1999 Uruguayan general election
31 October 1999 (first round)
29 November 1999 (second round)
Registered2,402,160
Turnout91.79% (first round) Increase 0.41pp
91.84% (second round)
Presidential election
 
Nominee Jorge Batlle Tabaré Vázquez
Party Colorado Party Broad Front
Running mate Luis Antonio Hierro López Rodolfo Nin
Popular vote 1,158,708 982,049
Percentage 54.13% 45.87%
President before election

Julio María Sanguinetti
Colorado Party

 Elected President

Jorge Batlle
Colorado Party

Parliamentary election
PartyLeader % Seats +/–
Chamber
Broad Front Tabaré Vázquez 40.11 40 +9
Colorado Party Jorge Batlle 32.78 33 +1
National Party Luis Alberto Lacalle 22.31 22 −9
New Space Rafael Michelini 4.56 4 −1
Senate
Broad Front Tabaré Vázquez 40.11 12 +3
Colorado Party Jorge Batlle 32.78 10 −1
National Party Luis Alberto Lacalle 22.31 7 −3
New Space Rafael Michelini 4.56 1 0
This lists parties that won seats. See the complete results below.

General elections were held in Uruguay on 31 October 1999, alongside a double referendum, with a second round of the presidential election on 28 November.[1] The elections were the first in Uruguay since World War I that were not dominated by the Colorado Party and the National Party. The Broad Front had begun gaining popularity in 1994, and had become a key player in Uruguayan politics by 1999.[2]

The Broad Front–Progressive Encounter alliance became the largest faction in the General Assembly, winning the most seats in both the Senate and the Chamber of Deputies. In the presidential elections, Tabaré Vázquez of the Broad Front received the most votes in the first round, but was defeated by Jorge Batlle of the Colorado Party in the second round.[3][4] The National Party suffered the worst showing in its history, falling to third place in both chambers behind the Broad Front and Colorados.[2] In the second round, Batlle formed an alliance with the National Party; according to The New York Times, the traditional parties' decision to put aside their rivalry of over a century and a half helped Batlle win the presidency on his fifth attempt.[5]

Electoral system

Changes to the electoral law prior to the elections allowed third parties like the Broad Front a wider opportunity for participation. Parties were now required to hold primaries on the same day in April to elect a single presidential candidate; previously several candidates from a single party had been able to run for the presidency. The reforms also introduced the two-round system for the presidential election, with a candidate now required to receive over 50% of the vote to be elected in the first round, or face a run-off against the second-place candidate. Although the double simultaneous vote method (in which voters cast a single vote for the party of their choice for the Presidency, Senate and Chamber of Representatives) was retained, it prevented parties from submitting different lists.[6]

The 30 members of the Senate were elected by proportional representation in a single nationwide constituency,[7] whilst the 99 members of the Chamber of Representatives were elected by proportional representation in 19 multi-member constituencies based on the departments. Seats were allocated using the highest averages method.[8]

Primaries

The requirement to choose a single presidential candidate created tension in some parties. The National Party chose Luis Alberto Lacalle, who had been president from 1990 to 1995. The Colorado Party primaries were won by Jorge Batlle, whilst the Broad Front selected Tabaré Vázquez.[9]

Campaign

The Colorado Party spent the most on the campaign, spending the equivalent of US$11.1m ($3.1m in the primaries and $8m in the main election). The Broad Front spend $8m ($670,000 during the primaries and $7.4m during the main campaign) and the National Party $7m ($2m in the primaries and $5m during the main election). Other parties spent $500,000 during both stages of the elections.[10]

Results

PartyPresidential candidateFirst roundSecond roundSeats
Votes%Votes%Chamber+/–Senate+/–
Broad Front–Progressive EncounterTabaré Vázquez861,20240.11981,77845.8740+912+3
Colorado PartyJorge Batlle703,91532.781,158,70854.1333+110–1
National PartyLuis Alberto Lacalle478,98022.3122–97–3
New SpaceRafael Michelini97,9434.564–110
Civic UnionLuis Pieri5,1090.240000
Total2,147,149100.002,140,486100.0099030–1
Valid votes2,147,14997.382,140,48697.03
Invalid/blank votes57,7352.6265,6262.97
Total votes2,204,884100.002,206,112100.00
Registered voters/turnout2,402,16091.792,402,13591.84
Source: Nohlen

Distribution by department

References

  1. ↑ Dieter Nohlen (2005) Elections in the Americas: A data handbook, Volume II, p494 ISBN 978-0-19-928358-3
  2. 1 2 URUGUAY: parliamentary elections Camara de Senadores, 1999 IPU
  3. ↑ Uruguay: 1999 Presidential Election, first round Political Database of the Americas
  4. ↑ Uruguay: 1999 Presidential Election, second round Political Database of the Americas
  5. ↑ Clifford Knauss (November 29, 1999). "Ruling Party Wins Election For President In Uruguay". The New York Times.
  6. ↑ Electoral systems and democracy. Diamond, Larry Jay., Plattner, Marc F., 1945-. Baltimore: Johns Hopkins University Press. 2006. ISBN 0801884748. OCLC 69241465.{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: others (link)
  7. ↑ Senate: Electoral system IPU
  8. ↑ Chamber of Deputies: Electoral system IPU
  9. ↑ Cason, Jeffrey W. (April 2000). "Electoral Reform and Stability in Uruguay". Journal of Democracy. 11 (2): 85–98. doi:10.1353/jod.2000.0032. S2CID 155050280.
  10. ↑ Casas-Zamora, Kevin. "State funding and campaign finance practices in Uruguay". Cuadernos del CLAEH. 1 (SE). ISSN 0797-6062.
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