Sebastian Vettel wearing a hat
Sebastian Vettel won the first of his four consecutive World Championships, eclipsing Lewis Hamilton as the youngest World Champion in Formula One history.
Fernando Alonso wearing a hat and sunglasses
Fernando Alonso was runner-up by just 4 points, driving for Ferrari
Mark Webber wearing sunglasses
Mark Webber, Vettel's teammate, finished third in the Drivers' Championship a further 14 points behind

The 2010 FIA Formula One World Championship was the 64th season of FIA Formula One motor racing. Red Bull Racing won its maiden Constructors' Championship with a 1–2 finish in Brazil, while Red Bull Racing's Sebastian Vettel won the Drivers' Championship after winning the final race of the season in Abu Dhabi. In doing so, Vettel became the youngest World Drivers' Champion in the 61-year history of the championship. Vettel's victory in the championship came after a dramatic season finale at Abu Dhabi where three other drivers could also have won the championship – Vettel's Red Bull Racing teammate Mark Webber, Ferrari's Fernando Alonso and McLaren's Lewis Hamilton.[1]

This was Bridgestone's final season as the sole tyre supplier in Formula One as the company announced that it would not renew its contract at the end of the season. After several months of deliberation, Pirelli was chosen as the tyre supplier for the 2011 season at the FIA World Motor Sport Council meeting in Geneva, in June 2010.

The points system was changed, with 25 points being awarded for first place, 18 for second, 15 for third, then 12, 10, 8, 6, 4, 2, and 1 for fourth to tenth. The technical and sporting regulations applicable for the season were the subject of much debate.

Before the start of the season, 2009 Drivers' Champion Jenson Button joined McLaren, while the 2009 Constructors' Champion, Brawn GP, was bought by German motor vehicle manufacturer Mercedes-Benz and was renamed as Mercedes GP. The 2010 season saw the return of the most successful driver in Formula One history at that point, with seven-time World Champion Michael Schumacher coming out of retirement after a three-year absence since 2006.[2]

The season's first race was held on 14 March in Bahrain and the season concluded on 14 November in the United Arab Emirates after 19 motor races held in 18 countries on five continents.[3]

Teams and drivers

The following teams and drivers competed in the 2010 FIA Formula One World Championship.[4] With the withdrawal of BMW and Toyota from the sport, engine diversity in Formula One dropped to a 30-year low, with just four engine producers powering the entire grid (Ferrari, Mercedes, Renault and Cosworth), the lowest since 1980. Four new teams joined the grid: Mercedes, Lotus Racing, Virgin Racing and HRT. Teams competed with tyres supplied by Bridgestone.

Entrant Constructor Chassis Engine No. Race Drivers Rounds
United Kingdom Vodafone McLaren Mercedes McLaren-Mercedes MP4-25 Mercedes FO 108X 1 United Kingdom Jenson Button[5] All
2 United Kingdom Lewis Hamilton[6] All
Germany Mercedes GP Petronas F1 Team Mercedes MGP W01 Mercedes FO 108X 3 Germany Michael Schumacher[7] All
4 Germany Nico Rosberg[4] All
Austria Red Bull Racing Red Bull-Renault RB6 Renault RS27-2010 5 Germany Sebastian Vettel[4] All
6 Australia Mark Webber[8] All
Italy Scuderia Ferrari Marlboro Ferrari F10 Ferrari 056 7 Brazil Felipe Massa[9] All
8 Spain Fernando Alonso[4] All
United Kingdom AT&T Williams Williams-Cosworth FW32 Cosworth CA2010 9 Brazil Rubens Barrichello[10] All
10 Germany Nico Hülkenberg[10] All
France Renault F1 Team Renault R30 Renault RS27-2010 11 Poland Robert Kubica[11] All
12 Russia Vitaly Petrov[12] All
India Force India F1 Team Force India-Mercedes VJM03 Mercedes FO 108X 14 Germany Adrian Sutil[13] All
15 Italy Vitantonio Liuzzi[13] All
Italy Scuderia Toro Rosso Toro Rosso-Ferrari STR5 Ferrari 056 16 Switzerland Sébastien Buemi[14] All
17 Spain Jaime Alguersuari[15] All
Malaysia Lotus Racing Lotus-Cosworth T127 Cosworth CA2010 18 Italy Jarno Trulli[16] All
19 Finland Heikki Kovalainen[16] All
Spain Hispania Racing F1 Team HRT-Cosworth F110 Cosworth CA2010 20 India Karun Chandhok[17] 1–10
Austria Christian Klien[18] 15, 18–19
Japan Sakon Yamamoto[19] 11–14, 16–17
21 10[20]
Brazil Bruno Senna[21] 1–9, 11–19
Switzerland BMW Sauber F1 Team BMW Sauber-Ferrari C29 Ferrari 056 22 Spain Pedro de la Rosa[4] 1–14
Germany Nick Heidfeld[22] 15–19
23 Japan Kamui Kobayashi[23] All
United Kingdom Virgin Racing Virgin-Cosworth VR-01 Cosworth CA2010 24 Germany Timo Glock[24] All
25 Brazil Lucas di Grassi[25] All

Free practice drivers

Four constructors entered free practice only drivers over the course of the season.

Drivers that took part in free practice sessions during the 2010 FIA Formula One World Championship
Constructor Practice drivers
Driver name Rounds
Force India-Mercedes United Kingdom Paul di Resta 2–5, 9–10, 12, 14
HRT-Cosworth Austria Christian Klien
Japan Sakon Yamamoto		 5, 9
7
Lotus-Cosworth Malaysia Fairuz Fauzy 3, 10–11, 15, 19
Virgin-Cosworth Belgium Jérôme d'Ambrosio 15–18
Sources:[26][27][28][16][29]

New entries process

The FIA announced its intention to open up the grid, aiming for a total of 13 teams, and in July 2009 selected three new teams from 15 new applicants, as well as confirming the entry of all 10 existing teams.[30] The existing F1 teams, under the FOTA organisation, are understood to have agreed a system of technical support to assist new teams. This compromise proposal would involve the supply of parts and design knowledge to the new entrants, but not full customer cars, in return for which the budget cap idea was dropped.[31]

The three teams on the entry list released in July 2009 included Campos Meta, a Spanish team led by former driver and GP2 team owner Adrian Campos and Madrid-based sports advertising agency Meta Image; Manor Grand Prix, an F3 team run by John Booth and designer Nick Wirth (who was formerly involved in the Simtek Ford team who competed in 1994 and 1995); and US F1, a team created by former designer Ken Anderson and journalist Peter Windsor.[32] Following the withdrawal of BMW Sauber, Lotus Racing was accepted to return to the grid for the first time since the 1994 Australian Grand Prix.[33] Manor became known as Virgin Racing after Richard Branson's Virgin Group purchased naming rights to the team,[34] while Campos-Meta was reimagined as Hispania Racing after investor José Ramón Carabante purchased the team from Adrian Campos shortly before the first race of the season.[35] USF1 officially withdrew from the championship in early March, following months of speculation and accusations from whistleblowers that the team had been crippled by mismanagement for months.[36]

The FIA also had several entry bids from other racing teams including World Series by Renault and Le Mans entrant Epsilon Euskadi,[37] Dave Richards's highly successful Prodrive outfit[38] and Italian touring car team N.Technology[39] as well as re-imaginings of former teams March,[40] Brabham,[40] Lola Cars[41] and Team Lotus (not to be confused with Lotus Racing).[42] Other expressions of interest came from Team Superfund, an Austrian outfit to be fronted by former driver Alex Wurz[43] and myf1dream.com, a team established by fans of the sport and funded by their donations.[44] Experienced sports car and touring car entrant Ray Mallock Limited had intended to submit an entry bid,[45] but decided against it following the mid-season political crisis.

Of the most interest to the media was Stefan Grand Prix, created by Zoran Stefanovic and hailed as Serbia's first Formula 1 team.[46] Stefan claimed to have acquired the remains of Toyota's abandoned TF110 chassis and engine and had access to Toyota Motorsport's former headquarters in Cologne, Germany. After being rejected from the grid, Stefanovic filed a complaint with the European Commission over the entry selection process and then announced his intentions to continue development of the Toyota chassis, re-badged as the Stefan S-01, with the team even going so far as to send equipment to Bahrain, Australia and Malaysia. After several difficulties including the cancellation of a planned test in Portugal when Bridgestone refused to supply tyres,[47] Stefan attempted to purchase the defunct USF1 entry, but the moves were blocked. Stefan was finally rejected on 4 March when the FIA stated that it was not possible to issue entries so close to the season opener.[48]

Team changes

  • BMW announced on 29 July 2009 their withdrawal from Formula One at the end of the 2009 season, citing a lack of future viability and sustainability for the Formula One program.[49] After a failed buy out from Qadbak Investments,[50] the team was sold back to Peter Sauber.[51] The FIA officially accepted the team to the 2010 grid under the name BMW Sauber on 3 December, using a Swiss racing licence and Ferrari engines after the Toyota withdrawal.[52][53]
  • Toyota withdrew from Formula One on 4 November 2009, due to financial difficulties in the automotive industry. After announcing they would not sell the team on,[54] their grid slot went to the Sauber team. Then, Stefan Grand Prix claimed that they had acquired rights to the Toyota Motorsport's former headquarters in Cologne and the TF110 that was renamed Stefan S-01.
  • Scuderia Toro Rosso became an independent constructor in 2010, after having their chassis supplied by the Red Bull Technologies design studio for the first years of racing. This had allowed the team to purchase customer chassis, despite the concept being banned by the FIA. This loophole was closed for 2010, meaning that the STR5 2010 car was the first car Toro Rosso built on their own, having spent most of 2009 expanding their base of operations in Faenza, Italy to accommodate production facilities.[55]
  • Daimler AG, parent company of Mercedes-Benz, bought a 75.1% controlling stake in the 2009 champions Brawn GP, renaming the team Mercedes Grand Prix, Mercedes' last F1 race was the 1955 Italian Grand Prix.[56] Mercedes's former 40% stake in the McLaren Group was purchased back by McLaren, although Mercedes would continue to supply McLaren engines and sponsorship until the end of the 2014 season. Mercedes signed a sponsorship deal with Petronas, with the Malaysian petroleum company ending its association with BMW Sauber, and the team was renamed to Mercedes GP Petronas Formula One Team.[57]
  • Renault had sold Gerard Lopez and his Genii Capital investment company a 75% majority shareholding, in order to secure the team's future. The team continued to operate under the Renault name and the engine department remained under full Renault ownership.[58] The deal left the possibility for Renault to regain complete ownership once the economic situation had stabilised.

Driver changes

Changed teams
Entered Formula One
Bruno Senna made his debut with the new Hispania team.
Michael Schumacher returned to the sport with Mercedes after a 3-year hiatus.
Exited Formula One
Returned to Formula One
  • Pedro de la Rosa returned to Formula One driving for the Sauber team,[66] having previously served as test driver for McLaren. His return ended a three-year absence from racing since 2007, his last Grand Prix start being a half-season campaign in 2006.
  • Seven-time World Champion Michael Schumacher officially joined Mercedes on 23 December 2009, ending a three-year hiatus from the sport since 2007.[2] Schumacher had originally intended to make a comeback with Ferrari in 2009 to stand in for the injured Felipe Massa, but was prevented from doing so by a motorcycle accident injury, and the Mercedes contract was not signed until he was given a clean bill of health. Schumacher previously raced for Mercedes in the 1991 World Sportscar Championship.[2]
Mid-season changes

Season calendar

On 21 September 2009 the provisional 2010 calendar was issued by the World Motor Sport Council containing 19 races,[3] followed by a second provisional schedule which had the Abu Dhabi and Brazilian Grands Prix switching dates.[73] The final calendar was released on 11 December 2009.[74]

Round Grand Prix Circuit Date
1 Bahrain Grand Prix Bahrain Bahrain International Circuit, Sakhir 14 March
2 Australian Grand Prix Australia Albert Park Circuit, Melbourne 28 March
3 Malaysian Grand Prix Malaysia Sepang International Circuit, Kuala Lumpur 4 April
4 Chinese Grand Prix China Shanghai International Circuit, Shanghai 18 April
5 Spanish Grand Prix Spain Circuit de Catalunya, Montmeló 9 May
6 Monaco Grand Prix Monaco Circuit de Monaco, Monte Carlo 16 May
7 Turkish Grand Prix Turkey Istanbul Park, Istanbul 30 May
8 Canadian Grand Prix Canada Circuit Gilles Villeneuve, Montreal 13 June
9 European Grand Prix Spain Valencia Street Circuit, Valencia 27 June
10 British Grand Prix United Kingdom Silverstone Circuit, Silverstone 11 July
11 German Grand Prix Germany Hockenheimring, Hockenheim 25 July
12 Hungarian Grand Prix Hungary Hungaroring, Mogyoród 1 August
13 Belgian Grand Prix Belgium Circuit de Spa-Francorchamps, Stavelot 29 August
14 Italian Grand Prix Italy Autodromo Nazionale di Monza, Monza 12 September
15 Singapore Grand Prix Singapore Marina Bay Street Circuit, Singapore 26 September
16 Japanese Grand Prix Japan Suzuka Circuit, Suzuka 10 October
17 Korean Grand Prix South Korea Korea International Circuit, Yeongam 24 October
18 Brazilian Grand Prix Brazil Autódromo José Carlos Pace, São Paulo 7 November
19 Abu Dhabi Grand Prix United Arab Emirates Yas Marina Circuit, Abu Dhabi 14 November
Source:[75]

Calendar changes

  • The Bahrain Grand Prix was run on a new layout at the Bahrain International Circuit. In this configuration, the drivers leave the old circuit shortly after turn four and follow a loop of nearly 900 metres in length, before re-joining the circuit before the old turn five. This increased the overall lap distance from 5.412 km (3.363 mi) to 6.299 km (3.914 mi).[76] The race reverted to the circuit's original layout from 2012. The 2011 Bahrain Grand Prix was cancelled due to that year's Bahraini protests.[77]
  • The British Grand Prix was originally planned to move from Silverstone Circuit to Donington Park in 2010,[78] but the owners of Donington Park failed to raise the necessary £135 million bond to redevelop the circuit and infrastructure.[79] After extended negotiations with Bernie Ecclestone, the organisers of Silverstone came to an agreement that will see the British Grand Prix hosted by the circuit for the next seventeen years, utilising the new "Arena" configuration which increases lap distance by 760 metres (0.47 mi).[80][81]
  • The Canadian Grand Prix returned in 2010 after its one-year absence.[82]
  • The German Grand Prix returned to Hockenheim for one year, after being held at the Nürburgring in 2009.
  • The Japanese Grand Prix was due to return to Fuji Speedway for 2010, as part of a year-on-year rotation with Suzuka Circuit. However, Fuji's owners Toyota announced that they had abandoned plans for Fuji to hold the race, citing the global recession as the main reason for this.[83] Suzuka will continue to hold the event in 2010 and in 2011.[84]
  • South Korea made its first appearance on the F1 calendar under the name Korean Grand Prix with a race being held at the Korea International Circuit in Yeongam on 24 October. On 12 October, the circuit passed its inspection.[85]

Changes

Regulation changes

  • Refuelling during the race was abolished for the first season since 1993.[86][87] Despite the resolution over the budget cap and the decision for 2010 to fall back to the 2009 rules, FOTA expressed interest in a refuelling ban as it represents a way to cut costs.[88]
refer to caption
The 2010 cars were 20–22 cm longer than the 2009 versions because of the larger fuel tank.[89]
  • To accommodate the extra teams, the maximum number of cars allowed to take part in a race increased from 24 to 26 cars.[90] Formula One Management offered financial support to all new teams for 2010, in the form of $10m (£6.25m, €6.8m) along with the free transportation of two chassis and 10,000 kg (22,049 lbs) of freight to each race.[91] The increased number of teams now requires garages to be allocated on an equal basis at each Grand Prix.
  • Teams had to homologate certain parts of the car, including the driver's survival cell, roll structures, all impact structures and the front and rear wheels,[92] meaning they couldn't be modified over the course of the season without written approval from the FIA on safety or reliability grounds.[93] The minimum car weight increased from 605 kg to 620 kg (1,334 lbs to 1,367 lbs) to better accommodate heavier drivers with KERS units, despite FOTA's agreement not to use the system.[94]
  • The qualifying system changed to accommodate the extra cars: 7 cars drop out of the first qualifying session, 7 from the second session and 10 cars will challenge for pole position in the third session. The third session was to be run in a low-fuel configuration due to the refuelling ban,[95] although these drivers must start the race on the set of tyres used in the third session.[96] If a tyre is damaged in qualifying, then the FIA technical delegate will assess the extent of the damage and may allow the car to switch tyres to a set he deems to be safe.[92]
The front tyres changed from 270 mm (11 in) to 245 mm (9.6 in)
  • Drivers were given eleven sets of tyres over the course of a weekend, reduced from the fourteen sets in 2009.[96] Three of these sets were for practice only and were returned before the start of qualifying, regardless of whether they are used or not. The front tyres were narrowed from 270 mm (11 in) to 245 mm (9.6 in), in order to improve the balance of grip between the front and rear. Wheel covers and rim heaters were banned, and tyre blankets were only allowed to act on the tyre's outer surface.[97]
  • A new points system was ratified for 2010, in response to the increased grid. Since 2003, points had been awarded to the top eight finishers, on a 10–8–6–5–4–3–2–1. The 2010 system awarded the top ten classified finishers on a 25–18–15–12–10–8–6–4–2–1 basis.[96]
  • The stewarding system had a fixed pool of stewards to draw from for each race, including former racing drivers, instead of a rotating line-up.[98] This was to make the stewarding process more transparent, following recent controversies involving the stewards. Previously, stewards were only able to issue twenty-five-second penalties for infractions that occurred too late in the race for drivers to receive a normal penalty, but for 2010 they had the power to hand out twenty-second penalties to drivers who would have received a drive-through penalty and thirty-second penalties to those who would have received a stop-and-go penalty. A penalty had to be completed within two laps of the issuing rather than the three of previous years now.[92]
  • Replacement drivers were permitted to one day of testing, provided they have not participated in an F1 race in the last two calendar years. This was in response to several drivers in 2009 competing in their début weekend with no experience of their F1 car.[99] Teams are also allowed to run a replacement driver in the Friday practice sessions.[97][100]
  • Powered devices that lift any part of the car during the pit stop were banned, and to prevent teams from releasing a car into the path of an oncoming driver in pit lane, the crew had to wait until the oncoming driver that is within a 25 m (82 ft) zone either side of the pit box has passed.
  • The Concorde Agreement, which governs Formula One, was renewed at the 2009 Hungarian Grand Prix. Several cost-cutting proposals were included, such as a limit on the number of aerodynamic upgrades permitted over the course of a season and restrictions on the number of team personnel who attend a Grand Prix weekend.[93] Also included was a provision that teams were now able to miss as many as three races before being ejected from the championship, although the FIA was to impose some kind of penalty for a missed race.[101]
  • Whilst the race is suspended neither the race nor the timekeeping system will stop; however the length of the race suspension will be added to the maximum two hour period.[102]

Mid-season changes

  • A new parc fermé system, trialled in Bahrain, had cars sealed inside a bag within the team garages and monitored by low-resolution cameras, switching to a high-definition output if it sensed movement within the garage. The system was made a permanent procedure for parc ferme from the Australian Grand Prix.[103]
  • Wing mirrors – previously treated as aerodynamic aids instead of for the drivers benefit – may no longer be mounted in the "outboard" position, following concerns about poor visibility which resulted in several cases of accidental blocking in Melbourne. The ban was effective from the Spanish Grand Prix onwards.[104]
  • Following the success of the Canadian Grand Prix, tyre supplier Bridgestone announced its intentions to increase the difference between its compounds for the German Grand Prix, meaning that the teams have to deal with the extremes in the rubber compounds.[105]
  • At the FIA World Motor Sport Council meeting in Geneva, on 23 June, the rules regarding safety car conditions were clarified following a final-lap incident involving Michael Schumacher and Fernando Alonso at the Monaco Grand Prix. No car may overtake until it has passed the first safety car line for the first time when the safety car is returning to the pits. However, if the safety car is still deployed at the beginning of the last lap, or is deployed during the last lap, it will enter the pit lane at the end of the lap and the cars will take the chequered flag as normal without overtaking.[106]
  • Any car being driven unnecessarily slowly, erratically, or which is deemed potentially dangerous to other drivers, will be reported to the stewards. This will apply whether any such car is being driven on the track, the pit entry or the pit lane.[106] To avoid coming under the scrutiny of the stewards, a driver must return to the pits within a pre-determined lap time set by the stewards.
  • If a sample of fuel is required after a practice session the car concerned must have first been driven back to the pits under its own power.[106] This was a response to qualifying at the Canadian Grand Prix when Lewis Hamilton stopped on the circuit after his team informed him that he may not have enough fuel left in the tank for the sample to be taken after the session. Although no action was taken against Hamilton, the stewards moved to prevent teams from deliberately doing it in the future.
  • Following a minor controversy when Ferrari conducted a "filming day" at Fiorano ahead of the European Grand Prix using a car that included parts to be debuted at the race – which some felt was an attempt to circumvent bans on testing – changes were made to the rulebook that mean teams will be banned from running parts that have not been raced at a filming session or media event.[107]
  • Ferrari and Red Bull were both accused of having front wings that flexed at high speed, pushing them closer to the ground than is allowed. Although no wing ever failed scrutineers' tests, as of the Belgian Grand Prix the test was made more stringent by increasing the load applied to the wings.[108] Similar changes were made at the Italian Grand Prix to the test of the front section of the floor under the nose (known as the bib).[109]

Safety car

  • The new Mercedes-Benz SLS AMG was introduced as the safety car for 2010.[110][111][112]
  • Following controversy at the European Grand Prix, the safety car rules were revised ahead of the British Grand Prix. In the event of a safety car deployment, drivers are given a "delta time" – 120% of a standard race lap (i.e. if the standard lap time is one minute, forty seconds, the delta time is two minutes) – a minimum lap time in which to get back to the pits or else be cited for speeding. However, following the Webber-Kovalainen crash in Valencia, several drivers were penalised for breaking the delta time as they had been racing ahead of the accident and the safety car was deployed as they approached the end of the lap; in effect, they had safely completed a lap at racing speeds and pitted at the earliest opportunity. Instead of following the delta time, drivers must slow down to the speed of the safety car from the moment it is deployed, but will be exempt from doing so for the final two hundred metres of the lap. As a result of this, it will prevent drivers from gaining an advantage by pitting at the earliest possible opportunity and emerging ahead of the safety car.[113]

Pre-season

Dispute over regulations and breakaway series

The Fédération Internationale de l'Automobile (FIA) had planned to introduce a budget cap, in order to safeguard the sport and reduce the costs. The proposal had an optional budget cap of €30 million ($45 million, £27 million), with greater technical and design freedoms allowed to teams who nominated to use it. The teams objected to what they believed would be a two-tier championship and five of the teams within the Formula One Teams Association (FOTA), Ferrari, BMW Sauber, Renault, Red Bull Racing and Toro Rosso announced their intentions to withdraw from the 2010 championship.[114][115] BMW Sauber later announced on their withdrawal from Formula One at the end of the 2009 season.[116]

Following negotiations, the FOTA teams unanimously decided to withdraw at the end of the 2009 season unless the budget cap rules were changed.[117] Williams and Force India both submitted their own entries and were temporarily suspended from FOTA,[118][119] while the remaining teams submitted conditional entries for the 2010 season. The 2010 entry list was published by the FIA on 12 June, which included all 2009 teams and three new teams, Campos Meta, Virgin Racing and US F1 Team.[120] Discussions between the FIA and FOTA failed to find a resolution to the budget cap issues and the eight FOTA teams announced intentions to form a breakaway series for 2010.[121] However, following a meeting of the World Motor Sport Council on 24 June, FOTA agreed to remain in Formula One and FIA president Max Mosley confirmed he would not stand for re-election in October.[122]

During a meeting on 8 July between the FIA and FOTA on future regulations, the teams walked out of the meeting after being informed that they were not entered for the 2010 season and could therefore have no input on regulatory discussions.[123] In response it was announced that plans for a breakaway series were still being pursued.[124] Negotiations on a new Concorde Agreement directly with CVC, the commercial rights holders, led to the eventual end of the dispute with its signing by the FIA on 1 August. The new Concorde Agreement secured the sport's future until its expiration in 2012.[125]

Testing

The new season test schedule started on 1 December 2009 with a three-day 'Young Driver Test' (for drivers with fewer than three Formula One race starts to their name) at Spain's Circuito de Jerez. British Formula 3 Champion Daniel Ricciardo was fastest for Red Bull Racing. As with 2009, the teams were allowed a maximum of 15,000 km (9,300 mi) over the course of fifteen days in February. Testing sessions were confirmed for Valencia (1–3 February), Jerez (10–13 February and 17–20 February), Barcelona (25–28 February) and Bahrain Endurance Circuit (5–7 March).[126] All but Campos/Hispania and US F1 took part in the pre-season tests.[127][128]

Testing sessions at Jerez were constantly interrupted by heavy rain.

Pre-season testing started at the Circuit Ricardo Tormo in Valencia with seven teams. Ferrari dominated the test session, with Felipe Massa setting the fastest lap times on days one[129] and two.[130] In his first appearance for the team, Fernando Alonso set the fastest overall time on the third day of the test with 1:11.470.[131]

Virgin Racing had aerodynamic problems during the tests in Jerez and Barcelona.

The second session took place at Circuito de Jerez, Spain with heavy downpours throughout the test. This also marked the first public test for new team Virgin Racing who only managed five laps after a shortage of parts became a problem.[132] Lewis Hamilton set the fastest lap of the test during a dry Saturday session with 1:19.583.[133]

The third test at Jerez for another four-day test was also affected by mixed weather conditions.[134][135] Lotus Racing started its first public test with the T127.[136] The penultimate[137] and last days saw sunny weather with Jenson Button setting the fastest time (1:18.871).[138]

The fourth test took place at Circuit de Catalunya, Barcelona. The test started in sunny weather with rain showers scattered through the weekend. Virgin's testing misery carried on with Lucas di Grassi crashing[139] and more mechanical issues.[140] Lewis Hamilton set the fastest lap of the week (1:20.472) with most teams doing low fuel runs on Sunday.[141]

The last pre-season test took place at Bahrain Endurance Circuit, Sakhir. The test started in sunny weather with through the weekend. Mercedes joining Jacques Villeneuve for testing replacement from Nico Rosberg failing to travel Bahrain following bus accident in Barcelona. Mark Webber set the fastest lap of the week (1:55.874) with most teams doing low fuel runs on Saturday.

Report

Michael Schumacher returned to the grid with the Mercedes team after coming out of retirement.

The 2010 season saw the debut of three new teams, Virgin, Lotus and Hispania. The teams were often more than three seconds per lap slower than the established teams. After fighting reliability issues early in the season, the three teams soon established themselves with Lotus leading the way, their best result being a twelfth place for Heikki Kovalainen in Japan. Virgin struggled after discovering their fuel tank was too small, forcing them to push their development schedule back five races in order to build a car that could finish the race. Hispania were the slowest of the three, and by mid-season were rotating their drivers on a regular basis, but a pair of fourteenth places by Karun Chandhok in Australia and Monaco put the team ahead of Virgin in the Constructors' Championship for most of the season.

In stark contrast to 2009, no one driver emerged as dominant in the early stages of the 2010 season. Fernando Alonso won the opening race of the season in Bahrain after Sebastian Vettel's engine misfired, with Alonso becoming just the sixth Ferrari driver to win on debut for the Italian team. Reigning World Champion Jenson Button claimed victory in Australia for the second year in succession, whilst Vettel won in Malaysia, setting up a unique situation that would last for the rest of the season whereby no driver would win a race while leading the World Championship.

Nico Rosberg consistently out-performed his teammate Michael Schumacher.

Button became the first driver to win more than one race with victory in China, but Mark Webber would be the first to take back-to-back victories with wins in Spain and Monaco. Webber was leading the Turkish Grand Prix when teammate Vettel attempted a pass on lap 40 that ended with the two Red Bulls colliding; Vettel retired whilst Webber recovered to finish third behind eventual race winner Lewis Hamilton and Jenson Button. Hamilton would match Webber's feat of back-to-back victories by claiming first place in Canada.

Reigning World Champion Jenson Button scored his first victory for McLaren in Australia.
Lewis Hamilton leading Sebastian Vettel and Fernando Alonso at the Canadian Grand Prix. Hamilton won the race to take the Drivers' Championship lead.

The middle of the season saw controversy, starting at the European Grand Prix in Valencia following a disputed safety car ruling. Mark Webber collided with Heikki Kovalainen at the fastest point on the circuit, the collision destroying Webber's front wing and launching Webber into a somersault. The safety car was deployed immediately, joining the circuit behind race leader Vettel, but ahead of then-second placed Hamilton and the Ferraris of Alonso and Felipe Massa. Hamilton overtook the safety car as it emerged from the pit lane but after it had crossed the safety car control line. It took the race stewards twenty minutes to pass verdict on the infringement, and while Hamilton was issued with a drive-through penalty for his actions, it had little effect as he was already well clear of the rest of the field.

The British Grand Prix marked the halfway point of the season and saw further tensions within Red Bull. Team principal Christian Horner removed the team's new front wing from Webber's car and placed it on Vettel's for qualifying and the race, after the German driver's wing was damaged in the final practice session. Webber won the race after passing Vettel from second off the start, who then developed a puncture on the first lap and was forced to pit.[142]

The German Grand Prix saw a return to form for Ferrari, with both Alonso and Massa quickest over the course of the race meeting. On the anniversary of his accident, Felipe Massa led most of the race before a message from the Ferrari pit appeared to be a coded instruction telling Massa to move over and let Alonso through, granting Alonso seven extra World Championship points for his ultimate win. Ferrari were fined US$100,000 for the use of team orders to deliberately alter the outcome of a race and faced further sanctions at a meeting of the FIA World Motor Sport Council in September where they face charges of bringing the sport into disrepute, though the hearing would ultimately acquit Ferrari on the grounds of a lack of evidence.

Sebastian Vettel won three of the last four races, winning the championship in Abu Dhabi.

After finishing sixth in Germany, Webber won again in Hungary after Vettel broke an obscure safety car rule and was issued with a drive-through penalty that demoted him to third, while Lewis Hamilton won a wet Belgian Grand Prix from Mark Webber and Robert Kubica while Vettel was involved in a collision with Button that eliminated the incumbent World Champion whilst Vettel was handed his second drive-through penalty in as many races. Fernando Alonso retired after a mistake in the wet. The European season ended in Italy, with Alonso claiming his third victory of the season and adding a fourth to his tally – and his first Grand Slam – in Singapore.

Red Bull reasserted their dominance in Japan, with Vettel winning comfortably from Webber and Alonso third. They were prepared to continue their performance in a rain-delayed Korean Grand Prix, but an early accident eliminated Webber and a late engine failure for Vettel handed the victory to Alonso. Nico Hülkenberg claimed his maiden pole position for Williams by over a second in changing conditions in Brazil, but Red Bull went on to claim their fourth 1–2 finish of the season, claiming enough points to be declared World Constructors' Champion in just their sixth year of competition.

There were a record 10 changes of leadership in the title race, variously led by every top-6 finisher except Vettel, who eventually took the championship victory in the last race.

In the week leading up to the final race of the season, Red Bull repeated their intentions not to use team orders, a decision they were widely criticised for as allowing Mark Webber to finish ahead of Sebastian Vettel would have meant he trailed Fernando Alonso by just one point ahead of the race in Abu Dhabi. However, the Australian struggled to find speed across the weekend, qualifying behind Alonso and unable to find a way past the Ferrari driver for most of the race. Like Webber, Alonso had opted for an early pit stop in his tyre strategy, but emerged behind Russian rookie Vitaly Petrov. Taking into account the cars ahead of them that had yet to stop, this meant that Alonso would be running sixth on the road when he needed to finish fourth to claim the title.

McLaren's Jenson Button took the lead of the race when Sebastian Vettel pitted, the 2009 World Champion attempting to extend his lead enough to avoid a costly encounter with Robert Kubica after Lewis Hamilton got caught behind the Renault driver; passing Kubica would give him a chance to catch Vettel, who would resume the lead when Button pitted. Button needed a lead of twenty-two seconds to rejoin the circuit ahead of Kubica and Hamilton, but Kubica was able to match him on lap times and McLaren were forced to pit Button, who rejoined fourth behind his teammate, becoming third when Kubica pitted. While Kubica was expected to rejoin somewhere behind Mark Webber, Vitaly Petrov had held Webber and Alonso up enough that when Kubica completed his stop, he joined the circuit ahead of them, adding his name to the list of drivers Alonso needed to pass in order to win the World Championship. Sebastian Vettel won the race, with the McLarens second and third. Alonso was unable to find a way past Petrov and so finished seventh, handing the title to Vettel by four points. Abu Dhabi was the first time Sebastian Vettel had led the 2010 World Championship.[143] Only twice before in the history of Formula One had the Drivers' World Champion led the championship only for the last race: in 1964 and 1976.

Results and standings

Grands Prix

Round Grand Prix Pole position Fastest lap Winning driver Winning constructor Report
1 Bahrain Bahrain Grand Prix Germany Sebastian Vettel Spain Fernando Alonso Spain Fernando Alonso Italy Ferrari Report
2 Australia Australian Grand Prix Germany Sebastian Vettel Australia Mark Webber United Kingdom Jenson Button United Kingdom McLaren-Mercedes Report
3 Malaysia Malaysian Grand Prix Australia Mark Webber Australia Mark Webber Germany Sebastian Vettel Austria Red Bull-Renault Report
4 China Chinese Grand Prix Germany Sebastian Vettel United Kingdom Lewis Hamilton United Kingdom Jenson Button United Kingdom McLaren-Mercedes Report
5 Spain Spanish Grand Prix Australia Mark Webber United Kingdom Lewis Hamilton Australia Mark Webber Austria Red Bull-Renault Report
6 Monaco Monaco Grand Prix Australia Mark Webber Germany Sebastian Vettel Australia Mark Webber Austria Red Bull-Renault Report
7 Turkey Turkish Grand Prix Australia Mark Webber Russia Vitaly Petrov United Kingdom Lewis Hamilton United Kingdom McLaren-Mercedes Report
8 Canada Canadian Grand Prix United Kingdom Lewis Hamilton Poland Robert Kubica United Kingdom Lewis Hamilton United Kingdom McLaren-Mercedes Report
9 Spain European Grand Prix Germany Sebastian Vettel United Kingdom Jenson Button Germany Sebastian Vettel Austria Red Bull-Renault Report
10 United Kingdom British Grand Prix Germany Sebastian Vettel Spain Fernando Alonso Australia Mark Webber Austria Red Bull-Renault Report
11 Germany German Grand Prix Germany Sebastian Vettel Germany Sebastian Vettel Spain Fernando Alonso Italy Ferrari Report
12 Hungary Hungarian Grand Prix Germany Sebastian Vettel Germany Sebastian Vettel Australia Mark Webber Austria Red Bull-Renault Report
13 Belgium Belgian Grand Prix Australia Mark Webber United Kingdom Lewis Hamilton United Kingdom Lewis Hamilton United Kingdom McLaren-Mercedes Report
14 Italy Italian Grand Prix Spain Fernando Alonso Spain Fernando Alonso Spain Fernando Alonso Italy Ferrari Report
15 Singapore Singapore Grand Prix Spain Fernando Alonso Spain Fernando Alonso Spain Fernando Alonso Italy Ferrari Report
16 Japan Japanese Grand Prix Germany Sebastian Vettel Australia Mark Webber Germany Sebastian Vettel Austria Red Bull-Renault Report
17 South Korea Korean Grand Prix Germany Sebastian Vettel Spain Fernando Alonso Spain Fernando Alonso Italy Ferrari Report
18 Brazil Brazilian Grand Prix Germany Nico Hülkenberg United Kingdom Lewis Hamilton Germany Sebastian Vettel Austria Red Bull-Renault Report
19 United Arab Emirates Abu Dhabi Grand Prix Germany Sebastian Vettel United Kingdom Lewis Hamilton Germany Sebastian Vettel Austria Red Bull-Renault Report
Source:[144]

Scoring system

Points were awarded to the top 10 classified finishers.[145]

Position  1st   2nd   3rd   4th   5th   6th   7th   8th   9th   10th 
Points 25 18 15 12 10 8 6 4 2 1

World Drivers' Championship standings

Pos. Driver BHR
Bahrain		 AUS
Australia		 MAL
Malaysia		 CHN
China		 ESP
Spain		 MON
Monaco		 TUR
Turkey		 CAN
Canada		 EUR
Spain		 GBR
United Kingdom		 GER
Germany		 HUN
Hungary		 BEL
Belgium		 ITA
Italy		 SIN
Singapore		 JPN
Japan		 KOR
South Korea		 BRA
Brazil		 ABU
United Arab Emirates		 Points
1 Germany Sebastian Vettel 4P RetP 1 6P 3 2F Ret 4 1P 7P 3PF 3PF 15 4 2 1P RetP 1 1P 256
2 Spain Fernando Alonso 1F 4 13† 4 2 6 8 3 8 14F 1 2 Ret 1PF 1PF 3 1F 3 7 252
3 Australia Mark Webber 8 9F 2PF 8 1P 1P 3P 5 Ret 1 6 1 2P 6 3 2F Ret 2 8 242
4 United Kingdom Lewis Hamilton 3 6 6 2F 14F† 5 1 1P 2 2 4 Ret 1F Ret Ret 5 2 4F 2F 240
5 United Kingdom Jenson Button 7 1 8 1 5 Ret 2 2 3F 4 5 8 Ret 2 4 4 12 5 3 214
6 Brazil Felipe Massa 2 3 7 9 6 4 7 15 11 15 2 4 4 3 8 Ret 3 15 10 144
7 Germany Nico Rosberg 5 5 3 3 13 7 5 6 10 3 8 Ret 6 5 5 17† Ret 6 4 142
8 Poland Robert Kubica 11 2 4 5 8 3 6 7F 5 Ret 7 Ret 3 8 7 Ret 5 9 5 136
9 Germany Michael Schumacher 6 10 Ret 10 4 12 4 11 15 9 9 11 7 9 13 6 4 7 Ret 72
10 Brazil Rubens Barrichello 10 8 12 12 9 Ret 14 14 4 5 12 10 Ret 10 6 9 7 14 12 47
11 Germany Adrian Sutil 12 Ret 5 11 7 8 9 10 6 8 17 Ret 5 16 9 Ret Ret 12 13 47
12 Japan Kamui Kobayashi Ret Ret Ret Ret 12 Ret 10 Ret 7 6 11 9 8 Ret Ret 7 8 10 14 32
13 Russia Vitaly Petrov Ret Ret Ret 7 11 13† 15F 17 14 13 10 5 9 13 11 Ret Ret 16 6 27
14 Germany Nico Hülkenberg 14 Ret 10 15 16 Ret 17 13 Ret 10 13 6 14 7 10 Ret 10 8P 16 22
15 Italy Vitantonio Liuzzi 9 7 Ret Ret 15† 9 13 9 16 11 16 13 10 12 Ret Ret 6 Ret Ret 21
16 Switzerland Sébastien Buemi 16† Ret 11 Ret Ret 10 16 8 9 12 Ret 12 12 11 14 10 Ret 13 15 8
17 Spain Pedro de la Rosa Ret 12 DNS Ret Ret Ret 11 Ret 12 Ret 14 7 11 14 6
18 Germany Nick Heidfeld Ret 8 9 17 11 6
19 Spain Jaime Alguersuari 13 11 9 13 10 11 12 12 13 Ret 15 Ret 13 15 12 11 11 11 9 5
20 Finland Heikki Kovalainen 15 13 NC 14 DNS Ret Ret 16 Ret 17 Ret 14 16 18 16† 12 13 18 17 0
21 Italy Jarno Trulli 17† DNS 17 Ret 17 15† Ret Ret 21 16 Ret 15 19 Ret Ret 13 Ret 19 21† 0
22 India Karun Chandhok Ret 14 15 17 Ret 14† 20† 18 18 19 0
23 Brazil Bruno Senna Ret Ret 16 16 Ret Ret Ret Ret 20 19 17 Ret Ret Ret 15 14 21 19 0
24 Brazil Lucas di Grassi Ret Ret 14 Ret 19 Ret 19 19 17 Ret Ret 18 17 20† 15 DNS Ret NC 18 0
25 Germany Timo Glock Ret Ret Ret DNS 18 Ret 18 Ret 19 18 18 16 18 17 Ret 14 Ret 20 Ret 0
26 Japan Sakon Yamamoto 20 Ret 19 20 19 16 15 0
27 Austria Christian Klien Ret 22 20 0
Pos. Driver BHR
Bahrain		 AUS
Australia		 MAL
Malaysia		 CHN
China		 ESP
Spain		 MON
Monaco		 TUR
Turkey		 CAN
Canada		 EUR
Spain		 GBR
United Kingdom		 GER
Germany		 HUN
Hungary		 BEL
Belgium		 ITA
Italy		 SIN
Singapore		 JPN
Japan		 KOR
South Korea		 BRA
Brazil		 ABU
United Arab Emirates		 Points
Source:[146]
Key
ColourResult
GoldWinner
SilverSecond place
BronzeThird place
GreenOther points position
Blue Other classified position
Not classified, finished (NC)
PurpleNot classified, retired (Ret)
Red Did not qualify (DNQ)
BlackDisqualified (DSQ)
White Did not start (DNS)
Race cancelled (C)
Blank Did not practice (DNP)
Excluded (EX)
Did not arrive (DNA)
Withdrawn (WD)
Did not enter (empty cell)
Annotation Meaning
P Pole position
F Fastest lap

Notes:

  • † – Drivers did not finish the Grand Prix, but were classified as they completed more than 90% of the race distance.

World Constructors' Championship standings

Pos. Constructor No. BHR
Bahrain		 AUS
Australia		 MAL
Malaysia		 CHN
China		 ESP
Spain		 MON
Monaco		 TUR
Turkey		 CAN
Canada		 EUR
Spain		 GBR
United Kingdom		 GER
Germany		 HUN
Hungary		 BEL
Belgium		 ITA
Italy		 SIN
Singapore		 JPN
Japan		 KOR
South Korea		 BRA
Brazil		 ABU
United Arab Emirates		 Points
1 Austria Red Bull-Renault 5 4P RetP 1 6P 3 2F Ret 4 1P 7P 3PF 3PF 15 4 2 1P RetP 1 1P 498
6 8 9F 2PF 8 1P 1P 3P 5 Ret 1 6 1 2P 6 3 2F Ret 2 8
2 United Kingdom McLaren-Mercedes 1 7 1 8 1 5 Ret 2 2 3F 4 5 8 Ret 2 4 4 12 5 3 454
2 3 6 6 2F 14F† 5 1 1P 2 2 4 Ret 1F Ret Ret 5 2 4F 2F
3 Italy Ferrari 7 2 3 7 9 6 4 7 15 11 15 2 4 4 3 8 Ret 3 15 10 396
8 1F 4 13† 4 2 6 8 3 8 14F 1 2 Ret 1PF 1PF 3 1F 3 7
4 Germany Mercedes 3 6 10 Ret 10 4 12 4 11 15 9 9 11 7 9 13 6 4 7 Ret 214
4 5 5 3 3 13 7 5 6 10 3 8 Ret 6 5 5 17† Ret 6 4
5 France Renault 11 11 2 4 5 8 3 6 7F 5 Ret 7 Ret 3 8 7 Ret 5 9 5 163
12 Ret Ret Ret 7 11 13† 15F 17 14 13 10 5 9 13 11 Ret Ret 16 6
6 United Kingdom Williams-Cosworth 9 10 8 12 12 9 Ret 14 14 4 5 12 10 Ret 10 6 9 7 14 12 69
10 14 Ret 10 15 16 Ret 17 13 Ret 10 13 6 14 7 10 Ret 10 8P 16
7 India Force India-Mercedes 14 12 Ret 5 11 7 8 9 10 6 8 17 Ret 5 16 9 Ret Ret 12 13 68
15 9 7 Ret Ret 15† 9 13 9 16 11 16 13 10 12 Ret Ret 6 Ret Ret
8 Switzerland BMW Sauber-Ferrari 22 Ret 12 DNS Ret Ret Ret 11 Ret 12 Ret 14 7 11 14 Ret 8 9 17 11 44
23 Ret Ret Ret Ret 12 Ret 10 Ret 7 6 11 9 8 Ret Ret 7 8 10 14
9 Italy Toro Rosso-Ferrari 16 16† Ret 11 Ret Ret 10 16 8 9 12 Ret 12 12 11 14 10 Ret 13 15 13
17 13 11 9 13 10 11 12 12 13 Ret 15 Ret 13 15 12 11 11 11 9
10 Malaysia Lotus-Cosworth 18 17† DNS 17 Ret 17 15† Ret Ret 21 16 Ret 15 19 Ret Ret 13 Ret 19 21† 0
19 15 13 NC 14 DNS Ret Ret 16 Ret 17 Ret 14 16 18 16† 12 13 18 17
11 Spain HRT-Cosworth 20 Ret 14 15 17 Ret 14† 20† 18 18 19 Ret 19 20 19 Ret 16 15 22 20 0
21 Ret Ret 16 16 Ret Ret Ret Ret 20 20 19 17 Ret Ret Ret 15 14 21 19
12 United Kingdom Virgin-Cosworth 24 Ret Ret Ret DNS 18 Ret 18 Ret 19 18 18 16 18 17 Ret 14 Ret 20 Ret 0
25 Ret Ret 14 Ret 19 Ret 19 19 17 Ret Ret 18 17 20 15 DNS Ret NC 18
Pos. Constructor No. BHR
Bahrain		 AUS
Australia		 MAL
Malaysia		 CHN
China		 ESP
Spain		 MON
Monaco		 TUR
Turkey		 CAN
Canada		 EUR
Spain		 GBR
United Kingdom		 GER
Germany		 HUN
Hungary		 BEL
Belgium		 ITA
Italy		 SIN
Singapore		 JPN
Japan		 KOR
South Korea		 BRA
Brazil		 ABU
United Arab Emirates		 Points
Source:[146]
Key
ColourResult
GoldWinner
SilverSecond place
BronzeThird place
GreenOther points position
Blue Other classified position
Not classified, finished (NC)
PurpleNot classified, retired (Ret)
Red Did not qualify (DNQ)
BlackDisqualified (DSQ)
White Did not start (DNS)
Race cancelled (C)
Blank Did not practice (DNP)
Excluded (EX)
Did not arrive (DNA)
Withdrawn (WD)
Did not enter (empty cell)
Annotation Meaning
P Pole position
F Fastest lap

Notes:

  • † – Drivers did not finish the Grand Prix, but were classified as they completed more than 90% of the race distance.
  • Official FIA Results for the Constructors' Championship listed the constructors as Red Bull Racing, Vodafone McLaren Mercedes, Scuderia Ferrari Marlboro, etc.[146]

References

  1. ↑ "The title permutations – who must do what to become champion?". formula1.com. Formula One Administration. 13 November 2010. Archived from the original on 14 November 2010. Retrieved 27 January 2010.
  2. 1 2 3 Noble, Jonathan (23 December 2009). "Schumacher makes F1 return". autosport.com. Haymarket Publications. Archived from the original on 26 December 2009. Retrieved 23 December 2009.
  3. 1 2 "Provisional 2010 calendar shows 19 races". fia.com. Fédération Internationale de l'Automobile. 21 September 2009. Archived from the original on 15 December 2010. Retrieved 11 February 2011.
  4. 1 2 3 4 5 "FIA Formula One World Championship – Entry List". fia.com. Fédération Internationale de l'Automobile. 3 March 2010. Archived from the original on 2 March 2012. Retrieved 31 January 2014.
  5. ↑ "Vodafone McLaren Mercedes signs reigning World Champion Jenson Button to multi-year deal". mclaren.com. Vodafone McLaren Mercedes. 18 November 2009. Archived from the original on 20 November 2009. Retrieved 18 November 2009.
  6. ↑ "McLaren extend Hamilton's contract". autosport.com. Haymarket Publications. 18 January 2008. Retrieved 17 March 2009.
  7. ↑ English, Steven (20 January 2010). "Schumacher takes No. 3 from Rosberg". autosport.com. Haymarket Publications. Archived from the original on 23 January 2010. Retrieved 20 January 2010.
  8. ↑ Beer, Matt (23 July 2009). "Red Bull to retain Webber for 2010". autosport.com. Haymarket Publications. Retrieved 25 July 2009.
  9. ↑ "Massa extends Ferrari stay until 2010". Manipe F1. 16 October 2007. Archived from the original on 11 February 2009. Retrieved 20 May 2008.
  10. 1 2 3 4 "Williams's 2010 Driver Lineup". WilliamsF1. 2 November 2009. Archived from the original on 5 November 2009. Retrieved 2 November 2009.
  11. ↑ "Kubica to join Renault for 2010". BBC Sport. BBC. 7 October 2009. Archived from the original on 10 October 2009. Retrieved 7 October 2009.
  12. 1 2 Elizalde, Pablo (31 January 2010). "Renault reveals the R30, confirms Petrov". autosport.com. Haymarket Publications. Archived from the original on 3 February 2010. Retrieved 31 January 2010.
  13. 1 2 Elizalde, Pablo (27 November 2009). "Sutil and Liuzzi confirmed for Force India". autosport.com. Haymarket Publications. Archived from the original on 30 November 2009. Retrieved 27 November 2009.
  14. ↑ "Buemi to stay on with Toro Rosso". BBC Sport. BBC. 9 November 2009. Archived from the original on 12 November 2009. Retrieved 9 November 2009.
  15. ↑ Elizalde, Pablo (22 January 2010). "Alguersuari confirmed at Toro Rosso". autosport.com. Haymarket Publications. Archived from the original on 25 January 2010. Retrieved 22 January 2010.
  16. 1 2 3 4 5 "Trulli, Kovalainen confirmed at Lotus". autosport.com. Haymarket Publications. 14 December 2009. Retrieved 14 December 2009.
  17. 1 2 Noble, Jonathan (4 March 2010). "Chandhok announced as HRT driver". autosport.com. Haymarket Publications. Retrieved 4 March 2010.
  18. 1 2 Collantine, Keith (24 September 2010). "Klien takes Yamamoto's place at HRT". F1 Fanatic. Keith Collantine. Archived from the original on 25 September 2010. Retrieved 24 September 2010.
  19. 1 2 Elizalde, Pablo (16 July 2010). "Yamamoto replaces Chandhok at HRT". autosport.com. Haymarket Publications. Archived from the original on 18 July 2010. Retrieved 16 July 2010.
  20. 1 2 Noble, Jonathan; Beer, Matt (8 July 2010). "Yamamoto to replace Senna in Britain". Autosport.com. Haymarket Publications. Archived from the original on 10 July 2010. Retrieved 8 July 2010.
  21. 1 2 Noble, Jonathan (31 October 2009). "Campos honoured to give Senna F1 slot". autosport.com. Haymarket Publications. Archived from the original on 3 November 2009. Retrieved 31 October 2009.
  22. 1 2 Cooper, Adam (14 September 2010). "Sauber confirms Heidfeld in, de la Rosa out". Adam Cooper's F1 Blog. Adam Cooper. Archived from the original on 17 September 2010. Retrieved 14 September 2010.
  23. 1 2 "Sauber F1 team recruit Japan's Kamui Kobayashi". BBC Sport. BBC. 16 December 2009. Archived from the original on 18 December 2009. Retrieved 16 December 2009.
  24. 1 2 "Glock to lead new Manor F1 team". BBC Sport. BBC. 17 November 2009. Archived from the original on 17 November 2009. Retrieved 17 November 2009.
  25. 1 2 Noble, Jonathan (15 December 2009). "Di Grassi to partner Glock at Virgin". autosport.com. Haymarket Publications. Archived from the original on 18 December 2009. Retrieved 15 December 2009.
  26. ↑ Goodlad, Phil (2 February 2010). "Paul di Resta to become Force India test driver". BBC Sport. BBC. Archived from the original on 5 February 2010. Retrieved 2 February 2010.
  27. ↑ Beer, Matt (5 May 2010). "Klien gets Hispania reserve seat". autosport.com. Haymarket Publications. Archived from the original on 8 May 2010. Retrieved 5 May 2010.
  28. ↑ Beer, Matt (17 April 2010). "Yamamoto gets Hispania test deal". autosport.com. Haymarket Publications. Archived from the original on 20 April 2010. Retrieved 17 April 2010.
  29. ↑ Noble, Jonathan (11 September 2010). "Virgin set to retain Glock, di Grassi". autosport.com. Haymarket Publications. Archived from the original on 13 September 2010. Retrieved 11 September 2010.
  30. ↑ "Fifteen teams lodged F1 entries". autosport.com. Haymarket Publications. 12 June 2009. Retrieved 11 February 2011.
  31. ↑ Straw, Edd (28 May 2009). "FOTA agrees on plan to help new teams". autosport.com. Haymarket Publications. Archived from the original on 30 May 2009. Retrieved 29 May 2009.
  32. ↑ Noble, Jonathan (12 June 2009). "FIA announces 2010 F1 entry list". autosport.com. Haymarket Publications. Archived from the original on 15 June 2009. Retrieved 12 June 2009.
  33. ↑ "Lotus confirmed, as FIA pushes for 14 teams in 2010". formula1.com. Formula One Administration. 15 September 2009. Archived from the original on 20 September 2009. Retrieved 15 September 2009.
  34. ↑ Beer, Matt (30 November 2009). "Manor to race under Virgin Racing title". autosport.com. Haymarket Publications. Archived from the original on 3 December 2009. Retrieved 1 December 2009.
  35. ↑ "Newcomers Campos rebranded as Hispania Racing F1 Team". BBC Sport. BBC. 3 March 2010. Retrieved 3 March 2010.
  36. ↑ Noble, Jonathan; Rencken, Dieter (2 March 2010). "Team US F1 shuts down operation". autosport.com. Haymarket Publications. Archived from the original on 4 March 2010. Retrieved 2 March 2010.
  37. ↑ Elizalde, Pablo (3 June 2009). "Epsilon confirms 2010 F1 entry attempt". autosport.com. Haymarket Publications. Archived from the original on 6 June 2009. Retrieved 4 June 2009.
  38. ↑ "Prodrive confirms 2010 entry bid". itv.com. ITV Sport. 29 May 2009. Archived from the original on 24 July 2009. Retrieved 11 February 2011.
  39. ↑ English, Steven (3 June 2009). "N.Technology submits F1 application". autosport.com. Haymarket Publications. Archived from the original on 6 June 2009. Retrieved 3 June 2009.
  40. 1 2 Chiarelli, Simon (3 June 2009). "F1: March And Brabham Submit Entries For 2010". The Motor Report. The Motor Report Pty. Ltd. Retrieved 4 June 2009.
  41. ↑ Elizalde, Pablo (29 May 2009). "Lola confirms 2010 F1 entry". autosport.com. Haymarket Publications. Archived from the original on 30 May 2009. Retrieved 29 May 2009.
  42. ↑ "Prodrive bid for Formula 1 place". BBC Sport. BBC. 29 May 2009. Archived from the original on 2 June 2009. Retrieved 4 June 2009.
  43. ↑ Strang, Simon (31 May 2009). "Wurz set to lead Superfund into F1". autosport.com. Haymarket Publications. Archived from the original on 5 June 2009. Retrieved 31 May 2009.
  44. ↑ Autosport Magazine, 18 June 2009, p13
  45. ↑ Noble, Jonathan (20 May 2009). "Five new teams submit F1 entries". autosport.com. Haymarket Publications. Archived from the original on 23 May 2009. Retrieved 16 June 2009.
  46. ↑ Collins, Sam (5 August 2009). "Exclusive: Stefan Grand Prix owner speaks out on F1 selection row". racecar-engineering.com. IPC Media. Archived from the original on 30 November 2009. Retrieved 3 December 2009.
  47. ↑ Noble, Jonathan (22 February 2010). "Stefan GP cancels Portimao test". autosport.com. Haymarket Publications. Archived from the original on 24 February 2010. Retrieved 22 February 2010.
  48. ↑ "New team Stefan GP have Formula 1 entry rejected". BBC Sport. BBC. 4 March 2010. Retrieved 4 March 2010.
  49. ↑ Noble, Jonathan (29 July 2009). "BMW will quit F1 at the end of 2009". autosport.com. Haymarket Publications. Retrieved 29 July 2009.
  50. ↑ Elizalde, Pablo (15 September 2009). "BMW finds buyer for Formula 1 team". autosport.com. Haymarket Publications. Retrieved 15 September 2009.
  51. ↑ Elizalde, Pablo (27 November 2009). "BMW sells F1 team back to Peter Sauber". autosport.com. Haymarket Publications. Archived from the original on 30 November 2009. Retrieved 27 November 2009.
  52. ↑ Noble, Jonathan (3 December 2009). "Sauber secures 2010 Formula 1 slot". autosport.com. Haymarket Publications. Archived from the original on 6 December 2009. Retrieved 3 December 2009.
  53. ↑ Beer, Matt; Noble, Jonathan (24 September 2009). "Theissen confirms Ferrari engine deal". autosport.com. Haymarket Publications. Retrieved 24 September 2009.
  54. ↑ "Toyota team sale not an option". infinitedomain.co.uk. Infinite Domain. 6 November 2009. Archived from the original on 19 August 2011. Retrieved 7 January 2010.
  55. ↑ Beer, Matt; Noble, Jonathan (9 November 2009). "STR hopeful about first non-Red Bull car". autosport.com. Haymarket Publications. Archived from the original on 12 November 2009. Retrieved 9 November 2009.
  56. ↑ "Mercedes takes over Brawn". autosport.com. Haymarket Publications. 16 November 2009. Archived from the original on 19 November 2009. Retrieved 16 November 2009.
  57. ↑ "Mercedes GP sign Petronas agreement". f1technical.net. F1 Technical. 21 December 2009. Retrieved 27 December 2009.
  58. ↑ Benson, Andrew (16 December 2009). "Renault will race in Formula 1 after selling their team". BBC Sport. BBC. Archived from the original on 17 December 2009. Retrieved 16 December 2009.
  59. ↑ Benson, Andrew (30 September 2009). "Ferrari confirm capture of Alonso". BBC Sport. BBC. Archived from the original on 12 March 2012. Retrieved 1 November 2009.
  60. ↑ "Mercedes-Benz acquires Brawn GP team". formula1.com. Formula One Administration. 16 November 2009. Archived from the original on 8 January 2010. Retrieved 21 December 2009.
  61. ↑ Noble, Jonathan (3 September 2009). "Fisichella: Ferrari drive a dream for me". autosport.com. Haymarket Publications. Retrieved 3 September 2009.
  62. ↑ English, Steven (1 February 2010). "Fisichella signs up for Le Mans Series". Haymarket Publications. Archived from the original on 3 February 2010. Retrieved 1 February 2010.
  63. ↑ Elizalde, Pablo; Rencken, Dieter (19 February 2010). "Stefan GP fires up Formula 1 car". autosport.com. Haymarket Publications. Retrieved 19 February 2010.
  64. ↑ Noble, Jonathan (18 November 2009). "Raikkonen to take a sabbatical in 2010". autosport.com. Haymarket Publications. Archived from the original on 20 November 2009. Retrieved 18 November 2009.
  65. ↑ Beer, Matt (4 December 2009). "Raikkonen joins WRC with Citroen". autosport.com. Haymarket Publications. Archived from the original on 5 January 2010. Retrieved 4 December 2009.
  66. ↑ "Pedro de la Rosa to race for BMW Sauber F1 Team". Racecar. Racecar New Media Services Ltd. 20 January 2010. Archived from the original on 30 September 2011. Retrieved 18 June 2011.
  67. ↑ Collantine, Keith (9 July 2010). "Senna to return for HRT in Germany". F1 Fanatic. Keith Collantine. Archived from the original on 11 July 2010. Retrieved 10 July 2010.
  68. ↑ Elizalde, Pablo (17 August 2010). "Heidfeld released by Mercedes GP". autosport.com. Haymarket Publications. Archived from the original on 20 August 2010. Retrieved 18 August 2010.
  69. ↑ Noble, Jonathan (16 September 2010). "Grosjean to test for Pirelli at Monza". autosport.com. Haymarket Publications. Archived from the original on 19 September 2010. Retrieved 16 September 2010.
  70. ↑ Hay-Nicholls, Adam (30 September 2010). "No Money, No Drive". ESPN F1. ESPN. Archived from the original on 4 October 2010. Retrieved 7 October 2010.
  71. ↑ Beer, Matt (24 September 2010). "Klien to deputise for Yamamoto". Autosport.com. Haymarket Publications. Archived from the original on 27 September 2010. Retrieved 24 September 2010.
  72. ↑ Collantine, Keith (4 November 2010). "Klien takes Yamamoto's place at HRT again". F1 Fanatic. Keith Collantine. Archived from the original on 7 November 2010. Retrieved 5 November 2010.
  73. ↑ "World Motor Sport Council, 21/10/2009". fia.com. Fédération Internationale de l'Automobile. 21 October 2009. Archived from the original on 24 October 2009. Retrieved 21 October 2009.
  74. ↑ "World Motor Sport Council, 11/12/2009". fia.com. Fédération Internationale de l'Automobile. 11 December 2009. Archived from the original on 14 December 2009. Retrieved 11 December 2009.
  75. ↑ "Formula One Calendar 2010". Motorsport Stats. Retrieved 2 April 2022.
  76. ↑ Noble, Jonathan (25 January 2010). "Bahrain unveils news layout for F1 race". autosport.com. Haymarket Publications. Archived from the original on 28 January 2010. Retrieved 27 January 2010.
  77. ↑ Elizalde, Pablo (16 August 2010). "Bahrain reverts to old layout for 2011". autosport.com. Haymarket Publications. Archived from the original on 18 August 2010. Retrieved 1 September 2010.
  78. ↑ "Donington gets British GP from 2010". itv.com. ITV Sport. 4 July 2008. Archived from the original on 4 July 2008. Retrieved 4 July 2008.
  79. ↑ Noble, Jonathan (23 October 2009). "Donington admits bond plan has failed". autosport.com. Haymarket Publications. Archived from the original on 26 October 2009. Retrieved 23 October 2009.
  80. ↑ Elizalde, Pablo (7 December 2009). "Silverstone secures British GP from 2010". autosport.com. Haymarket Publications. Archived from the original on 12 December 2009. Retrieved 7 December 2009.
  81. ↑ Beer, Matt (11 February 2010). "Silverstone to use new track for 2010 GP". autosport.com. Haymarket Publications. Retrieved 11 February 2010.
  82. ↑ Noble, Jonathan (27 November 2009). "Canada confirms F1 return in 2010". autosport.com. Haymarket Publications. Archived from the original on 30 November 2009. Retrieved 27 November 2009.
  83. ↑ Cary, Tom (7 July 2009). "Japanese Grand Prix in danger as credit crunch hits Formula One". The Daily Telegraph. Archived from the original on 11 January 2022. Retrieved 7 July 2009.
  84. ↑ "Suzuka to hold next three Japanese GPs". autosport.com. Haymarket Publications. 23 August 2009. Retrieved 23 August 2009.
  85. ↑ "Korean Grand Prix gets FIA go-ahead". autosport.com. 12 October 2010. Archived from the original on 15 October 2010. Retrieved 12 October 2010.
  86. ↑ Elizalde, Pablo (30 April 2009). "Refuelling ban confirmed for next season". autosport.com (registration required). Haymarket Publications. Archived from the original on 3 May 2009. Retrieved 30 April 2009.
  87. ↑ "Refuelling to be banned from 2010". ITV F1. ITV Sport; ITV. 12 December 2008. Archived from the original on 22 April 2009. Retrieved 19 July 2010.
  88. ↑ Noble, Jonathan (26 June 2009). "Refuelling ban still on for 2010 season". autosport.com (registration required). Haymarket Publications. Archived from the original on 29 June 2009. Retrieved 26 June 2009.
  89. ↑ "Ferrari F60/F10-overhead comparison". formula1.com. Formula One Administration. 8 February 2010. Archived from the original on 11 February 2010. Retrieved 19 February 2010.
  90. ↑ Straw, Edd (30 April 2009). "FIA confirms £40m budget cap for 2010". autosport.com. Haymarket Publications. Archived from the original on 2 May 2009. Retrieved 30 April 2009.
  91. ↑ Straw, Edd (30 April 2009). "New teams to get financial support". autosport.com. Haymarket Publications. Archived from the original on 3 May 2009. Retrieved 30 April 2009.
  92. 1 2 3 Collantine, Keith (12 February 2010). "2010 F1 rules published: FIA changes post-race penalties and fuel declarations". F1 Fanatic. Keith Collantine. Archived from the original on 14 February 2010. Retrieved 16 February 2010.
  93. 1 2 "Teams give details of 'cost regulation document'". Motorsport.com. GMM. 24 July 2009. Retrieved 18 June 2011.
  94. ↑ Elizalde, Pablo (30 April 2009). "FIA increases minimum car weight". autosport.com. Haymarket Publications. Archived from the original on 3 May 2009. Retrieved 30 April 2009.
  95. ↑ Strang, Simon (19 August 2009). "Changes to qualifying in 2010 rules". autosport.com. Haymarket Publications. Retrieved 20 August 2009.
  96. 1 2 3 FIA Formula One Commission (2 February 2010). "FIA Formula One Commission Press Release 02/02/2010". fia.com. Fédération Internationale de l'Automobile. Archived from the original on 5 February 2010. Retrieved 30 March 2010.
  97. 1 2 "The 2010 Season Preview – Part One". formula1.com. Formula One Administration. 5 March 2010. Archived from the original on 24 March 2010. Retrieved 6 March 2010.
  98. ↑ Straw, Edd (11 December 2009). "Ex-F1 drivers to join stewards' panel". autosport.com. Haymarket Publications. Archived from the original on 14 December 2009. Retrieved 12 December 2009.
  99. ↑ Beer, Matt (16 December 2009). "Stand-in drivers to get test days". autosport.com. Haymarket Publications. Retrieved 16 December 2009.
  100. ↑ 2010 F1 Sporting Regulations – published on 2010-06-23. Retrieved 22 November 2010.
  101. ↑ Bernstein, Viv (19 February 2010). "U.S. Team Struggling to Reach Start Line". The New York Times. Archived from the original on 25 February 2010. Retrieved 20 February 2010.
  102. ↑ "2010 Formula One Sporting Regulations" (PDF). fia.com. Retrieved 12 August 2022.
  103. ↑ Allen, James (25 March 2010). "FIA parc ferme relies on Big Brother camera technology". James Allen on F1. James Allen. Archived from the original on 28 March 2010. Retrieved 25 March 2010.
  104. ↑ Beer, Matt; Noble, Jonathan (1 April 2010). "Outboard mirrors to be banned". autosport.com. Haymarket Publications. Archived from the original on 4 April 2010. Retrieved 1 April 2010.
  105. ↑ Noble, Jonathan (21 June 2010). "Bridgestone increases gaps for tyres". Autosport.com. Haymarket Publications. Archived from the original on 24 June 2010. Retrieved 21 June 2010.
  106. 1 2 3 "World Motor Sport Council: 23/06/2010". fia.com. Fédération Internationale de l'Automobile. 23 June 2010. Archived from the original on 26 June 2010. Retrieved 23 June 2010.
  107. ↑ Noble, Jonathan (15 July 2010). "F1 teams agree to tweak testing rules". autosport.com. Haymarket Publications. Archived from the original on 18 July 2010. Retrieved 15 July 2010.
  108. ↑ "Revised front-wing flex test". formula1.com. Formula One Administration. 29 August 2010. Archived from the original on 1 September 2010. Retrieved 1 September 2010.
  109. ↑ "Revised floor flex test". formula1.com. Formula One Administration. 29 August 2010. Archived from the original on 1 September 2010. Retrieved 1 September 2010.
  110. ↑ "Mercedes unveils new gull-wing safety car". ESPN F1. ESPN. 26 February 2010. Archived from the original on 28 February 2010. Retrieved 26 February 2010.
  111. ↑ "Mercedes-AMG GT S: Bernd Mayländers neues Safety-Car". 9 March 2015. Retrieved 3 April 2015.
  112. ↑ "Mercedes unveils new 2015 safety and medical cars". Racer. Haymarket Publications. 6 March 2015. Archived from the original on 4 April 2015. Retrieved 2 April 2015.
  113. ↑ Noble, Jonathan (8 July 2010). "Safety car procedures revamped". Autosport.com. Haymarket Publications. Archived from the original on 11 July 2010. Retrieved 8 July 2010.
  114. ↑ "CP24-Court rejects Ferrari's bid to stop F1 budget caps – CTV News, Shows and Sports – Canadian Television". CTV Television Network. CTVglobemedia. 20 May 2009. Archived from the original on 20 January 2012. Retrieved 11 March 2010.
  115. ↑ Cary, Tom (14 May 2009). "Bernie Ecclestone confident of deal over Formula One budget caps – Telegraph". The Daily Telegraph. Archived from the original on 11 January 2022. Retrieved 11 March 2010.
  116. ↑ "BMW to quit F1 at end of season". BBC Sport. BBC. 29 July 2009. Archived from the original on 29 July 2009. Retrieved 29 July 2009.
  117. ↑ Noble, Jonathan (24 May 2009). "Teams demand FIA ditch 2010 rules". autosport.com. Haymarket Publications. Retrieved 23 July 2009.
  118. ↑ "Williams Suspended From FOTA". speedtv.com. Speed. 27 May 2009. Archived from the original on 30 June 2009. Retrieved 15 February 2010.
  119. ↑ "Force India suspended by Fota". The Telegraph. Kolkata: Ananda Publishers. 9 June 2009. Archived from the original on 12 June 2009. Retrieved 15 February 2010.
  120. ↑ Noble, Jonathan (12 June 2009). "FIA announces 2010 F1 entry list". autosport.com. Haymarket Publications. Archived from the original on 15 June 2009. Retrieved 23 July 2009.
  121. ↑ Noble, Jonathan (18 June 2009). "FOTA teams to launch breakaway series". autosport.com. Haymarket Publications. Archived from the original on 21 June 2009. Retrieved 23 July 2009.
  122. ↑ English, Steven (24 June 2009). "Mosley: Peace agreed in Formula 1". autosport.com. Haymarket Publications. Archived from the original on 27 June 2009. Retrieved 23 July 2009.
  123. ↑ Noble, Jonathan (8 July 2009). "FOTA says FIA putting F1 in jeopardy". autosport.com. Haymarket Publications. Retrieved 23 July 2009.
  124. ↑ Noble, Jonathan (9 July 2009). "FOTA pushing ahead with breakaway". autosport.com. Haymarket Publications. Retrieved 23 July 2009.
  125. ↑ Beer, Matt (1 August 2009). "New Concorde Agreement finally signed". autosport.com. Haymarket Publications. Retrieved 1 August 2009.
  126. ↑ Collantine, Keith (5 January 2010). "2010 F1 testing dates confirmed". F1 Fanatic. Keith Collantine. Archived from the original on 7 January 2010. Retrieved 5 January 2010.
  127. ↑ English, Steven (27 January 2010). "Campos could miss all testing". autosport.com. Haymarket Publications. Archived from the original on 30 January 2010. Retrieved 27 January 2010.
  128. ↑ "Anderson: USF1 could miss up to four races". PlanetF1.com. 365 Media Group. 20 February 2010. Archived from the original on 23 February 2010. Retrieved 20 February 2010.
  129. ↑ "Valencia day one – Massa leads the way for Ferrari". formula1.com. Formula One Administration. 1 February 2010. Archived from the original on 10 February 2010. Retrieved 18 February 2010.
  130. ↑ "Valencia day two – Massa stays quickest in Spain". formula1.com. Formula One Administration. 2 February 2010. Archived from the original on 12 February 2010. Retrieved 18 February 2010.
  131. ↑ "Valencia day three – Ferrari stay top as Alonso debuts". formula1.com. Formula One Administration. 3 February 2010. Archived from the original on 12 February 2010. Retrieved 18 February 2010.
  132. ↑ English, Steven (11 February 2010). "Parts shortage halts Virgin test". autosport.com. Haymarket Publications. Retrieved 18 February 2010.
  133. ↑ "Jerez day four – Hamilton and McLaren end on a high". formula1.com. Formula One Administration. 13 February 2010. Archived from the original on 24 March 2010. Retrieved 18 February 2010.
  134. ↑ "Thursday's F1 gossip column". BBC Sport. BBC. 18 February 2010. Retrieved 18 February 2010.
  135. ↑ "a sudden downpour... <Action Shots>". ITV F1. ITV Sport. 17 February 2010. Retrieved 18 February 2010.
  136. ↑ Elizalde, Pablo (12 February 2010). "Lotus launches 2010 car in London". autosport.com. Haymarket Publications. Retrieved 12 February 2010.
  137. ↑ "Jerez day three – advantage Webber and Red Bull in Spain". formula1.com. Formula One Administration. 19 February 2010. Archived from the original on 22 February 2010. Retrieved 21 February 2010.
  138. ↑ "Jerez day four – Button ends test on top". formula1.com. Formula One Administration. 20 February 2010. Archived from the original on 22 February 2010. Retrieved 20 February 2010.
  139. ↑ "Barcelona day one – Webber sets the standard". formula1.com. Formula One Administration. 25 February 2010. Archived from the original on 17 March 2010. Retrieved 27 February 2010.
  140. ↑ "Barcelona day three – Rosberg on top for Mercedes GP". formula1.com. Formula One Administration. 27 February 2010. Archived from the original on 24 March 2010. Retrieved 27 February 2010.
  141. ↑ "Barcelona day four – Hamilton in charge on final day". formula1.com. Formula One Administration. 28 February 2010. Archived from the original on 2 March 2010. Retrieved 28 February 2010.
  142. ↑ Lythell, Phil (12 July 2010). "Red Bull civil war playing into Button and Hamilton's hands at McLaren". Sportingo. Archived from the original on 31 December 2010. Retrieved 20 November 2010.
  143. ↑ "Vettel claims Formula One world title after Abu Dhabi triumph". CNN International. CNN. 15 November 2010. Archived from the original on 18 November 2010. Retrieved 19 November 2010.
  144. ↑ "Formula One Results 2010". Motorsport Stats. Retrieved 13 December 2021.
  145. ↑ Jones, Bruce (2011). Grand Prix 2011: The Official ITV Sport Guide. London, England: Carlton Books. p. 108. ISBN 978-1-84732-728-4 – via Internet Archive.
  146. 1 2 3 "2010 Season Guide". 15 December 2010. Archived from the original on 15 December 2010.
Wikimedia Commons has media related to 2010 in Formula One.


This article is issued from Wikipedia. The text is licensed under Creative Commons - Attribution - Sharealike. Additional terms may apply for the media files.