World War II

B-29B Superfortress Pacusan Dreamboat^{[lower-alpha 4]}

The 315th Bombardment Wing was activated in July 1944 at Peterson Field, Colorado as a command organization for four very heavy Boeing B-29 Superfortress bombardment groups. The wing trained in Colorado while subordinate groups were trained in Kansas by the Second Air Force.^[1]

When training was completed, the wing headquarters moved to Guam in the Mariana Islands of the Central Pacific Area in late March 1945. The 315th was the fifth and last B-29 wing assigned to XXI Bomber Command. Most of the Wing's groups and squadrons flew the B-29B aircraft. The limited-production B-29B was designed to save weight by removing all of the guns and sighting equipment used on other B-29s, except the tail gun. The weight savings allowed the B-29B to fly a little higher and a little further. The B-29B aircraft also had two new radar units installed. One was the AN/APQ-7 Eagle radar for bombing and navigation and the other was the AN/APG-15 used for aiming the tail gun. These two radar units gave the B-29B a distinctive shape as the APQ-7 antenna appeared as a small wing under the fuselage, between the two bomb bay doors and the APG-15 added a ball shaped antenna to the tail of the aircraft below the tail guns.^[3]

In the Marianas, the Wing commanded the 16th, 331st, 501st and 502nd Bombardment Groups. The 16th and the 501st were the first to arrive in mid April; the 331st and 502d arrived in mid-May 1945.^[4]

Its groups flew "shakedown" missions against Japanese targets on Moen Island, Truk, and other points in the Carolines and Marianas. The 16th and 501st began combat missions over Japan on 26 June with attacks on the Utsube Oil Refinery in Yokkaichi. The 315th and 502d did not engage in combat until 1 August with attacks on the Mitsubishi Havana Oil Refinery in Kawasaki. For all four groups, oil industry targets in Japan were its primary targets.^[4]

The wing flew its last combat missions on 14 August when hostilities ended. Afterwards, the wing's B 29s carried relief supplies to Allied prisoner of war camps in Japan and Manchuria. Due to their late arrival in the theater, the groups did not return to the United States until April/May 1946.^[4]

The Wing then moved to Ashiya Army Air Base, Japan at the end of May 1946 to become part of the Fifth Air Force occupation forces. It was redesignated as the 315th Composite Wing in January 1946 and controlled a mixture of fighter and bomber units performing occupation duty and provided air defense over Japan during the occupation era. The division was relieved of occupation duty and inactivated in March 1950^[1]

Korean War

314th Troop Carrier Group C-119B Flying Boxcar operating from a base in South Korea, 1953.

With the outbreak of the Korean War, the division was again activated in January 1951 and reassigned to Far East Air Forces. It was re-designated as the 315th Air Division (Combat Cargo) and took over the resources of the Far East Air Forces Combat Cargo Command (Provisional), which was set up in June 1950 in the immediate aftermath of the North Korean invasion of the south.^[1]

It assumed command and control of the following units:^[1]

• 437th Troop Carrier Wing (C-46 Commando)
• 374th Troop Carrier Wing (C-46 Commando, C-47 Skytrain, C-54 Skymaster)
• 61st Troop Carrier Group (C-54 Skymaster)
• 314th Troop Carrier Group (C-119 Flying Boxcar)

During the Korean War, its components evacuated wounded from Korea, airdropped supplies and personnel, hauled emergency supplies, materiel, replacement troops, mail, rations and ammunition, participated in joint training exercises in Japan, took part in numerous combat missions, and operated regular transport schedules within the Far East area.^[1]

Cold War

374th Troop Carrier Wing C-124A Globemaster II

Before combat operations ceased in Korea, the division began supporting French forces engaged in a war in Indochina. From May 1953 – July 1954, it provided Fairchild C-119 Flying Boxcars to the French, trained French air crews and maintenance personnel, performed additional airlift missions in support of the French,^[1] and finally evacuated 509 wounded French troops from Indochina during Operation Wounded Warrior in June-July 1954.^[5] "The 14,000-mile airlift carrying the French soldiers followed an eastern route due to political considerations."^[6]

In July 1954, the 315th resumed normal airlift operations in the Western Pacific Area and participated in training exercises in Japan. It continued peacetime readiness operations throughout the 1950s and early 1960s from its base at Ashiya. In 1962, it established airlift support for the expanding conflict in Southeast Asia. Meantime, the division continued its routine airlift in the Far East, flew humanitarian missions, and participated in training exercises when possible.^[1]

The crisis prompted by the North Korean seizure of the USS Pueblo in January 1968, found the 315th supporting an emergency airlift to the Republic of Korea.^[1]

The 315th AD was inactivated in April 1969 due to budget reductions. Its operational units (the 314th, 374th and 463d Tactical Airlift Wings) were reassigned.^[1]

Assignments

• Second Air Force, 17 July 1944 (attached to XXII Bomber Command), c. 14 August-c. 7 December 1944
• Twentieth Air Force, c. 25 March 1945
• XXI Bomber Command, 5 April 1945
• Twentieth Air Force, 16 July 1945
• Fifth Air Force, 30 May 1946
• V Fighter Command, 30 May 1946
• Fifth Air Force, 1 June 1946 – 1 March 1950
• Far East Air Forces (later Pacific Air Forces), 25 January 1951 – 15 April 1969^[1]

Components

Stations

Notes

Explanatory notes

Citations

Bibliography

 This article incorporates public domain material from the Air Force Historical Research Agency

• Birdsall, Stephen (1980). Superfortress, the Boeing B-29. Aircraft Specials. Greer, Don; Stern, Rob (illustrators). Carrollton, TX: Squadron/Signal Publications. ISBN 0897471040.
• Marshall, Chester (1996). B-29 Superfortress. Warbird History. Minneapolis, MN: Motorbooks International. ISBN 0879387858.
• Maurer, Maurer, ed. (1983) [1961]. Air Force Combat Units of World War II (PDF) (reprint ed.). Washington, DC: Office of Air Force History. ISBN 0-912799-02-1. LCCN 61060979.
• Nalty, Bernard C. (1986). Air Power and the Fight for Khe Sanh (PDF). Washington, DC: Office of Air Force History. ISBN 978-1410222589. Archived from the original (PDF) on 8 July 2015. Retrieved 7 July 2015.
• Ravenstein, Charles A. (1984). Air Force Combat Wings, Lineage & Honors Histories 1947–1977. Washington, DC: Office of Air Force History. ISBN 0-912799-12-9.
• Rogers, Brian. (2005). United States Air Force Unit Designations Since 1978. Hinkley, UK: Midland Publications. ISBN 1-85780-197-0.
• Swann, Maj Ralph A. (March 1986). "A Unit History of the 315th Bomb Wing: 1944-1946" (PDF). Maxwell AFB, AL: Air Command and Staff School. Archived (PDF) from the original on 28 April 2019. Retrieved 7 January 2020.