Academy Award for Best Original Screenplay
Daniel Kwan and Daniel Scheinert are the most recent winners of this award, winning for their film Everything Everywhere All at Once
Presented byAcademy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences (AMPAS)
First awarded1940
Most recent winnerDaniel Kwan and Daniel Scheinert
Everything Everywhere All at Once (2022)
Websiteoscars.org

The Academy Award for Best Original Screenplay is the Academy Award (also known as an Oscar) for the best screenplay not based upon previously published material. It was created in 1940 as a separate writing award from the Academy Award for Best Story. Beginning with the Oscars for 1957, the two categories were combined to honor only the screenplay.

See also the Academy Award for Best Adapted Screenplay, a similar award for screenplays that are adaptations of pre-existing material.

Eligibility

Screenplays are eligible if they are not based on "previously published material." The Writer’s Branch of the academy determines if a screenplay is adapted or original, based on possible sources in question, interviews given about the film and the film's publicity materials, and sometimes places screenplays in a different category than the Writers Guild of America. For the 75th Academy Awards, Gangs of New York was nominated as an original screenplay despite being based on the book The Gangs of New York because the writers based the film on the book's historical research but largely invented the characters and plot.[1] For the 89th Academy Awards, Moonlight was campaigned as an original screenplay, being based on an unpublished play, but was ultimately placed in the adapted screenplay category, which it won.[2] Similarly, Whiplash was considered an adapted screenplay at the 87th Academy Awards despite being written as an original screenplay because a scene from the script was produced as a proof-of-concept short film. However, 2008's Frozen River, which similarly had a proof-of-concept short film screened at film festivals, was nominated as an original screenplay.[3]

Superlatives

Woody Allen has received the most Oscar nominations in this category with 16 winning three times for Annie Hall, Hannah and Her Sisters and Midnight in Paris

Woody Allen has the most nominations in this category with 16, and the most awards with 3 (for Annie Hall (1977), Hannah and Her Sisters (1986), and Midnight in Paris (2011)). Paddy Chayefsky and Billy Wilder have also won three screenwriting Oscars: Chayefsky won two for Original Screenplay (The Hospital and Network) and one for Adapted Screenplay (Marty), while Wilder won one for Adapted Screenplay (The Lost Weekend, shared with Charles Brackett), and two for Original Screenplay (Sunset Boulevard, shared with Brackett and D. M. Marshman Jr., and The Apartment, shared with I. A. L. Diamond)

Woody Allen also holds the record as the oldest winner (76) for Midnight in Paris.[4] Ben Affleck is the youngest winner (25) for Good Will Hunting, co-written with Matt Damon (27).

Richard Schweizer was the first to win for a foreign-language film, Marie-Louise. Other winners for a non-English screenplay include Albert Lamorisse, Pietro Germi, Claude Lelouch, Pedro Almodóvar, Bong Joon-ho and Han Jin-won. Lamorisse is additionally the only person to win or even be nominated for Best Original Screenplay for a short film (The Red Balloon, 1956).[5]

Frances Marion (The Big House) was the first woman to win for her original script, although she won Best Writing, which then included both original and adapted screenplays before a separate award for Best Original Screenplay was introduced. Muriel Box (The Seventh Veil) was the first woman to win in this category; she shared the award with her husband, Sydney Box. They are also the first of two married couples to win in this category; Earl W. Wallace and Pamela Wallace (Witness) are the others.

In 1996, Joel Coen and Ethan Coen became the only siblings to win in this category (for Fargo).[6] Francis Ford Coppola (Patton, 1970) [7] and Sofia Coppola (Lost in Translation, 2003) are the only father-daughter pair to win.[8]

Preston Sturges was nominated for two different films in the same year (1944): Hail the Conquering Hero and The Miracle of Morgan's Creek. Oliver Stone achieved the same distinction in 1986, for Platoon and Salvador. Maurice Richlin and Stanley Shapiro were nominated in 1959 for both Operation Petticoat and Pillow Talk and won for the latter.

Jordan Peele became the first and only African-American to win in this category for 2017's Get Out.[9]

Bong Joon-ho and Han Jin-won became the first Asian writers to win either Screenplay award, for 2019's Parasite.[10][11] This was also the most recent of 10 occasions when Oscars in this category have been awarded to writers for both screenplay AND story on one film (sometimes they have been completely different, and sometimes the credited screenplay author also contributed to the story alongside at least one other credited scribe).

Winners and nominees

Winners are listed first in the colored row and denoted by double dagger (‡), followed by the other nominees.

1940s

Black-and-white portrait of Orson Welles by photographer Carl Van Vechten in 1937.
Orson Welles co-won the award for Citizen Kane in 1942.
Black-and-white photo of Herman J. Mankiewicz in 1943.
Herman J. Mankiewicz, co-winner of the second award in this category (for Citizen Kane).
Year Film Nominee
1940
(13th)
[12]		 The Great McGinty Preston Sturges‡
Angels Over Broadway Ben Hecht
Dr. Ehrlich's Magic Bullet Norman Burnside, Heinz Herald & John Huston
Foreign Correspondent Charles Bennett & Joan Harrison
The Great Dictator Charlie Chaplin
1941
(14th)
[13]		 Citizen Kane Herman J. Mankiewicz & Orson Welles‡
The Devil and Miss Jones Norman Krasna
Sergeant York Harry Chandlee, Abem Finkel, John Huston & Howard Koch
Tall, Dark and Handsome Karl Tunberg & Darrell Ware
Tom, Dick and Harry Paul Jarrico
1942
(15th)
[14]		 Woman of the Year Ring Lardner Jr. & Michael Kanin‡
One of Our Aircraft Is Missing Michael Powell & Emeric Pressburger
Road to Morocco Frank Butler & Don Hartman
Wake Island W. R. Burnett & Frank Butler
The War Against Mrs. Hadley George Oppenheimer
1943
(16th)
[15]		 Princess O'Rourke Norman Krasna‡
Air Force Dudley Nichols
In Which We Serve Noël Coward
The North Star Lillian Hellman
So Proudly We Hail! Allan Scott
1944
(17th)
[16]		 Wilson Lamar Trotti‡
Hail the Conquering Hero Preston Sturges
The Miracle of Morgan's Creek
Two Girls and a Sailor Richard Connell & Gladys Lehman
Wing and a Prayer Jerome Cady
1945
(18th)
[17]		 Marie-Louise Richard Schweizer‡
Dillinger Philip Yordan
Music for Millions Myles Connolly
Salty O'Rourke Milton Holmes
What Next, Corporal Hargrove? Harry Kurnitz
1946
(19th)
[18]		 The Seventh Veil Muriel & Sydney Box‡
The Blue Dahlia Raymond Chandler
Children of Paradise Jacques Prévert
Notorious Ben Hecht
Road to Utopia Melvin Frank & Norman Panama
1947
(20th)
[19]		 The Bachelor and the Bobby-Soxer Sidney Sheldon‡
Body and Soul Abraham Polonsky
A Double Life Ruth Gordon & Garson Kanin
Monsieur Verdoux Charlie Chaplin
Shoeshine Sergio Amidei, Adolfo Franci, Cesare Giulio Viola & Cesare Zavattini
1948
(21st)		 N/A [note 1][20] —
1949
(22nd)
[21]		 Battleground Robert Pirosh‡
Jolson Sings Again Sidney Buchman
Paisan Sergio Amidei, Federico Fellini, Alfred Hayes, Marcello Pagliero & Roberto Rossellini
Passport to Pimlico T. E. B. Clarke
The Quiet One Helen Levitt, Janice Loeb & Sidney Meyers

1950s

Photograph of Billy Wilder with actress Gloria Swanson during filming of Sunset Boulevard.
Screenwriter and director Billy Wilder received two awards in this category in collaboration with others—one for Sunset Boulevard and one for The Apartment.
Budd Schulberg won for On the Waterfront (1954)
Black-and-white photo of William Inge in 1954.
William Inge earned this award in 1961 for Splendor in the Grass.
Year Film Nominees
1950
(23rd)
[22]		 Sunset Boulevard Charles Brackett, D. M. Marshman Jr. & Billy Wilder‡
Adam's Rib Ruth Gordon & Garson Kanin
Caged Virginia Kellogg & Bernard C. Schoenfeld
The Men Carl Foreman
No Way Out Joseph L. Mankiewicz & Lesser Samuels
1951
(24th)
[23]		 An American in Paris Alan Jay Lerner‡
Ace in the Hole Walter Newman, Lesser Samuels & Billy Wilder
David and Bathsheba Philip Dunne
Go for Broke! Robert Pirosh
The Well Clarence Greene & Russell Rouse
1952
(25th)
[24]		 The Lavender Hill Mob T. E. B. Clarke‡
The Atomic City Sydney Boehm
Breaking the Sound Barrier Terence Rattigan
Pat and Mike Ruth Gordon & Garson Kanin
Viva Zapata! John Steinbeck
1953
(26th)
[25]		 Titanic Charles Brackett, Richard L. Breen & Walter Reisch‡
The Band Wagon Betty Comden & Adolph Green
The Desert Rats Richard Murphy
The Naked Spur Harold Jack Bloom & Sam Rolfe
Take the High Ground! Millard Kaufman
1954
(27th)
[26]		 On the Waterfront Budd Schulberg‡
The Barefoot Contessa Joseph L. Mankiewicz
Genevieve William Rose
The Glenn Miller Story Oscar Brodney & Valentine Davies
Knock on Wood Melvin Frank & Norman Panama
1955
(28th)
[27]		 Interrupted Melody Sonya Levien & William Ludwig‡
The Court-Martial of Billy Mitchell Emmet Lavery & Milton Sperling
It's Always Fair Weather Betty Comden & Adolph Green
Mr. Hulot's Holiday Henri Marquet & Jacques Tati
The Seven Little Foys Melville Shavelson & Jack Rose
1956
(29th)
[28]		 The Red Balloon Albert Lamorisse‡
The Bold and the Brave Robert Lewin
Julie Andrew L. Stone
La Strada Federico Fellini & Tullio Pinelli
The Ladykillers William Rose
1957
(30th)
[29]		 Designing Woman George Wells‡
Funny Face Leonard Gershe
Man of a Thousand Faces Screenplay: Robert Campbell, Ivan Goff & Ben Roberts; Story: Ralph Wheelwright
The Tin Star Screenplay: Dudley Nichols; Story: Joel Kane & Barney Slater
I Vitelloni Screenplay: Federico Fellini & Ennio Flaiano; Story: Fellini, Flaiano & Tullio Pinelli
1958
(31st)
[30]		 The Defiant Ones Nedrick Young & Harold Jacob Smith‡ [note 2]
The Goddess Paddy Chayefsky
Houseboat Melville Shavelson & Jack Rose
The Sheepman Screenplay: William Bowers & James Edward Grant; Story: Grant
Teacher's Pet Fay Kanin & Michael Kanin
1959
(32nd)
[31]		 Pillow Talk Screenplay: Stanley Shapiro & Maurice Richlin; Story: Clarence Greene & Russell Rouse‡
The 400 Blows Marcel Moussy & François Truffaut
North by Northwest Ernest Lehman
Operation Petticoat Screenplay: Shapiro & Richlin; Story: Paul King & Joseph Stone
Wild Strawberries Ingmar Bergman

1960s

Claude Lelouch won for A Man and a Woman (1966)
Photograph of screenwriter William Rose on his wedding day in 1944, along with his wife and guests.
William Rose (center right) won for Guess Who's Coming to Dinner (1968)
Mel Brooks in 2010 at a ceremony to give him a star on the Walk of Fame.
Mel Brooks won in 1969 for 1968's The Producers.
William Goldman in November 2008.
William Goldman, winner in 1969 for Butch Cassidy and the Sundance Kid.
Year Film Nominees
1960
(33rd)
[32]		 The Apartment I. A. L. Diamond & Billy Wilder‡
The Angry Silence Screenplay: Bryan Forbes; Story: Michael Craig & Richard Gregson
The Facts of Life Melvin Frank & Norman Panama
Hiroshima, Mon Amour Marguerite Duras
Never on Sunday Jules Dassin
1961
(34th)
[33]		 Splendor in the Grass William Inge‡
Ballad of a Soldier Grigory Chukhray & Valentin Yezhov
General Della Rovere Sergio Amidei, Diego Fabbi & Indro Montanelli
La Dolce Vita Federico Fellini, Ennio Flaiano, Tullio Pinelli & Brunello Rondi
Lover Come Back Paul Henning & Stanley Shapiro
1962
(35th)
[34]		 Divorce Italian Style Ennio de Concini, Pietro Germi & Alfredo Giannetti‡
Freud Screenplay: Charles Kaufman & Wolfgang Reinhardt; Story: Kaufman
Last Year at Marienbad Alain Robbe-Grillet
That Touch of Mink Nate Monaster & Stanley Shapiro
Through a Glass Darkly Ingmar Bergman
1963
(36th)
[35]		 How the West Was Won James R. Webb‡
America America Elia Kazan
8½ Federico Fellini, Ennio Flaiano, Tullio Pinelli & Brunello Rondi
The Four Days of Naples Screenplay: Carlo Bernari, Pasquale Festa Campanile, Massimo Franciosa & Nanni Loy; Story: Campanile, Franciosa, Loy & Vasco Pratolini
Love with the Proper Stranger Arnold Schulman
1964
(37th)
[36]		 Father Goose Screenplay: Peter Stone & Frank Tarloff; Story: S. H. Barnett ‡
A Hard Day's Night Alun Owen
One Potato, Two Potato Screenplay: Orville H. Hampton; Story: Raphael Hayes
The Organizer Age, Mario Monicelli & Furio Scarpelli
That Man from Rio Daniel Boulanger, Philippe de Broca, Ariane Mnouchkine & Jean-Paul Rappeneau
1965
(38th)
[37]		 Darling Frederic Raphael‡
Casanova 70 Age, Suso Cecchi d'Amico, Tonino Guerra, Mario Monicelli, Giorgio Salvioni & Furio Scarpelli
Those Magnificent Men in Their Flying Machines Ken Annakin & Jack Davies
The Train Franklin Coen & Frank Davis
The Umbrellas of Cherbourg Jacques Demy
1966
(39th)
[38]		 A Man and a Woman Screenplay: Claude Lelouch & Pierre Uytterhoeven; Story: Lelouch ‡
Blowup Screenplay: Michelangelo Antonioni, Edward Bond & Tonino Guerra; Story: Antonioni
The Fortune Cookie I. A. L. Diamond & Billy Wilder
Khartoum Robert Ardrey
The Naked Prey Clint Johnston & Don Peters
1967
(40th)
[39]		 Guess Who's Coming to Dinner William Rose‡
Bonnie and Clyde Robert Benton & David Newman
Divorce American Style Screenplay: Norman Lear; Story: Robert Kaufman
La Guerre Est Finie Jorge Semprún
Two for the Road Frederic Raphael
1968
(41st)
[40]		 The Producers Mel Brooks‡
The Battle of Algiers Gillo Pontecorvo & Franco Solinas
Faces John Cassavetes
Hot Millions Peter Ustinov & Ira Wallach
2001: A Space Odyssey Arthur C. Clarke & Stanley Kubrick
1969
(42nd)
[41]		 Butch Cassidy and the Sundance Kid William Goldman‡
Bob & Carol & Ted & Alice Paul Mazursky & Larry Tucker
The Damned Screenplay: Nicola Badalucco, Enrico Medioli & Luchino Visconti; Story: Badalucco
Easy Rider Peter Fonda, Dennis Hopper & Terry Southern
The Wild Bunch Screenplay: Walon Green & Sam Peckinpah; Story: Green & Roy N. Sickner

1970s

Francis Ford Coppola in 2011.
Francis Ford Coppola, co-winner of the 1970 award for Patton.
A young Paddy Chayefsky in 1958.
Paddy Chayefsky garnered two solo wins The Hospital (1971) and Network (1976)
Robert Towne smoking in a cigar from a still of the movie that bears his name.
The screenwriter of Chinatown, Robert Towne, received this award.
Woody Allen in 2006.
Woody Allen earned three Original Screenplay Oscars, for Annie Hall (along with Marshall Brickman), Hannah and Her Sisters, and Midnight in Paris. He has received sixteen nominations total, the most of any writer.
Steve Tesich outside on a snowy day in 1990.
Steve Tesich received the award in 1979 for Breaking Away.
Year Film Nominees
1970
(43rd)
[42]		 Patton Francis Ford Coppola & Edmund H. North‡
Five Easy Pieces Screenplay: Carole Eastman; Story: Eastman & Bob Rafelson
Joe Norman Wexler
Love Story Erich Segal
My Night at Maud's Éric Rohmer
1971
(44th)
[43]		 The Hospital Paddy Chayefsky‡
Investigation of a Citizen Above Suspicion Elio Petri & Ugo Pirro
Klute Andy & David Lewis
Summer of '42 Herman Raucher
Sunday Bloody Sunday Penelope Gilliatt
1972
(45th)
[44]		 The Candidate Jeremy Larner‡
The Discreet Charm of the Bourgeoisie Screenplay & Story: Luis Buñuel; Collaboration: Jean-Claude Carrière
Lady Sings the Blues Chris Clark, Suzanne de Passe & Terrence McCloy
Murmur of the Heart Louis Malle
Young Winston Carl Foreman
1973
(46th)
[45]		 The Sting David S. Ward‡
American Graffiti Willard Huyck, George Lucas & Gloria Katz
Cries and Whispers Ingmar Bergman
Save the Tiger Steve Shagan
A Touch of Class Melvin Frank & Jack Rose
1974
(47th)
[46]		 Chinatown Robert Towne‡
Alice Doesn't Live Here Anymore Robert Getchell
The Conversation Francis Ford Coppola
Day for Night Jean-Louis Richard, Suzanne Schiffman & François Truffaut
Harry and Tonto Josh Greenfeld & Paul Mazursky
1975
(48th)
[47]		 Dog Day Afternoon Frank Pierson‡
Amarcord Federico Fellini & Tonino Guerra
And Now My Love Claude Lelouch & Pierre Uytterhoeven
Lies My Father Told Me Ted Allan
Shampoo Robert Towne & Warren Beatty
1976
(49th)
[48]		 Network Paddy Chayefsky‡
Cousin, Cousine Screenplay & Story: Jean-Charles Tacchella Adaptation: Daniele Thompson
The Front Walter Bernstein
Rocky Sylvester Stallone
Seven Beauties Lina Wertmüller
1977
(50th)
[49]		 Annie Hall Woody Allen & Marshall Brickman
The Goodbye Girl Neil Simon
The Late Show Robert Benton
Star Wars George Lucas
The Turning Point Arthur Laurents
1978
(51st)
[50]		 Coming Home Screenplay: Robert C. Jones‡ & Waldo Salt; Story: Nancy Dowd ‡
Autumn Sonata Ingmar Bergman
The Deer Hunter Screenplay: Deric Washburn; Story: Michael Cimino, Louis Garfinkle, Quinn Redeker & Washburn
Interiors Woody Allen
An Unmarried Woman Paul Mazursky
1979
(52nd)
[51]		 Breaking Away Steve Tesich‡
All That Jazz Robert Alan Aurthur & Bob Fosse
...And Justice for All. Valerie Curtin & Barry Levinson
The China Syndrome James Bridges, T. S. Cook & Mike Gray
Manhattan Woody Allen & Marshall Brickman

1980s

Black-and-white portrait of Bo Goldman.
Bo Goldman won for Melvin and Howard (1980).
Portrait of John Patrick Shanley in 2015.
John Patrick Shanley won for Moonstruck (1987).
Year Film Nominees
1980
(53rd)
[52]		 Melvin and Howard Bo Goldman‡
Brubaker Screenplay: W. D. Richter; Story: Richter & Arthur A. Ross
Fame Christopher Gore
Mon oncle d'Amérique Jean Gruault
Private Benjamin Nancy Meyers, Harvey Miller & Charles Shyer
1981
(54th)
[53]		 Chariots of Fire Colin Welland‡
Absence of Malice Kurt Luedtke
Arthur Steve Gordon
Atlantic City John Guare
Reds Trevor Griffiths & Warren Beatty
1982
(55th)
[54]		 Gandhi John Briley‡
Diner Barry Levinson
E.T. the Extra-Terrestrial Melissa Mathison
An Officer and a Gentleman Douglas Day Stewart
Tootsie Screenplay: Larry Gelbart & Murray Schisgal; Story: Gelbart & Don McGuire
1983
(56th)
[55]		 Tender Mercies Horton Foote‡
The Big Chill Barbara Benedek & Lawrence Kasdan
Fanny and Alexander Ingmar Bergman
Silkwood Alice Arlen & Nora Ephron
WarGames Lawrence Lasker & Walter Parkes
1984
(57th)
[56]		 Places in the Heart Robert Benton‡
Beverly Hills Cop Screenplay: Daniel Petrie Jr.; Story: Danilo Bach & Petrie
Broadway Danny Rose Woody Allen
El Norte Gregory Nava & Anna Thomas
Splash Screenplay: Bruce Jay Friedman, Lowell Ganz & Babaloo Mandel; Story: Friedman & Brian Grazer
1985
(58th)
[57]		 Witness Screenplay: William Kelley & Earl W. Wallace; Story: Kelley, E. Wallace & Pamela Wallace ‡
Back to the Future Bob Gale & Robert Zemeckis
Brazil Terry Gilliam, Charles McKeown & Tom Stoppard
The Official Story Aída Bortnik & Luis Puenzo
The Purple Rose of Cairo Woody Allen
1986
(59th)
[58]		 Hannah and Her Sisters Woody Allen‡
Crocodile Dundee Screenplay: John Cornell, Paul Hogan & Ken Shadie; Story: Hogan
My Beautiful Laundrette Hanif Kureishi
Platoon Oliver Stone
Salvador Richard Boyle & Stone
1987
(60th)
[59]		 Moonstruck John Patrick Shanley‡
Au Revoir Les Enfants (Goodbye, Children) Louis Malle
Broadcast News James L. Brooks
Hope and Glory John Boorman
Radio Days Woody Allen
1988
(61st)
[60]		 Rain Man Screenplay: Ronald Bass & Barry Morrow; Story: Morrow ‡
Big Gary Ross & Anne Spielberg
Bull Durham Ron Shelton
A Fish Called Wanda Screenplay: John Cleese; Story: Cleese & Charles Crichton
Running on Empty Naomi Foner Gyllenhaal
1989
(62nd)
[61]		 Dead Poets Society Tom Schulman‡
Crimes and Misdemeanors Woody Allen
Do the Right Thing Spike Lee
Sex, Lies, and Videotape Steven Soderbergh
When Harry Met Sally... Nora Ephron

1990s

Jane Campion in 2014.
Jane Campion won for The Piano in 1993.
Tarantino at the San Diego Comic-Con International.
Quentin Tarantino won twice for Pulp Fiction (1994), and Django Unchained (2012)
The Coen brothers at the Cannes Film Festival in 2015.
Writer-director pair the Coen brothers won for Fargo (1996)
Ben Affleck at ComicCon 2017.
Ben Affleck, co-winner for Good Will Hunting (1997)
Matt Damon at the world premiere of The Martian at the 2015 Toronto International Film Festival.
Matt Damon also received the award for Good Will Hunting.
Year Film Nominees
1990
(63rd)
[62]		 Ghost Bruce Joel Rubin‡
Alice Woody Allen
Avalon Barry Levinson
Green Card Peter Weir
Metropolitan Whit Stillman
1991
(64th)
[63]		 Thelma & Louise Callie Khouri‡
Boyz n the Hood John Singleton
Bugsy James Toback
The Fisher King Richard LaGravenese
Grand Canyon Lawrence Kasdan & Meg Kasdan
1992
(65th)
[64]		 The Crying Game Neil Jordan‡
Husbands and Wives Woody Allen
Lorenzo's Oil Nick Enright & George Miller
Passion Fish John Sayles
Unforgiven David Peoples
1993
(66th)
[65]		 The Piano Jane Campion‡
Dave Gary Ross
In the Line of Fire Jeff Maguire
Philadelphia Ron Nyswaner
Sleepless in Seattle Screenplay: Jeff Arch, Nora Ephron & David S. Ward; Story: Arch
1994
(67th)
[66]		 Pulp Fiction Screenplay: Quentin Tarantino; Story: Roger Avary & Tarantino ‡
Bullets over Broadway Woody Allen & Douglas McGrath
Four Weddings and a Funeral Richard Curtis
Heavenly Creatures Peter Jackson & Frances Walsh
Three Colours: Red Krzysztof Kieślowski & Krzysztof Piesiewicz
1995
(68th)
[67]		 The Usual Suspects Christopher McQuarrie‡
Braveheart Randall Wallace
Mighty Aphrodite Woody Allen
Nixon Stephen J. Rivele, Oliver Stone & Christopher Wilkinson
Toy Story Screenplay: Joel Cohen, Alec Sokolow, Andrew Stanton & Joss Whedon; Story: Pete Docter, John Lasseter, Joe Ranft & Stanton
1996
(69th)
[68]		 Fargo Coen Brothers‡
Jerry Maguire Cameron Crowe
Lone Star John Sayles
Secrets & Lies Mike Leigh
Shine Screenplay: Jan Sardi; Story: Scott Hicks
1997
(70th)
[69]		 Good Will Hunting Ben Affleck & Matt Damon‡
As Good as It Gets Screenplay: Mark Andrus & James L. Brooks; Story: Andrus
Boogie Nights Paul Thomas Anderson
Deconstructing Harry Woody Allen
The Full Monty Simon Beaufoy
1998
(71st)
[70]		 Shakespeare in Love Marc Norman & Tom Stoppard‡
Bulworth Screenplay: Warren Beatty & Jeremy Pikser; Story: Beatty
Life Is Beautiful Roberto Benigni & Vincenzo Cerami
Saving Private Ryan Robert Rodat
The Truman Show Andrew Niccol
1999
(72nd)
[71]		 American Beauty Alan Ball‡
Being John Malkovich Charlie Kaufman
Magnolia Paul Thomas Anderson
The Sixth Sense M. Night Shyamalan
Topsy-Turvy Mike Leigh

2000s

Pedro Almodóvar won for Talk to Her (2002)
Coppola in 2003.
Sofia Coppola won for 2003's Lost in Translation.
Charlie Kaufman won for Eternal Sunshine of the Spotless Mind (2004)
Cody, January 2008.
Diablo Cody won for 2007's Juno.
Dustin Lance Black at the 81st Academy Awards.
Dustin Lance Black won for 2008's Milk.
Mark Boal in 2012.
Mark Boal won for 2009's The Hurt Locker.
Year Film Nominees
2000
(73rd)
[72]		 Almost Famous Cameron Crowe‡
Billy Elliot Lee Hall
Erin Brockovich Susannah Grant
Gladiator Screenplay: David Franzoni, John Logan & William Nicholson; Story: Franzoni
You Can Count on Me Kenneth Lonergan
2001
(74th)
[73]		 Gosford Park Julian Fellowes‡
Amélie Screenplay: Jean-Pierre Jeunet & Guillaume Laurant; Dialogue: Laurant
Memento Screenplay: Christopher Nolan; Story: Jonathan Nolan
Monster's Ball Milo Addica & Will Rokos
The Royal Tenenbaums Wes Anderson & Owen Wilson
2002
(75th)
[74]		 Talk to Her Pedro Almodóvar‡
Far from Heaven Todd Haynes
Gangs of New York Screenplay: Jay Cocks, Kenneth Lonergan & Steven Zaillian; Story: Cocks
My Big Fat Greek Wedding Nia Vardalos
Y Tu Mamá También Alfonso & Carlos Cuarón
2003
(76th)
[75]		 Lost in Translation Sofia Coppola‡
The Barbarian Invasions Denys Arcand
Dirty Pretty Things Steven Knight
Finding Nemo Screenplay: Bob Peterson, David Reynolds & Andrew Stanton; Story: Stanton
In America Jim, Kirsten & Naomi Sheridan
2004
(77th)
[76]		 Eternal Sunshine of the Spotless Mind Screenplay: Charlie Kaufman; Story: Pierre Bismuth, Michel Gondry & Kaufman ‡
The Aviator John Logan
Hotel Rwanda Terry George & Keir Pearson
The Incredibles Brad Bird
Vera Drake Mike Leigh
2005
(78th)
[77]		 Crash Screenplay: Paul Haggis & Bobby Moresco; Story: Haggis ‡
Good Night, and Good Luck George Clooney & Grant Heslov
Match Point Woody Allen
The Squid and the Whale Noah Baumbach
Syriana Stephen Gaghan
2006
(79th)
[78]		 Little Miss Sunshine Michael Arndt‡
Babel Guillermo Arriaga
Letters from Iwo Jima Screenplay: Iris Yamashita; Story: Paul Haggis & Yamashita
Pan's Labyrinth Guillermo del Toro
The Queen Peter Morgan
2007
(80th)
[79]		 Juno Diablo Cody‡
Lars and the Real Girl Nancy Oliver
Michael Clayton Tony Gilroy
Ratatouille Screenplay: Brad Bird; Story: Bird, Jim Capobianco & Jan Pinkava
The Savages Tamara Jenkins
2008
(81st)
[80]		 Milk Dustin Lance Black‡
Frozen River Courtney Hunt
Happy-Go-Lucky Mike Leigh
In Bruges Martin McDonagh
WALL-E Screenplay: Jim Reardon & Andrew Stanton; Story: Pete Docter & Stanton
2009
(82nd)
[81]		 The Hurt Locker Mark Boal‡
Inglourious Basterds Quentin Tarantino
The Messenger Alessandro Camon & Oren Moverman
A Serious Man Coen Brothers
Up Screenplay: Pete Docter & Bob Peterson; Story: Docter, Peterson & Tom McCarthy

2010s

Jonze at the 2013 New York Film Festival.
Spike Jonze won for 2013's Her.
Tom McCarthy.
Tom McCarthy won for Spotlight (2015)
Kenneth Lonergan in Vienna, 2016.
Kenneth Lonergan won for Manchester by the Sea (2016).
Peele at the May 2014 Peabody Awards
Jordan Peele became the first African-American to win with Get Out (2017)
Bong Joon Ho in 2017 at the Japan premiere of Okja.
Bong Joon-ho won for Parasite (2019), co-written with Han Jin-won.
Year Film Nominees
2010
(83rd)
[82]		 The King's Speech David Seidler‡
Another Year Mike Leigh
The Fighter Screenplay: Eric Johnson, Scott Silver & Paul Tamasy; Story: Keith Dorrington, Johnson & Tamasy
Inception Christopher Nolan
The Kids Are All Right Stuart Blumberg & Lisa Cholodenko
2011
(84th)
[83]		 Midnight in Paris Woody Allen‡
The Artist Michel Hazanavicius
Bridesmaids Annie Mumolo & Kristen Wiig
Margin Call J. C. Chandor
A Separation Asghar Farhadi
2012
(85th)
[84]		 Django Unchained Quentin Tarantino‡
Amour Michael Haneke
Flight John Gatins
Moonrise Kingdom Wes Anderson & Roman Coppola
Zero Dark Thirty Mark Boal
2013
(86th)
[85]		 Her Spike Jonze‡
American Hustle David O. Russell & Eric Warren Singer
Blue Jasmine Woody Allen
Dallas Buyers Club Craig Borten & Melisa Wallack
Nebraska Bob Nelson
2014
(87th)
[86]		 Birdman Armando Bo, Alexander Dinelaris Jr., Nicolás Giacobone & Alejandro G. Iñárritu‡
Boyhood Richard Linklater
Foxcatcher E. Max Frye & Dan Futterman
The Grand Budapest Hotel Screenplay: Wes Anderson; Story: Anderson & Hugo Guinness
Nightcrawler Dan Gilroy
2015
(88th)
[87]		 Spotlight Josh Singer & Tom McCarthy‡
Bridge of Spies Matt Charman & Coen Brothers
Ex Machina Alex Garland
Inside Out Screenplay: Josh Cooley, Pete Docter & Meg LeFauve; Story: Ronnie del Carmen & Docter
Straight Outta Compton Screenplay: Andrea Berloff & Jonathan Herman; Story: Berloff, S. Leigh Savidge & Alan Wenkus
2016
(89th)
[88]		 Manchester by the Sea Kenneth Lonergan‡
Hell or High Water Taylor Sheridan
La La Land Damien Chazelle
The Lobster Efthimis Filippou & Yorgos Lanthimos
20th Century Women Mike Mills
2017
(90th)
[89]		 Get Out Jordan Peele‡
The Big Sick Emily V. Gordon & Kumail Nanjiani
Lady Bird Greta Gerwig
The Shape of Water Screenplay: Guillermo del Toro & Vanessa Taylor; Story: del Toro
Three Billboards Outside Ebbing, Missouri Martin McDonagh
2018
(91st)
[90]		 Green Book Brian Currie, Peter Farrelly & Nick Vallelonga‡
The Favourite Deborah Davis & Tony McNamara
First Reformed Paul Schrader
Roma Alfonso Cuarón
Vice Adam McKay
2019
(92nd)
[91]		 Parasite Screenplay: Bong Joon-ho & Han Jin-won; Story: Bong‡
Knives Out Rian Johnson
Marriage Story Noah Baumbach
1917 Sam Mendes & Krysty Wilson-Cairns
Once Upon a Time in Hollywood Quentin Tarantino

2020s

Emereld Fennell reading from a book in 2013.
Emerald Fennell won for Promising Young Woman (2020).
Kenneth Branagh won for Belfast (2021).
Year Film Nominees
2020/21
(93rd)
[92][note 3]		 Promising Young Woman Emerald Fennell‡
Judas and the Black Messiah Screenplay: Will Berson & Shaka King; Story: Berson, King, Keith & Kenny Lucas
Minari Lee Isaac Chung
Sound of Metal Screenplay: Abraham & Darius Marder; Story: Derek Cianfrance & D. Marder
The Trial of the Chicago 7 Aaron Sorkin
2021
(94th)
[93]		 Belfast Kenneth Branagh‡
Don't Look Up Screenplay: Adam McKay; Story: McKay & David Sirota
King Richard Zach Baylin
Licorice Pizza Paul Thomas Anderson
The Worst Person in the World Joachim Trier & Eskil Vogt
2022
(95th)		 Everything Everywhere All at Once Daniel Kwan and Daniel Scheinert
The Banshees of Inisherin Martin McDonagh
The Fabelmans Tony Kushner & Steven Spielberg
Tár Todd Field
Triangle of Sadness Ruben Östlund

Multiple wins and nominations

Age superlatives

Record Writer Film Age (in years) Ref.
Oldest winner Woody Allen Midnight in Paris 76 [94]
Oldest nominee Blue Jasmine 78
Youngest winner Ben Affleck Good Will Hunting 25 [95]
Youngest nominee John Singleton Boyz n the Hood 24 [96]

See also

Notes

  1. ↑ Best Original Screenplay was consolidated in 1948 for a singular Best Screenplay award. The winner was The Treasure of the Sierra Madre, adapted from the novel of same name.
  2. ↑ In 1958, Nedrick Young was blacklisted and writing under the pseudonym Nathan E. Douglas. The Academy's Board of Governors voted in 1993 to restore Young's nomination and award.
  3. ↑ The eligibility period for the 93rd ceremony was extended through to February 28, 2021, due to the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic.

References

  1. ↑ Turner, Julia (2003-02-13). "Why Is Gangs of New YorkNominated for the Best Original Screenplay Oscar?". Slate. ISSN 1091-2339. Retrieved 2023-11-05.
  2. ↑ Davis, Clayton (2023-09-13). "'Barbie' Sets Oscar Campaign for Original Screenplay — Will the Academy Agree? (EXCLUSIVE)". Variety. Retrieved 2023-09-14.
  3. ↑ Harris, Aisha (2015-01-06). "Is the Whiplash Screenplay Adapted, or Original? The WGA and the Academy Can't Agree". Slate. ISSN 1091-2339. Retrieved 2023-09-17.
  4. ↑ Janela, Mike (15 January 2014). "Will this year's Oscar nominations break any records?]". Guinness World Records.
  5. ↑ Writing Winners: 1957 Oscars
  6. ↑ "Sling Blade" and "Fargo" winning Writing Oscars®-official YouTube channel
  7. ↑ M*A*S*H and Patton Win Writing Awards: 1970 Oscars
  8. ↑ Sofia Coppola winning Best Original Screenplay-Oscars on YouTube
  9. ↑ "Get Out" wins Best Original Screenplay-Oscars on YouTube
  10. ↑ Oscars: Bong Joon Ho's 'Parasite' Wins South Korea's First Oscar|Hollywood Reporter
  11. ↑ Joyce Eng (2020-02-07). "'Parasite's' Bong Joon Ho and Han Jin Won would be the first Asian writers to win an Oscar – GoldDerby". Goldderby.com. Retrieved 2020-02-16.
  12. ↑ "The 13th Academy Awards (1941) Nominees and Winners". Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences (AMPAS). Retrieved August 27, 2013.
  13. ↑ "The 14th Academy Awards (1942) Nominees and Winners". Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences (AMPAS). Retrieved August 27, 2013.
  14. ↑ "The 15th Academy Awards (1943) Nominees and Winners". Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences (AMPAS). Retrieved August 27, 2013.
  15. ↑ "The 16th Academy Awards (1944) Nominees and Winners". Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences (AMPAS). Retrieved August 27, 2013.
  16. ↑ "The 17th Academy Awards (1945) Nominees and Winners". Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences (AMPAS). Retrieved August 27, 2013.
  17. ↑ "The 18th Academy Awards (1946) Nominees and Winners". Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences (AMPAS). Retrieved August 27, 2013.
  18. ↑ "The 19th Academy Awards (1947) Nominees and Winners". Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences (AMPAS). Retrieved August 27, 2013.
  19. ↑ "The 20th Academy Awards (1948) Nominees and Winners". Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences (AMPAS). Retrieved August 27, 2013.
  20. ↑ "The 21st Academy Awards (1949) Nominees and Winners". Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences (AMPAS). Retrieved August 27, 2013.
  21. ↑ "The 22nd Academy Awards (1950) Nominees and Winners". Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences (AMPAS). Retrieved August 27, 2013.
  22. ↑ "The 23rd Academy Awards (1951) Nominees and Winners". Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences (AMPAS). Retrieved August 27, 2013.
  23. ↑ "The 24th Academy Awards (1952) Nominees and Winners". Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences (AMPAS). Retrieved August 27, 2013.
  24. ↑ "The 25th Academy Awards (1953) Nominees and Winners". Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences (AMPAS). Retrieved August 27, 2013.
  25. ↑ "The 26th Academy Awards (1954) Nominees and Winners". Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences (AMPAS). Retrieved August 27, 2013.
  26. ↑ "The 27th Academy Awards (1955) Nominees and Winners". Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences (AMPAS). Retrieved August 27, 2013.
  27. ↑ "The 28th Academy Awards (1956) Nominees and Winners". Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences (AMPAS). Retrieved August 27, 2013.
  28. ↑ "The 29th Academy Awards (1957) Nominees and Winners". Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences (AMPAS). Retrieved August 27, 2013.
  29. ↑ "The 30th Academy Awards (1958) Nominees and Winners". Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences (AMPAS). Retrieved August 27, 2013.
  30. ↑ "The 31st Academy Awards (1959) Nominees and Winners". Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences (AMPAS). Retrieved August 27, 2013.
  31. ↑ "The 32nd Academy Awards (1960) Nominees and Winners". Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences (AMPAS). Retrieved August 27, 2013.
  32. ↑ "The 33rd Academy Awards (1961) Nominees and Winners". Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences (AMPAS). Retrieved August 27, 2013.
  33. ↑ "The 34th Academy Awards (1962) Nominees and Winners". Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences (AMPAS). Retrieved August 27, 2013.
  34. ↑ "The 35th Academy Awards (1963) Nominees and Winners". Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences (AMPAS). Retrieved August 27, 2013.
  35. ↑ "The 36th Academy Awards (1964) Nominees and Winners". Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences (AMPAS). Retrieved August 27, 2013.
  36. ↑ "The 37th Academy Awards (1965) Nominees and Winners". Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences (AMPAS). Retrieved August 27, 2013.
  37. ↑ "The 38th Academy Awards (1966) Nominees and Winners". Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences (AMPAS). Retrieved August 27, 2013.
  38. ↑ "The 39th Academy Awards (1967) Nominees and Winners". Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences (AMPAS). Retrieved August 27, 2013.
  39. ↑ "The 40th Academy Awards (1968) Nominees and Winners". Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences (AMPAS). Retrieved August 27, 2013.
  40. ↑ "The 41st Academy Awards (1969) Nominees and Winners". Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences (AMPAS). Retrieved August 27, 2013.
  41. ↑ "The 42nd Academy Awards (1970) Nominees and Winners". Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences (AMPAS). Retrieved August 27, 2013.
  42. ↑ "The 43rd Academy Awards (1971) Nominees and Winners". Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences (AMPAS). Retrieved August 27, 2013.
  43. ↑ "The 44th Academy Awards (1972) Nominees and Winners". Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences (AMPAS). Retrieved August 27, 2013.
  44. ↑ "The 45th Academy Awards (1973) Nominees and Winners". Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences (AMPAS). Retrieved August 27, 2013.
  45. ↑ "The 46th Academy Awards (1974) Nominees and Winners". Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences (AMPAS). Retrieved August 27, 2013.
  46. ↑ "The 47th Academy Awards (1975) Nominees and Winners". Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences (AMPAS). Retrieved August 27, 2013.
  47. ↑ "The 48th Academy Awards (1976) Nominees and Winners". Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences (AMPAS). Retrieved August 27, 2013.
  48. ↑ "The 49th Academy Awards (1977) Nominees and Winners". Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences (AMPAS). Retrieved August 27, 2013.
  49. ↑ "The 50th Academy Awards (1978) Nominees and Winners". Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences (AMPAS). Retrieved August 27, 2013.
  50. ↑ "The 51st Academy Awards (1979) Nominees and Winners". Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences (AMPAS). Retrieved August 27, 2013.
  51. ↑ "The 52nd Academy Awards (1980) Nominees and Winners". Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences (AMPAS). Retrieved August 27, 2013.
  52. ↑ "The 53rd Academy Awards (1981) Nominees and Winners". Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences (AMPAS). Retrieved August 27, 2013.
  53. ↑ "The 54th Academy Awards (1982) Nominees and Winners". Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences (AMPAS). Retrieved August 27, 2013.
  54. ↑ "The 55th Academy Awards (1983) Nominees and Winners". Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences (AMPAS). Archived from the original on September 5, 2012. Retrieved August 27, 2013.
  55. ↑ "The 56th Academy Awards (1984) Nominees and Winners". Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences (AMPAS). Retrieved August 27, 2013.
  56. ↑ "The 57th Academy Awards (1985) Nominees and Winners". Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences (AMPAS). Retrieved August 27, 2013.
  57. ↑ "The 58th Academy Awards (1986) Nominees and Winners". Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences (AMPAS). Retrieved August 27, 2013.
  58. ↑ "The 59th Academy Awards (1987) Nominees and Winners". Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences (AMPAS). Retrieved August 27, 2013.
  59. ↑ "The 60th Academy Awards (1988) Nominees and Winners". Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences (AMPAS). Retrieved August 27, 2013.
  60. ↑ "The 61st Academy Awards (1989) Nominees and Winners". Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences (AMPAS). Retrieved August 27, 2013.
  61. ↑ "The 62nd Academy Awards (1990) Nominees and Winners". Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences (AMPAS). Retrieved August 27, 2013.
  62. ↑ "The 63rd Academy Awards (1991) Nominees and Winners". Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences (AMPAS). Retrieved August 27, 2013.
  63. ↑ "The 64th Academy Awards (1992) Nominees and Winners". Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences (AMPAS). Retrieved August 27, 2013.
  64. ↑ "The 65th Academy Awards (1993) Nominees and Winners". Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences (AMPAS). Retrieved August 27, 2013.
  65. ↑ "The 66th Academy Awards (1994) Nominees and Winners". Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences (AMPAS). Retrieved August 27, 2013.
  66. ↑ "The 67th Academy Awards (1995) Nominees and Winners". Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences (AMPAS). Retrieved August 27, 2013.
  67. ↑ "The 68th Academy Awards (1996) Nominees and Winners". Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences (AMPAS). Retrieved August 27, 2013.
  68. ↑ "The 69th Academy Awards (1997) Nominees and Winners". Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences (AMPAS). Retrieved August 27, 2013.
  69. ↑ "The 70th Academy Awards (1998) Nominees and Winners". Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences (AMPAS). Retrieved August 27, 2013.
  70. ↑ "The 71st Academy Awards (1999) Nominees and Winners". Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences (AMPAS). Retrieved August 27, 2013.
  71. ↑ "The 72nd Academy Awards (2000) Nominees and Winners". Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences (AMPAS). Retrieved August 27, 2013.
  72. ↑ "The 73rd Academy Awards (2001) Nominees and Winners". Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences (AMPAS). Retrieved August 27, 2013.
  73. ↑ "The 74th Academy Awards (2002) Nominees and Winners". Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences (AMPAS). Retrieved August 27, 2013.
  74. ↑ "The 75th Academy Awards (2003) Nominees and Winners". Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences (AMPAS). Retrieved August 27, 2013.
  75. ↑ "The 76th Academy Awards (2004) Nominees and Winners". Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences (AMPAS). Retrieved August 27, 2013.
  76. ↑ "The 77th Academy Awards (2005) Nominees and Winners". Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences (AMPAS). Retrieved August 27, 2013.
  77. ↑ "The 78th Academy Awards (2006) Nominees and Winners". Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences (AMPAS). Retrieved August 27, 2013.
  78. ↑ "The 79th Academy Awards (2007) Nominees and Winners". Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences (AMPAS). Retrieved August 27, 2013.
  79. ↑ "The 80th Academy Awards (2008) Nominees and Winners". Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences (AMPAS). Retrieved August 27, 2013.
  80. ↑ "The 81st Academy Awards (2009) Nominees and Winners". Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences (AMPAS). Retrieved August 27, 2013.
  81. ↑ "The 82nd Academy Awards (2010) Nominees and Winners". Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences (AMPAS). Retrieved August 27, 2013.
  82. ↑ "The 83rd Academy Awards (2011) Nominees and Winners". Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences (AMPAS). Retrieved August 27, 2013.
  83. ↑ "The 84th Academy Awards (2012) Nominees and Winners". Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences (AMPAS). Retrieved August 27, 2013.
  84. ↑ "The 85th Academy Awards (2013) Nominees and Winners". Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences (AMPAS). Retrieved August 27, 2013.
  85. ↑ "The 86th Academy Awards (2014) Nominees and Winners". Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences (AMPAS). Retrieved April 10, 2014.
  86. ↑ "The 87th Academy Awards (2015) Nominees and Winners". Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences (AMPAS). Retrieved January 15, 2015.
  87. ↑ "The 88th Academy Awards (2015)". Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences (AMPAS). Retrieved January 14, 2016.
  88. ↑ "The 89th Academy Awards (2016)". Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences (AMPAS). Retrieved January 24, 2017.
  89. ↑ "The 90th Academy Awards (2017)". Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences (AMPAS). Retrieved January 23, 2018.
  90. ↑ "The 90th Academy Awards (2018)". Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences (AMPAS). Retrieved February 25, 2019.
  91. ↑ "The 92nd Academy Awards | 2020".
  92. ↑ "Complete list of nominees for the 93rd Academy Awards". ABC News. March 15, 2021. Retrieved March 15, 2021.
  93. ↑ "Complete list of nominees for the 93rd Academy Awards". ABC News. March 15, 2021. Retrieved March 15, 2021.
  94. ↑ "Oscar Nominations by the Numbers: Fun Facts and Shocking Stats". The Hollywood Reporter. 16 January 2014. Retrieved April 3, 2020.
  95. ↑ "'Good Will Hunting' Oscar flashback: Ben Affleck, Matt Damon wrote their own screenplay 20 years ago to boost careers". Goldderby. 30 December 2017. Retrieved April 3, 2020.
  96. ↑ "How John Singleton Made History at the Oscars". IndieWire. 29 April 2019. Retrieved April 3, 2020.
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