2022 French legislative election
France
12 June 2022 (first round)
19 June 2022 (second round)
All 577 seats in the National Assembly
289 seats needed for a majority
Turnout47.51% (Decrease 1.19pp) (first round)
46.23% (Increase 3.59pp) (second round)
PartyLeader % Seats +/–
Ensemble Élisabeth Borne 25.75 245 −105
NUPÉS Jean-Luc Mélenchon 25.66 131 +79
RN Marine Le Pen 18.68 89 +81
UDC Christian Jacob 11.29 64 −66
DVG — 3.14 21 +9
DVD — 2.33 10 +4
Regionalists — 1.28 10 +5
DVC — 1.25 4 +4
Sovereignist right Nicolas Dupont-Aignan 1.10 1 −2
DIV — 0.85 1 −2
PRG Guillaume Lacroix 0.56 1 −2
This lists parties that won seats. See the complete results below.
Prime Minister before Prime Minister after
Élisabeth Borne
LREM		 Élisabeth Borne
LREM

Legislative elections were held in France on 12 and 19 June 2022 to elect the 577 members of the 16th National Assembly of the Fifth Republic. The elections took place following the 2022 French presidential election, which was held in April 2022.[1] They have been described as the most indecisive legislative elections since the establishment of the five-year presidential term in 2000 and subsequent change of the electoral calendar in 2002.[2] The governing Ensemble coalition remained the largest bloc in the National Assembly but substantially lost its ruling majority, resulting in the formation of France's first minority government since 1993.

For the first time since 1997, the incumbent president of France does not have an absolute majority in Parliament. As no alliance won a majority, it resulted in a hung parliament for the first time since 1988.[3]

The legislative elections were contested between four principal blocs: the centrist presidential majority Ensemble coalition, including Emmanuel Macron's Renaissance, the Democratic Movement, Horizons, as well as their allies; the left-wing New Ecological and Social People's Union (NUPES), encompassing La France Insoumise, the Socialist Party, Ecologist Pole and the French Communist Party; the centre-right Union of the Right and Centre (UDC), including The Republicans, the Union of Democrats and Independents, as well as their allies; and the far-right National Rally (RN). The NUPES alliance was formed in the two months following the presidential election, in which the left-wing vote had been fragmented; it consisted of the first French Left alliance since the Plural Left in 1997.[4]

In the first round, there was some controversy among the Ministry of the Interior and news media about which bloc finished first, as both the NUPES and Ensemble obtained about 26% of the vote.[5] They were followed by the RN on about 19% and UDC with about 11%.[6] Turnout for the first round was a record-low 47.5%.[7] In the second round, when turnout was higher than that of 2017, Macron's Ensemble coalition secured the most seats (245) but fell 44 seats short of an absolute majority.[8][9][lower-alpha 1] The NUPES was projected to win 131 (Ministry of the Interior) or 142 seats (Le Monde), while RN became the largest parliamentary opposition as a party (89). The UDC received enough seats (64 or 71) to be a kingmaker in the next government but suffered losses.[8]

The results were perceived by political commentators as a dramatic blow for Macron,[9][11] who, all at once, lost his majority in Parliament, three government ministers (Amélie de Montchalin for Ecological Transition, Brigitte Bourguignon for Health and Justine Bénin for the Sea) and three close parliamentary allies (incumbent president of the National Assembly Richard Ferrand, Macron's own former Interior minister and head of the LREM parliamentary group Christophe Castaner and MoDem parliamentary group leader Patrick Mignola), all defeated in their constituencies. The 2022 UEFA Champions League final chaos at the Stade de France on 28 May,[12] rape accusations against newly-appointed minister Damien Abad or the unusually long period between Macron's reelection as President and the formation of the new Borne government (26 days) have been cited as major factors in Macron's majority wipeout.[13]

Macron's government, which enjoyed a 115-seat majority before the election, now fell at least 38 short of an overall majority, the largest margin for any French Cabinet since 1958. This near-unprecedented situation created potential for political instability and gridlock.[3] Prime Minister Élisabeth Borne offered her resignation on 21 June 2022, but Macron refused to accept it. Talks among the various parties to form a stable majority government began later on 21 June but rapidly failed. On 6 July, Prime Minister Borne presented her minority government policy plan to the Parliament.

Background

Following the 2017 French legislative election, the incumbent president Emmanuel Macron's party, La République En Marche! (LREM), and its allies held a majority in the National Assembly (577 seats). The LREM group had 308 deputies, the Democratic Movement and affiliated democrats group had 42 deputies, and Agir ensemble, which was created in November 2017, had 9 deputies.[14] Although a proposal to have part of the French Parliament elected with a proportional representation system was included in Macron's platform in 2017, this election promise was not fulfilled.[15] A similar promise was made by François Hollande during the 2012 presidential election.[16]

Macron, from the centrist LREM, had defeated Marine Le Pen, leader of the far-right National Rally, 66–34% in the 2017 French presidential election.[1][17] The 2022 French presidential election was held on 10 and 24 April. As no candidate won a majority in the first round, a runoff was held, in which Macron defeated Le Pen 58–41% and was reelected as President of France.[18] In the first round, Macron took the lead with 27.9% of votes, while Valérie Pécresse, the candidate for the Republicans, took under 5% of the vote in the first round, the worst result in the history of the party or its Gaullist predecessors. Anne Hidalgo, the mayor of Paris, received 1.75% of the vote, the worst in the history of the Socialist Party (PS).[19] With more than 30% of the vote,[3] it was the best result for French far-right figures since the founding of the Fifth French Republic with the 1958 French presidential election.[20] Jean-Luc Mélenchon of La France Insoumise (LFI) came third in the first round with 21.95% of the vote and 1.2% behind second-placed Le Pen, also coming first in the 18–24 and 25–34 age groups, as well in Île-de-France, the most populous region of France.[21][22]

In the context of the legislative election common participation, as the largest French Left force in the presidential election,[23][24][25] LFI sought to unite the main left-leaning parties around the banner of the New Ecological and Social People's Union,[4][26][27] or NUPES.[28][29] Discussions were held with Europe Ecology – The Greens,[30][31] including the Ecologist Pole,[32][33] as well as the French Communist Party,[34] which joined the coalition on 2–3 May 2022, respectively;[35] the PS reached an agreement to join the coalition on 4 May, which was confirmed by a National Council party vote on 5 May.[36][37] This resulted in the first wide left-wing alliance since the Plural Left in the 1997 French legislative election.[4]

Discussion with the Federation of the Republican Left (FGR), which wanted to join NUPES,[38][39] went unanswered;[40] the FGR then formed alliances with the Radical Party of the Left, which internally rejected integration into NUPES, and the dissident minority in the PS, among the miscellaneous left. Their candidates presented themselves as part of the "secular and republican" left between Macron and Mélenchon.[41] The New Anticapitalist Party announced it would not enter the coalition due to what they called insurmountable ideological differences with the PS,[42][43][44] while Lutte Ouvrière announced that the party would run its own slate separate from NUPES, which they believe to be reformist.[45]

On 5 May 2022, LREM changed its name to Renaissance, introducing its big tent coalition for the legislative election made up of the presidential majority parties called Ensemble Citoyens (Ensemble).[46][47] On 16 May, Macron appointed Élisabeth Borne as Prime Minister, replacing Jean Castex. Borne, a member of Renaissance and formerly of the PS, was serving as Macron's Minister of Labour, Employment and Economic Inclusion prior to her appointment as prime minister. She is only the second woman to hold the office.[48]

Electoral system

The 577 members of the National Assembly, known as deputies, are elected for five years by a two-round system in single-member constituencies. A candidate who receives an absolute majority of valid votes and a vote total greater than 25% of the registered electorate is elected in the first round. If no candidate reaches this threshold, a runoff election is held between the top two candidates plus any other candidate who received a vote total greater than 12.5% of registered voters. The candidate who receives the most votes in the second round is elected.[49]

Dates

According to the provisions of the Electoral Code, the election must be held within the sixty days which precede the expiry of the powers of the outgoing National Assembly, attached to the third Tuesday of June, five years after its election, except in the event of dissolution of the National Assembly.[50] The end of the mandate of the Assembly elected in 2017 is set for 21 June 2022. The dates for the legislative elections in mainland France were set for 12 and 19 June.[51] Declarations of candidacy must be submitted no later than 20 May for the first round and 14 June for the second round.[52] French nationals who live abroad were able to vote in the days preceding the ballot.[53]

Major parties and alliances contesting

Below are the major parties and alliances contesting the elections, listed by their combined results in the previous elections. According to Le Journal du dimanche, the elections are mainly contested between three blocs: a left-wing bloc (NUPES), a presidential bloc on the center-right (Ensemble), and a far-right bloc.[2]

Party or alliance Main ideology Position Leader
Ensemble La République En Marche! and allies Liberalism Center Stanislas Guerini
Democratic Movement Liberalism Center to center-right François Bayrou
Horizons Liberal conservatism Center-right Édouard Philippe
UDC The Republicans and allies Liberal conservatism Center-right to right-wing Christian Jacob
Union of Democrats and Independents Liberalism Center to center-right Jean-Christophe Lagarde
NUPES La France Insoumise and allies Democratic socialism Left-wing to far-left Adrien Quatennens
Europe Ecology – The Greens and allies Green politics Center-left to left-wing Julien Bayou
Socialist Party and allies Social democracy Center-left Olivier Faure
French Communist Party Communism Left-wing to far-left Fabien Roussel
National Rally and allies Right-wing nationalism Far-right Jordan Bardella
Radical Party of the Left and allies Social liberalism Center-left Guillaume Lacroix
UPF Debout la France and allies National conservatism Right-wing to far-right Nicolas Dupont-Aignan
Les Patriotes Right-wing nationalism Right-wing to far-right Florian Philippot
Reconquête and allies Right-wing nationalism Far-right Éric Zemmour

Deputies not standing for reelection

Opinion polls

Local regression of polls conducted

Results

First round

After the first round, the New Ecological and Social People's Union (NUPES) and Ensemble Citoyens (Ensemble) obtained about 26%. Amid significant losses on the right-wing of the political spectrum for the Republicans (LR) and the Union of the Right and Centre (UDC),[3] results for Emmanuel Macron's Ensemble alliance showed it was now the centre-right, having performed strongly among the traditionally centre-right electorate of UDC.[6] The French far-right achieved mixed results; while the National Rally (RN) achieved 18% and was likely to obtain the necessary seats to form a parliamentary group, Éric Zemmour's Reconquête reached 4%, and both he and the party failed to win a seat, and former RN leader Marine Le Pen had to go through the second round for her seat due to low turnout.[6]

In contests between NUPES and RN candidates, officials from Ensemble said they would decide on a "case-by-case basis" on whether or not to support a candidate.[6] Élisabeth Borne, Prime Minister of France, said: "Our position is no vote for RN." At the same time, she expressed support only for NUPES candidates who in her view respect republican values.[54][55] The first round confirmed that La France Insoumise (LFI) within NUPES and among the French Left, while the centre-left dissidents achieved a much lower numbers of votes like the 2022 French presidential election; of the over 70 dissident candidates, only 15 qualified for the second round.[56]

The first round was marked by a record low turnout at 47.5%.[7] Additionally, there was some controversy in the results between the Ministry of the Interior and French news outlets, such as France Info and Le Monde, in particular on whether NUPES or Ensemble finished first;[57] This was due to disagreements on whether left-wing candidates should be considered within the NUPES framework or not;[5] similar discrepancies also existed for UDC and other alliances.[58] NUPES finished either second (per the Ministry of the Interior) or first (per Le Monde), slightly behind or ahead of Ensemble (25.75–25.66% per the Ministry of the Interior and 26.1–25.9% per Le Monde).[59][60][61]

Second round

Constituency results after the second round by parties

The second round had a higher turnout than that in the 2017 French legislative election but did not match that of the first round a week earlier. The Ensemble alliance slightly underperforming polls and lost their absolute majority in Parliament,[62] while still winning the most seats.[8] NUPES slightly underperformed from polling but still managed to substantially increase their proportion of seats and was to reported to have won 131 seats per the Ministry of the Interior. RN substantially overperformed polls to win an unprecedented 89 seats and become the largest parliamentary opposition group due to each component party of NUPES intending to form their own parliamentary group,[63][64] eclipsing the UDC coalition, which received enough seats to be a kingmaker in the next government but lost seats as expected, and was projected to win 75 seats.[8] It was the best performance for the far right in the era of the French Fifth Republic,[65] and the best overall since the late 19th century.[20] Several news outlets, such as Agence France-Presse, gave a different result as to the final seat count, with Ensemble on 247, NUPES on 142, and UDC on 64, respectively, per Le Monde. This was due to differences as to candidates, particularly in the French overseas constituencies, being classified as members of these alliances or not.[10]

The elections resulted in a hung parliament, as Ensemble had only a relative majority (a plurality).[9] It was the first hung parliament since the establishment of the five-year presidential term after the 2000 French constitutional referendum,[11] as well as the first relative majority only since the 1988 French legislative election.[3] The overall results were seen as a disavowal and major blow for Macron, with a risk of political instability and gridlock.[11] Finance Minister Bruno Le Maire called the outcome a "democratic shock", and said that if the other blocs did not cooperate, "this would block our capacity to reform and protect the French".[9] Prime Minister Borne commented: "The result is a risk for our country in view of the challenges we have to face."[9] LR, the leading party of UDC, was thought to be the kingmaker and potentially play a role for Macron to keep his presidential majority;[6] however, Christian Jacob, the president of LR and the leader of UDC, stated that his party would remain in opposition, meaning Macron's party would not remain in control of the legislature.[66][67] Mélenchon called the results "disappointing" and said that NUPES and the French Left should form a united, single parliamentary group to avoid RN from becoming the largest opposition group in Parliament,[68][69] which was refused by leaders of Europe Ecology – The Greens (EELV), French Communist Party (PCF), and Socialist Party (PS).[70]

National results

PartyFirst roundSecond roundTotal
seats		+/–
Votes%SeatsVotes%Seats
Ensemble5,857,36425.7518,002,41938.57244245–105
New Ecological and Social People's Union5,836,07925.6646,556,19831.60127131+79
National Rally4,248,53718.6803,589,46517.308989+81
Union of the Right and Centre2,568,50211.2901,512,2817.296464–66
Reconquête964,7754.2400New
Miscellaneous left[lower-alpha 2]713,5743.140408,7061.972121+9
Ecologists608,3142.6700–1
Miscellaneous right530,7822.330231,0711.111010+4
Regionalists291,3841.280264,7791.281010+5
Miscellaneous centre283,6121.25099,1450.4844+4
Miscellaneous far-left[lower-alpha 3]266,4121.17011,2290.05000
Sovereignist right[lower-alpha 4]249,6031.10019,3060.09110
Miscellaneous192,6240.85018,2950.0911–2
Radical Party of the Left126,6890.56034,5760.1711–2
Miscellaneous far-right6,4570.0300–1
Total22,744,708100.00520,747,470100.005725770
Valid votes22,744,70897.8020,747,47092.36
Invalid votes149,3060.64480,9622.14
Blank votes362,1931.561,235,8445.50
Total votes23,256,207100.0022,464,276100.00
Registered voters/turnout48,953,74847.5148,589,36046.23
Source: Ministry of the Interior
Popular vote (first round)
Ensemble
 
 25.75%
NUPES
 
 25.66%
RN
 
 18.68%
UDC
 
 11.29%
REC
 
 4.24%
DVG
 
 3.14%
ECO
 
 2.67%
DVD
 
 2.33%
REG
 
 1.28%
DVC
 
 1.25%
DXG
 
 1.17%
DSV
 
 1.10%
DIV
 
 0.85%
PRG
 
 0.56%
DXD
 
 0.03%
Popular vote (second round)
Ensemble
 
 38.57%
NUPES
 
 31.60%
RN
 
 17.3%
UDC
 
 7.29%
DVG
 
 1.97%
REG
 
 1.28%
DVD
 
 1.11%
DVC
 
 0.48%
PRG
 
 0.17%
DSV
 
 0.09%
DIV
 
 0.09%
DXG
 
 0.05%
REC
 
 0.00%
ECO
 
 0.00%
DXD
 
 0.00%
Popular vote (seats)
Ensemble
 
 42.50%
NUPES
 
 22.70%
RN
 
 15.40%
UDC
 
 11.09%
DVG
 
 0.03%
DVD
 
 0.02%
REG
 
 0.02%
DVC
 
 0.01%
PRG
 
 0.00%
DSV
 
 0.00%
DIV
 
 0.00%

Results by constituency

2022 French legislative election map results by constituency

Electorate

Sociology of the electorate
Demographic EXG NUPES DVG ECO ENS DVC UDC/DVD UPF RN REC Others
Total vote 1.2% 25.2% 4.1% 2.6% 25.2% 1.5% 13.7% 1.2% 18.9% 3.9% 2.5%
First-round vote in the 2022 presidential election
Jean-Luc Mélenchon 0% 85% 5% 3% 2% 0% 3% 0% 2% 0% 0%
Yannick Jadot 5% 39% 12% 11% 10% 6% 6% 0% 0% 0% 11%
Emmanuel Macron 0% 5% 3% 1% 71% 4% 12% 0% 0% 1% 3%
Valérie Pécresse 0% 3% 2% 1% 9% 3% 76% 0% 5% 1% 0%
Marine Le Pen 0% 5% 0% 1% 2% 0% 9% 1% 78% 2% 2%
Éric Zemmour 0% 1% 0% 3% 5% 0% 24% 1% 18% 46% 2%
Political party affiliation
LFI 0% 93% 3% 0% 0% 0% 1% 0% 2% 0% 1%
EELV 1% 52% 9% 11% 9% 0% 7% 0% 2% 0% 9%
PS 2% 43% 18% 2% 24% 0% 3% 1% 3% 0% 4%
LREM / MoDem 0% 2% 3% 1% 82% 5% 6% 0% 0% 0% 1%
LR / UDI 0% 2% 2% 2% 13% 0% 70% 0% 8% 2% 1%
RN 0% 3% 0% 1% 2% 0% 3% 0% 87% 1% 3%
REC 0% 0% 0% 0% 7% 0% 8% 1% 8% 76% 0%
None 2% 25% 3% 5% 21% 2% 18% 1% 19% 2% 2%
Sex
Men 1% 23% 4% 3% 25% 1% 14% 1% 21% 5% 2%
Women 2% 27% 4% 3% 25% 2% 14% 2% 17% 2% 2%
Age
18–24 years old 1% 42% 3% 3% 13% 0% 10% 1% 18% 5% 4%
25–34 years old 3% 38% 4% 5% 19% 1% 6% 2% 18% 4% 0%
35–49 years old 1% 31% 2% 3% 18% 2% 11% 1% 26% 2% 3%
50–59 years old 1% 22% 4% 4% 17% 1% 14% 2% 30% 3% 2%
60–69 years old 2% 26% 5% 1% 28% 2% 13% 1% 13% 5% 4%
70 or older 1% 15% 5% 2% 38% 1% 19% 1% 12% 4% 2%
Socio-occupational classification
Manager/professional 1% 28% 7% 3% 22%  7% 14% 0% 11% 4% 3%
Intermediate occupation 1% 35% 3% 4% 22% 0% 10% 1% 20% 2% 2%
White-collar worker 2% 31% 4% 3% 14% 3% 10% 3% 25% 3% 2%
Blue-collar worker 1% 18% 3% 3% 11% 0% 11% 1% 45% 4% 3%
Retired 1% 18% 5% 2% 35% 1% 18% 1% 12% 4% 3%
Employment status
Employee 1% 29% 4% 4% 18% 2% 11% 1% 25% 3% 2%
(Private employee) 1% 27% 2% 3% 19% 3% 12% 1% 25% 4% 3%
(Public employee) 2% 33% 7% 4% 16% 0% 9% 3% 24% 1% 1%
Self-employed 2% 25% 4% 2% 33% 0% 10% 3% 14% 7% 0%
Unemployed 4% 30% 2% 1% 7% 6% 11% 0% 27% 9% 3%
Education
Less than baccalauréat 1% 17% 2% 3% 27% 3% 12% 1% 28% 4% 2%
Baccalauréat 1% 24% 5% 2% 23% 0% 15% 1% 23% 3% 4%
Bac +2 1% 25% 5% 3% 23% 0% 16% 2% 18% 5% 2%
At least bac +3 2% 32% 4% 2% 27% 3% 12% 1% 11% 3% 3%
Monthly household income
Less than €1,250 3% 34% 2% 4% 19% 0% 7% 4% 21% 4% 2%
€1,250 to €2,000 2% 28% 5% 2% 19% 1% 12% 2% 23% 4% 2%
€2,000 to €3,000 1% 26% 5% 2% 27% 0% 11% 1% 21% 4% 2%
More than €3,000 0% 22% 4% 3% 28% 3% 17% 1% 15% 4% 3%
Moment of choice of vote
In the last few weeks 1% 29% 3% 1% 28% 1% 10% 1% 20% 5% 1%
In the last few days 3% 19% 6% 4% 20% 2% 22% 2% 17% 2% 3%
At the last moment 2% 13% 7% 8% 18% 6% 20% 3% 12% 2% 9%
Agglomeration
Fewer than 2,000 inhabitants 1% 27% 4% 2% 21% 0% 12% 2% 22% 4% 5%
2,000 to 10,000 inhabitants 2% 21% 5% 3% 21% 1% 14% 0% 26% 2% 5%
10,000 to 50,000 inhabitants 2% 22% 2% 2% 29% 0% 17% 1% 22% 3% 0%
50,000 to 200,000 inhabitants 2% 22% 6% 2% 23% 3% 13% 1% 22% 5% 1%
More than 200,000 inhabitants 1% 27% 4% 3% 28% 2% 14% 2% 13% 4% 2%
Religion
Roman Catholic 1% 13% 4% 3% 30% 1% 19% 1% 21% 5% 2%
(Regular practitioner) 1% 8% 8% 2% 26% 3% 29% 2% 14% 7% 0%
(Occasional practitioner) 1% 12% 2% 2% 27% 4% 28% 0% 17% 5% 2%
(Non-practitioner) 1% 13% 4% 3% 31% 1% 16% 2% 23% 4% 2%
Other religion 2% 38% 7% 5% 18% 0% 14% 0% 8% 3% 5%
Non religion 2% 39% 4% 2% 20% 2% 7% 1% 17% 3% 3%
Demographic
EXG NUPES DVG ECO ENS DVC UDC/DVD UPF RN REC Others
Sociology of the electorate
Source: Ipsos France[71]

Aftermath

Due to the Ensemble's loss of 100+ seats, they were now 44 seats shy of a majority in the National Assembly, and need to find support among other MPs from the left or the right side of politics to help build a working majority government. President Macron asked Prime Minister Borne, who offered her resignation, to stay in office with the same cabinet in an effort to gain time according to analysts to form a stable government, with or without Borne.[72] LFI requested a vote of no confidence to be held on 5 July.[73][74]

Despite not ruling out any deal with any party, it is speculated that Macron and Ensemble are eyeing a deal with UDC.[72] Despite previously stating otherwise,[6] UDC's Jacob confirmed that he would take part in talks with Macron.[72] RN's Le Pen and the leaders of two NUPES parties, Olivier Faure (PS) and Fabien Roussel (PCF), stated that they would take part in talks with Macron. LFI's Mélenchon confirmed that he would not take part in talks.[72]

Parliamentary groups formation

Composition of the National Assembly on 29 June 2022[75][76]
Parliamentary group Members Related Total President
GDR Democratic and Republican Left - NUPES 22 0 22 André Chassaigne
LFI La France Insoumise - NUPES 75 0 75 Mathilde Panot
ECO Ecologist - NUPES 23 0 23 Julien Bayou
SOC Socialists and affiliated - NUPES 27 4 31 Boris Vallaud
LIOT Liberties, Independents, Overseas, and Territories 16 0 16 Bertrand Pancher
REN Renaissance 168 4 172 Aurore Bergé
DEM Democratic group, MoDem and Independents 48 0 48 Jean-Paul Mattei
HOR Horizons and affiliated 28 2 30 Laurent Marcangeli
LR The Republicans 59 3 62 Olivier Marleix
RN National Rally 88 1 89 Marine Le Pen
NI Non-Attached Members 9 – 9 –

Vote of no confidence

Shortly after the election, a vote of no confidence was tabled by the left-wing NUPES coalition. It was rejected as only left-wing parliamentary groups supported the motion.[77]

Prime Minister Borne offered her resignation on 21 June 2022, but President Macron refused to accept it. Talks among the various parties to form a stable majority government began later on 21 June but rapidly failed. On 6 July, Borne presented her minority government policy plan to the Parliament.[72][78]

See also

Notes

  1. ↑ Several news outlets, such as France Info and Le Monde, give a different result as to the final seat count, with Ensemble on 247 and NUPES on 142, respectively. This is due to differences as to candidates, particularly in the French overseas constituencies, being classified as members of these alliances or not.[10]
  2. ↑ Includes the Federation of the Republican Left and dissident candidates from the NUPES member parties. Some independent candidates affiliated with the NUPES were also labelled as Miscellaneous left by the Ministry of Interior. In the second round, the result of the Radical Party of the Left was included in the results for the Miscellaneous left by the Ministry.
  3. ↑ Includes Lutte Ouvrière and New Anticapitalist Party.
  4. ↑ Includes the Union for France led by Debout la France and The Patriots.

References

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  12. ↑ "Les incidents au Stade de France ont contribué à mobiliser tous les électorats d'opposition". l'Express (in French). 13 July 2022.
  13. ↑ Vigogne, Ludovic. Les sans jours [The off days] (in French). Paris: Bouquins. ISBN 978-2-38292-451-8.
  14. ↑ "As it happened: Macron's centrist party wins absolute majority in French legislative elections". France 24. 18 June 2017. Archived from the original on 12 June 2022. Retrieved 16 June 2022.
  15. ↑ "Élections législatives de 2022 : quand la proportionnelle se réinvite dans le débat". Midi Libre (in French). 22 February 2021. Archived from the original on 26 February 2021. Retrieved 14 March 2021.
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  17. ↑ Bernard, Mathias (24 April 2022). "French president Emmanuel Macron wins re-election: a victory with deep challenges". The Conversation. Archived from the original on 25 April 2022. Retrieved 25 April 2022.
  18. ↑ Amaro, Silvia; Clinch, Matt (24 April 2022). "Macron beats far-right rival Le Pen in French presidential election". CNBC. Archived from the original on 4 May 2022. Retrieved 24 April 2022.
  19. ↑ Samuel, Henry (11 April 2022). "Valérie Pécresse could lose €5m of her own election campaign money". The Daily Telegraph. Archived from the original on 11 April 2022. Retrieved 12 April 2022.
  20. 1 2 Adghirni, Sami (20 June 2022). "How an Emboldened Far-Right Is Changing French Politics". The Washington Post. Archived from the original on 23 June 2022. Retrieved 20 June 2022.
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  23. ↑ "Explained: What is France's 'left alliance' and will it work?". The Local France. 2 May 2022. Archived from the original on 2 May 2022. Retrieved 3 May 2022.
  24. ↑ Oxford Analytica (3 May 2022). "France's left-wing alliance unlikely to win election". Emerald Expert Briefings. doi:10.1108/OXAN-ES268938. ISSN 2633-304X.
  25. ↑ "France: leftist alliance ahead of parliamentary elections". Eurotopics. 9 May 2022. Archived from the original on 3 May 2022. Retrieved 3 May 2022.
  26. ↑ Xu, Xiaofei (12 June 2022). "French parliamentary elections overshadowed by low turnout". CNN. Archived from the original on 15 June 2022. Retrieved 16 June 2022.
  27. ↑ Quay, Grayson (12 June 2022). "10 things you need to know today: June 12, 2022". The Week. Archived from the original on 16 June 2022. Retrieved 16 June 2022.
  28. ↑ "NUPES : que signifie le nouveau label d'union de la gauche pour les législatives ?" (in French). TF1 INFO. 2 May 2022. Archived from the original on 2 May 2022. Retrieved 2 May 2022.
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  31. ↑ "Meuse : Emilie Cariou ne briguera pas un second mandat aux élections législatives". France 3 Grand Est. Archived from the original on 2 May 2022. Retrieved 3 May 2022.
  32. ↑ "Hard left strikes deal with French Greens ahead of legislative elections". Radio France Internationale. 2 May 2022. Archived from the original on 2 May 2022. Retrieved 3 May 2022.
  33. ↑ "Melenchon in anti-Macron alliance with Greens". Deutsche Welle. 2 May 2022. Archived from the original on 2 May 2022. Retrieved 3 May 2022.
  34. ↑ "Le Parti communiste entérine un accord avec La France insoumise ; Emmanuel Macron investi pour un second mandat samedi : revivez l'actualité politique du 3 mai". Le Monde (in French). 3 May 2022. Archived from the original on 3 May 2022. Retrieved 3 May 2022.
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  36. ↑ "Le PS se prononce sur la Nupes, LREM change de nom, six milliards pour l'Ukraine.. L'actu de ce jeudi soir". Libération (in French). 5 May 2022. Archived from the original on 18 June 2022. Retrieved 16 June 2022.
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  41. ↑ Laurens, Guillaume (18 May 2022). "Législatives. Des candidats de la gauche 'laïque et républicaine' partout à Toulouse, face à la Nupes". Actu.fr (in French). Archived from the original on 25 May 2022. Retrieved 16 June 2022.
  42. ↑ "L'accord du PS avec LFI fait fuir le NPA de la NUPES". Le HuffPost (in French). 6 May 2022. Archived from the original on 16 June 2022. Retrieved 16 June 2022.
  43. ↑ Bourgeois, Marie-Pierre (6 May 2022). "Législatives: le NPA ne signe pas avec LFI et dénonce l'absence de circonscription pour Poutou" (in French). BFM TV. Archived from the original on 8 June 2022. Retrieved 16 June 2022.
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