to purchase the building from Canada Post, with plans to redevelop the site into a 230,000-square-metre (2,500,000 sq ft) office, retail and residential space. Financial and development details of the purchase imposed various conditions prior to development, including rezoning by the city and remediation of soil contamination by Canada Post.[27]

By this time, a deep prolonged recession had taken hold in the province, which saw many downtown Toronto high-rise construction projects paused or cancelled outright. There was limited market demand for new office space, one of the key requirements for acquiring bank loans. The resulting financing difficulties resulted in the building's ownership being reverted to Canada Post in 1993 with the structure remaining unused and abandoned. The Toronto Raptors' owners purchased the unused building from Canada Post the following year.[28]

Multi-purpose arena

The arena retains the eastern and southern walls of the original postal structure built, through a process of facadism.

By 1993, it had been decided that the NBA would expand into Canada. Three competing bids were entertained in July of the same year. The NBA Expansion committee visited the various proposed stadium sites. Major selling points to the committee were a downtown location, easy underground access to the subway and Path system and proximity to the business core, which would hopefully make corporate boxes enticing to corporations.[29]

On September 30, 1993, the NBA awarded the team to Professional Basketball Franchise Inc. (PBF), a company headed by Canadian businessman John Bitove. The Toronto Raptors were created and were required as terms of the winning bid to provide a suitable arena to play in. As part of the PBF proposal, the Canada Post building was ultimately chosen to be the new home of the Raptors in part due to its downtown location, proposed design and features along with lot size. Other sites considered included government-owned lands at Exhibition Place, North York City Centre, and downtown at Bay Street and Wellesley Street (a site of the planned Canadian Opera Hall in the 1980s). Another site under consideration by the MLSE bid group was at Bay Street and Dundas Street and would have been part of the neighbouring Eaton Centre. PBF purchased the Canada Post building and the land the building is on for CA$60 million.[21]

The Raptors would initially play their first two seasons just a few hundred metres (a few thousand feet) away in the multipurpose SkyDome (now Rogers Centre) stadium while the arena was constructed.[30] Groundbreaking took place in March 1997. The building retained the Art Deco Queenston limestone façade of the Toronto Postal Delivery Building along the east (along Bay Street) and south (Lake Shore Boulevard) walls of that structure, but the rest of the building (facing Union Station) was demolished to make room for the arena, through the process of facadism. The original building is protected under the Ontario Heritage Act.

Arena 'Wars'

When MLGL (Maple Leaf Gardens Limited, at the time, the controlling company of the Toronto Maple Leafs) lost out on their desire to be the franchise owners of the Raptors, competition between the two organizations heated up centred around venues. MLGL declined to allow Maple Leaf Gardens to be used for the NBA upstart as a result, pushing Bitove to secure rights to have the Raptors' opening seasons played at SkyDome until construction of the new stadium was complete.

The 1930s-era Maple Leaf Gardens was showing its age; the Maple Leafs in desperate desire for a new facility began developing plans for building an all-new stadium with one of the key criteria for the new location that it must be within close walking proximity to both the subway system and GO Transit. During the early stages of construction, MLGL floated to the media plans of their own to build a competing single-use stadium on adjacent property just to the north of the stadium atop the train sheds at Union Station (similar to how Madison Square Garden was constructed) as the new home for the Toronto Maple Leafs.[31] The reaction from Raptors was nothing but anger. "This proposed (Maple Leaf) location really disturbs us," stated team president Richard Peddie, who went on to say that they would fight the Leafs "every step of the way" and he did not understand why the Leafs have refused to join with the Raptors at their site, claiming that the Leafs want to "build virtually on top of us".[31] The major problem of the Union Station proposal was that the land that the stadium would have been built on was actually City of Toronto land that was leased out to Canadian National Railway and Canadian Pacific Railway, which were in a major, long-standing dispute over rent payments (dating back to 1969). As a result, MLGL offered the city $156 million (in 1997 dollars) in cash and assets to settle any and all outstanding claims and to buy the air rights above the Union Station train platforms.

During this period, the Raptors were twice fined a million dollars (which were donated to their charitable foundation) by the NBA for missing deadlines to begin construction of their new arena,[32] and disputes over the future of the arena resulted in John Bitove being forced to sell his stake to Allan Slaight as a result of a shotgun clause. Slaight—who wanted a joint arena deal with MLGL—then had majority ownership and immediately went into talks with MLGL, which eventually purchased both the Raptors and their partially completed arena. This subsequently resulted in major modifications to the original design, which was basketball-specific, to make the arena become more suitable for hockey. Originally planned to cost $217 million, MLGL increased the budget to $265 million after taking control.[5]

Construction

Air Canada Centre during construction in 1998

After the purchase of the Raptors and the Air Canada Centre, the new owners entered into a design-build contract with PCL Construction with the commitment to finish the stadium in 24 months by March 1, 1999.[1] The integration of the Maple Leafs into the new structure would result in a 25-percent increase in construction costs (over $25 million CAD in 1999).[1]

The completed structure included a 15-storey tower (reduced from a proposed 30-storey tower), four restaurants, and an underground parking lot.

Opening

In 1998, a strange twist of scheduling conflicts had the Toronto Raptors playing their final regular-season game at Copps Coliseum in Hamilton, as the Toronto Blue Jays had first right of refusal for all SkyDome dates. The Raptors had attempted to play the April 19 match at Maple Leaf Gardens, but were unsuccessful.[33]

A welcome message by Steve Stavro at the Leafs opening game on February 20, 1999

On December 30, 1998, the building's construction was completed, nine days ahead of schedule. Opening events took place early the next year and Steve Stavro (who was the majority shareholder of MLGL) was named CEO. The initial hockey game took place February 20, 1999 (Toronto Maple Leafs vs. Montreal Canadiens), the first basketball Game on February 21, 1999 (Toronto Raptors vs. Vancouver Grizzlies), and the opening concert on February 22, 1999 (The Tragically Hip).[21] Features of the new building consist of a 65,000-square-foot (6,000 m2) arena and a 165,000-square-foot (15,300 m2) office tower. There is also an east–west covered, climate-controlled galleria and walkway onsite that contains restaurants, the ticket office, and other commercial units. The Galleria also connects Scotiabank Arena to popular locations in the downtown core such as Union Station, Bay Street and York Street. Scotiabank Arena is connected to the underground PATH network. The Galleria also doubles as a historical museum by displaying numerous artifacts from the old Canada Post building.[34]

In its first ten years of operation, the new arena had an estimated economic benefit of $2.4 billion. This boosted Toronto's economy and led to further construction in the downtown core. Many projects in the area were completed ahead of schedule as a result of a desire to increase the infrastructure of downtown Toronto, and also from private funding (approximately $13 million) that was invested in seeing the economic growth of Toronto. These projects included the Bay West Teamway, Union Plaza, the Galleria (shopping centre), and Bremner Boulevard.[21]

Air Canada purchased naming rights to the arena for US$30 million for 20 years.[35] Several nicknames for the arena would emerge including 'The Hangar', but it would be the acronym 'ACC' that became the most commonly referenced shorthand for the venue and is still commonly used by local residents, even after the venue was renamed Scotiabank Arena, out of habit and nostalgia, rather than in opposition to commercialism as is the case of the nearby SkyDome (later renamed Rogers Centre), given that it still had a commercial name.

21st century

In September 2014, a group of life-sized statues were installed at the southwest corner of the arena.

In 2003, MLSE completed a $5-million upgrade of the arena, including a new LED signage system.[7] During the summer of 2015, a $10-million upgrade of the arena was carried out, which included the installation of a new scoreboard four times larger than the previous one. The old scoreboard was later installed at Ricoh Coliseum in Exhibition Place.[8]

In the winter of 2003–2004, the Alcohol and Gaming Commission of Ontario imposed a seven-day penalty on the arena for "permitting drunken patrons to be in the licensed patrons [sic]" in the fall of 2002 at a Toronto Maple Leafs game and also a Rolling Stones concert. As a result of these misdemeanours, there was no alcohol served at the arena from December 21 to 28 in 2003. The venue had multiple major events during this time frame, which included a Toronto Raptors–Orlando Magic game on December 21, a Toronto Maple Leafs–Florida Panthers game on December 23, and Disney on Ice: Toy Story 2, which ran from December 25, 2003, to January 1, 2004.[36]

On September 6, 2014, a group of statues known as Legends Row was unveiled outside the arena at the southwest corner of the building.[37] The statues were situated in multiple waves from 2014 to 2016 and include Ted Kennedy, Johnny Bower, Darryl Sittler, Borje Salming, Syl Apps, George Armstrong, Mats Sundin, Dave Keon, Turk Broda, and Tim Horton. In 2017, the final four statues were unveiled including Red Kelly, Frank Mahovlich, Charlie Conacher, and Wendel Clark.[38] Legends Row now features 14 life-sized statues of former Maple Leaf players alongside a 9-metre-long (30 ft) granite players' bench.[39]

Scotiabank Arena indoor entrance; the left side is the escalators for a new Path network connection to the CIBC Square office complex

The Air Canada Centre was renamed Scotiabank Arena on July 1, 2018. The landmark 20-year sponsorship agreement between Maple Leaf Sports & Entertainment and Scotiabank is worth about C$800 million. This is believed to be the highest-priced annual building and team sponsorship in North American sports history.[40][41] The arena is the third in Canada to bear naming rights to Scotiabank.

During the 2020–21 NBA season the Toronto Raptors relocated their home games to Amalie Arena in Tampa, Florida, due to the COVID-19 pandemic in Toronto.[42]

On May 11, 2021, Toronto Rock announced the relocation from Scotiabank Arena in Toronto to FirstOntario Centre in Hamilton, Ontario, beginning with the 2021–22 NLL season in December. The team retained the name "Toronto Rock" while in Hamilton.[43]

On June 27, 2021, Scotiabank Arena was used as a COVID-19 vaccine pop-up clinic for 26,771 people.[44] This clinic set a new record for the most COVID-19 vaccinations delivered at a single location in North America, beating out a pop-up drive-thru clinic that vaccinated 17,003 people at the Texas Motor Speedway in Fort Worth, Texas.[45]

A $350 million renovation of the arena, planned over several phases, was announced in October 2023. Preliminary phases of the project, which included a new video screen in Maple Leaf Square, had commenced in 2019, with major work completed in the summers of 2023 and 2024.[9]

Maple Leaf Square

A popular gathering point during Maple Leafs and Raptors playoff runs, the arena has a large video screen that overlooks the atrium of Maple Leaf Square.

In late 2005, Maple Leaf Sports and Entertainment announced that they would be renovating the western side of the Air Canada Centre during the 2008 off-season to connect it with the Maple Leaf Square development. Maple Leaf Square is jointly owned by MLSE, Cadillac Fairview and Lantera Developments. The $500 million development includes two restaurants, Hotel Le Germain at Maple Leaf Square boutique hotel, extensive retail shopping, including a 840-square-metre (9,000 sq ft) Leafs, Marlies, Raptors, and Toronto FC store, two 54-storey condominiums, a Longo's supermarket, and a public square. It opened in 2010. The two-year, $48 million renovation of the ACC added a new atrium that includes a High-Definition broadcast studio for Leafs Nation Network (formerly Leafs TV), NBA TV Canada and GolTV Canada.

The outside wall of the atrium features a 9.1-by-15.2-metre (30 by 50 ft) video screen overlooking the plaza, which often broadcasts games taking place inside the arena. During NHL and NBA playoff runs, the square attracts thousands of Leafs and Raptors fans, respectively, sometimes broadcasting away playoff matches featuring the Leafs and/or the Raptors as well.[46] A section of the square is designated Ford Fan Zone at Maple Leaf Square, with naming rights given to the Ford Motor Company of Canada. During Raptors playoff runs, the square has acquired the nickname "Jurassic Park" after the 1993 film adaptation that inspired the team's name. During the 2019 NBA playoffs and especially during the victorious 2019 NBA Finals, other city squares across Canada also acquired the Jurassic Park nickname, such as in Halifax, Nova Scotia.[47]

Events

A panorama of the interior of Scotiabank Arena after a Depeche Mode concert.

Concerts

Political conventions

In 2003, the governing Liberal Party of Canada held their leadership convention at the Air Canada Centre. Paul Martin was elected as the new leader of the party and thus also became prime minister, succeeding Jean Chrétien.

Sports

Scotiabank Arena is a multi-purpose arena that is able to host a number of sporting events, including basketball, box lacrosse, and ice hockey.

Hockey

Maple Leaf home games are generally sold out,[48] and there is a waitlist since the start of 2015 for Season Ticket Holders for upcoming seasons.[49]

Basketball

  • February 21, 1999 - First Raptors game versus the then-Vancouver Grizzlies. The Raptors won 102–87 in front of a sold-out crowd.
  • 2016 NBA All-Star Game, the first NBA All-Star Game held outside of the United States.
  • October 3, 2003, Air Canada Centre had a power outage during the third quarter of a Raptors pre-season game against the Athens-based club Panathinaikos. The game was called final, because the power was not restored in time and the Raptors already had a 30-point lead.
  • July 27, 2018, Scotiabank Arena hosted week 6 of the 2018 Big3 season. Toronto was the lone non-American venue city to host a Big3 event.
  • 2019 NBA Finals - Games 1, 2, and 5 versus the Golden State Warriors. The Raptors won the NBA championship 4-2, albeit in the Warriors' former home arena of Oracle Arena in Oakland in Game 6.
  • March 26, 2022 - A speaker above Section 103 of Scotiabank Arena caught on fire in a regular-season game between the Raptors and Indiana Pacers. The fire forced fans to evacuate the building and suspend the game for 70 minutes, before resuming the game at 9:30 P.M. (EDT), the time zone in effect where the game was played, with no fan attendance. The Raptors would go on to win 131-91.

Other sports

The Toronto Rock also moved to the Air Canada Centre from Maple Leaf Gardens for the 2001 NLL season. The Rock's first game was a 17–7 win over the Ottawa Rebel on December 21, 2000.

Flag raising during the 2017 Invictus Games closing ceremonies

In 2017, the Air Canada Centre hosted the opening and closing ceremonies for that year's Invictus Games.[52]

On September 23, 2017, the ACC presented the opening ceremony as a live two-hour event spectacular. This ceremony was designed to welcome and honour the 550 competitors and their families who come from 17 different competing nations. The show featured hundreds of cast members, including honorary men and women from the Canadian Armed Forces. The cast showed a display of ceremony in multiple different productions and the raising of the flag. Other guests of the event included celebrities, world dignitaries, headline music stars and other special guests. They gathered to celebrate the service and stories of the members of the 2017 Invictus Games. Headline performers included Laura Wright, Alessia Cara, The Tenors, Sarah McLachlan, and La Bottine Souriante.[52]

The ACC hosted the Invictus Games Toronto 2017 Closing Ceremony on September 20, 2017. The event featured an arrangement of international headline music artists, coming together to celebrate and recognize the Invictus Games competitors. The closing ceremony featured headline musical guests Bachman & Turner, Bryan Adams, Coeur de Pirate, Bruce Springsteen, and Kelly Clarkson. This celebration also included words from world dignitaries as the Games are passed to the host nation of the Invictus Games 2018, Sydney, Australia.[52]

The venue hosted Monster Jam on June 21–23, 2019.

The arena has also played host to six Ultimate Fighting Championship (UFC) events.[53][54]

Event Date
UFC 140 Saturday, December 10, 2011
UFC 152 Saturday, September 22, 2012
UFC 165 Saturday, September 21, 2013
UFC 206 Saturday, December 10, 2016
UFC 231 Saturday, December 8, 2018
UFC 297 Saturday, January 20, 2024

Video game competitions

On August 27 and 28, 2016, Air Canada Centre hosted the sixth season of the Summer North American Championship Series of League of Legends (LoL), marking the first professional League of Legends competition in Canada.[55] League of Legends is a popular multiplayer online battle arena (MOBA) computer game by American video game developer Riot Games; League of Legends competitions are among the most viewed among professional video game competitions worldwide. During the final round, Team SoloMid (TSM) defeated Cloud9 (C9) three matches to one in a best-of-five format. The Summer North American Championship Series serve as the qualifiers for the annual League of Legends World Championship for North American teams.

Scotiabank Arena is mentioned in the song "21 Raps", by Toronto-based rapper Connor Price. The line goes "Scotiabank Arena got the seats filled".[56]

References

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  47. ↑ Lucas Powers. "Jurassic Park spin-offs popping up as Raptors fever sweeps Canada". CBC.
  48. ↑ Williams, Cheryl. "Toronto Maple Leafs". The Canadian Encyclopedia. Retrieved March 9, 2015.
  49. ↑ "Purchase Season Seats". Toronto Maple Leafs. Retrieved March 9, 2015.
  50. ↑ "Schedule and Venues". Hockey Canada. 2010. Archived from the original on February 22, 2016. Retrieved April 15, 2020.
  51. ↑ Rosen, Dan. "NHL hub cities of Edmonton, Toronto ready for Stanley Cup Qualifiers". NHL.com. NHL. Archived from the original on August 3, 2020. Retrieved August 3, 2020.
  52. 1 2 3 "Ceremonies". Invictus Games Toronto 2017. 2016. Retrieved August 14, 2018.
  53. ↑ Staff (May 14, 2013). "UFC 165 heads to Air Canada Centre in Toronto on Sept. 21". mmajunkie.com. Retrieved May 14, 2013.
  54. ↑ Marc Raimondi (August 19, 2016). "UFC releases schedule for rest of 2016 including UFC 206 in Toronto". mmafighting.com. Retrieved August 19, 2016.
  55. ↑ "LoL Esports". www.lolesports.com.
  56. ↑ Stevenson, Jane (May 11, 2021). "Markham rapper's ode to the Raptors lands on Sportsnet". Toronto Sun. Retrieved June 10, 2023.
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