85th Canadian Infantry Battalion, CEF (Nova Scotia Highlanders)
85th Battalion emblem, worn as a head dress cap badge
Active1915–1919
CountryCanada Canada
BranchCanadian Expeditionary Force
TypeInfantry
Part of12th Infantry Brigade, 4th Canadian Division
Motto(s)Siol na fear fearail (Breed of manly men)
AnniversariesApril 9, 1917
EngagementsVimy Ridge, Passchendaele, Amiens, Hundred Days Offensive

The 85th Battalion (Nova Scotia Highlanders), CEF, was an infantry battalion of the Canadian Expeditionary Force during the Great War. The 85th Battalion was authorized on 14 September 1915 and embarked for Great Britain on 12 October 1916. Disembarking in France in February 1917, it fought as part of the 12th Infantry Brigade, 4th Canadian Division in France and Flanders until the end of the war. The battalion is most famous for capturing Hill 145 in their first battle. Today, the Vimy Memorial stands on Hill 145.

History

The 85th Battalion was raised in Halifax on 14 September 1915 and it recruited throughout Nova Scotia.[1][2] The battalion embarked for Great Britain on 12 October 1916, and landed in France on 10 February 1917.

Before the attack on Vimy Ridge the battalion had been used as a labour battalion and had not seen combat. They were the last remaining reserve battalion in the 12th Brigade when all of the ridge had been taken except for the highpoint Hill 145. Since this hill overlooked all of the newly taken Canadian positions it could not remain in German hands. At 6PM the 85th launched an attack unsupported by artillery due to the closeness of the hill to the Canadians. Ten minutes later the battalion had taken the hill in a ferocious bayonet charge at the cost of 56 dead and almost 300 wounded, many of whom later died.[3]

In May 1919 the city of Edinburgh hosted the battalion with a parade and special dinner. It was intended that the 85th would then tour Scotland but the high command informed them that their boat was ready to take them home. On May 31, 1919, the battalion departed from Liverpool, England, aboard SS Adriatic on its journey home to Canada. A total of 49 officers and 1,800 "other ranks" (including attached NB & PEI soldiers from other units) were on board. They arrived in Halifax on June 7, 1919.[4]

The battalion disbanded on 15 September 1920.[5]

Perpetuation

The perpetuation of the 85th battalion was assigned in 1920 to 1st Battalion (85th Battalion, CEF), the Cape Breton Highlanders, with the king's and regimental colours of the battalion laid up in Government House in Halifax.[6][7] The King's and Regimental Colours are on permanent display in the foyer of Government House, Nova Scotia.[8]

King's Colour of the 85th Battalion CEF

Commanding officers

The 85th Battalion had six Officers Commanding:

  • LCol A.H. Borden, 12 October 1916 – 6 July 1917
  • Maj J.L. Ralston, DSO, 31 July 1917 – 11 September 1917
  • LCol A.H. Borden, 11 September 1917 – 26 April 1918
  • LCol J.L. Ralston, CMG, DSO, 26 April 1918 – 23 October 1918
  • Maj J.M. Miller, DSO, MC, 23 October 1918 – 19 November 1918
  • LCol J.L. Ralston, CMG, DSO, 19 November 1918-Demobilization

85th Overseas Battalion, N.S. Highlanders, Lt. Col. E.G. Phinney, OC (HS85-10-32035)

Battle honours

The 85th Battalion was awarded the following battle honours:

War poetry

In 1924, a poetic tribute to the 85th Battalion was composed in Canadian Gaelic by Alasdair MacÌosaig of St. Andrew's Channel, Cape Breton, Nova Scotia. The poem praised the courage of the fallen and told them that they had fought better against the Germans than the English did, while also lamenting the absence of the Battalion's fallen soldiers from their families and villages. The poem was first published in the Antigonish-based newspaper The Casket on February 14, 1924.[9]

Notable people

See also

Bibliography

Notes

  1. ↑ Meek, John F. Over the Top! The Canadian Infantry in the First World War. Orangeville, Ont.: The Author, 1971. ISBN 0-906158-10-9
  2. ↑ Hayes, Lt. Col. Joseph. The 85th in France & Flanders, p. 22.
  3. ↑ Cook, Tim (7 March 2017). Vimy. Allen Lane. ISBN 0-7352-3316-0.
  4. ↑ Hayes 2016, p. 240
  5. 1 2 Canadian Forces Publication A-DH-267-003 Insignia and Lineages of the Canadian Forces. Volume 3: Combat Arms Regiments.
  6. ↑ "The Cape Breton Highlanders". Official Lineages. Vol. 3, Part 2: Infantry Regiments. Government of Canada. Archived from the original on 2017-12-05. Retrieved 2017-12-04.
  7. ↑ Soucie Madill, Christine (17 October 2016). "Colours of Nova Scotia's First World War fighting units repatriated". Localxpress.ca. Archived from the original on 10 August 2017. Retrieved 18 October 2016.
  8. ↑ McCreery, Christopher (2020). Government House Halifax: A Place of History and Gathering. Fredericton: Goose Lane Editions. ISBN 978-1-77310-201-6.
  9. ↑ Michael Newton (2015), Seanchaidh na Coille (Memory-Keeper of the Forest): Anthology of Scottish Gaelic Literature of Canada, Cape Breton University Press. Pages 118-120, 536.

References

  • Hayes, Joseph (2016). The Eighty-Fifth in France and Flanders. WENTWORTH Press. ISBN 978-1-361-99884-7. - Total pages: 414
  • Brian Douglas Tennyson, Nova Scotia at War 1914-1919. Halifax: Nimbus, 2017.

Works cited

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