1995 Ontario general election
June 8, 1995
130 seats in the 36th Legislative Assembly of Ontario
66 seats needed for a majority
Turnout63.00% (Decrease1.45pp)[1]
  First party Second party Third party
 
OLP
Leader Mike Harris Lyn McLeod Bob Rae
Party Progressive Conservative Liberal New Democratic
Leader since May 12, 1990 February 9, 1992 February 7, 1982
Leader's seat Nipissing Fort William York South
Last election 20 36 74
Seats won 82 30 17
Seat change Increase62 Decrease6 Decrease57
Popular vote 1,870,110 1,291,326 854,163
Percentage 44.8% 31.1% 20.6%
Swing Increase21.3pp Decrease1.3pp Decrease17.0pp
Popular vote by riding. As this is an FPTP election, seat totals are not determined by popular vote, but instead via results by each riding. Click the map for more details.
Premier before election

Bob Rae
New Democratic

 Premier after election

Mike Harris
Progressive Conservative

The 1995 Ontario general election was held on June 8, 1995, to elect members of the 36th Legislative Assembly of the province of Ontario, Canada. The writs for the election were dropped on April 28, 1995.

The governing New Democratic Party, led by Premier Bob Rae, was defeated by voters, who were angry with the actions of the Rae government, such as its unpopular hiring quotas and the Social Contract legislation in 1993.[2] These policies caused the NDP to lose much of its base in organized labour, further reducing support for the party. At the 1993 federal election, the NDP tumbled to less than seven percent support, and lost all 11 of its federal seats in Ontario. By the time the writs were dropped for the 1995 provincial election, it was obvious that the NDP would not be reelected.

Riding name change

Acts were passed in 1991 and 1993, providing for the following name changes to ridings:

Campaign

The Liberal Party under Lyn McLeod had been leading in the polls for most of the period from 1992 to 1995, and were generally favoured to benefit from the swing in support away from the NDP. However, the party hurt its credibility through a series of high-profile policy reversals in the period leading up to the election. The most notable of these occurred when McLeod withdrew Liberal support from the Equality Rights Statute Amendment Act (Bill 167) introduced by the NDP government in 1994, which would have provided same-sex couples with rights and obligations mostly equal to those of opposite-sex common law couples and introduced a form of civil unions. Her decision was seen as cynical and opportunistic in light of the Liberals' earlier rural by-election loss in the socially conservative riding of Victoria—Haliburton. This gave the McLeod Liberals a reputation for "flip-flopping" and inconsistency while offending its socially progressive supporters.

The Progressive Conservative Party, led by Mike Harris, found success with its Common Sense Revolution campaign to cut personal income taxes, social assistance (welfare) rates, and government spending dramatically. Roughly half of his party's seats came from the more affluent regions of the Greater Toronto Area (GTA), especially the suburban belt surrounding Metro Toronto, often called the '905' for its telephone area code.

In addition, by presenting himself as a populist, representing "ordinary Ontarians" over "special interests", Harris was able to build Tory support among working-class voters. Although there were regional variations, many working-class voters shifted directly from the NDP to the Tories during the election, enabling the latter to win formerly NDP ridings such as Cambridge and Oshawa.

The televised party leaders' debate is often regarded as the turning point of the campaign. During the event, McLeod further alienated many voters with an overly aggressive performance. Harris used his time to speak directly to the camera to convey his party's Common Sense Revolution platform, virtually ignoring all questions asked of him by Rae and McLeod and avoiding getting caught up in their debate. Since Liberal support was regarded by many political insiders as soft and unsteady, many voters who were previously leaning to the Liberals shifted to the Progressive Conservatives after the debate.

Opinion polls

Evolution of voting intentions at provincial level
Polling firm Last day
of survey		 Source PCO OLP ONDP Other ME Sample
Election 1995 June 8, 1995 44.8 31.1 20.6 3.5
Gallup June 4, 1995 [6] 42 35 20 — 3.1 —
Angus Reid May 1995 [7] 44 34 20 — 3.2 1,000
Angus Reid May 1995 [7] 41 36 21 — 3.2 1,000
May 24, 1995 [8] 37 33 ~25 — — 400
Compas May 1995 [9] 36 40 21 — 4.5 507
Environics May 1995 [10] 26 52 17 — 3 —
Election called (April 28, 1995)[11]

During the 35th Parliament of Ontario

Evolution of voting intentions at provincial level
Polling firm Last day
of survey		 Source PCO OLP ONDP Other ME Sample
Angus Reid April 1995 [11] 28 46 21 — — —
Comquest Research March 1995 [12] 30 34 36 — — —
Angus Reid January 1990 [13] 27 45 20 9 4.5 1,007
Environics June 25, 1992 [14] 28 42 25 — 3.2 1,000
Environics March 1992 [14] 28 43 23 — — —
Environics June 1991 [15] 23 36 34 — — —
Environics December 30, 1990 [16] 15 24 58 — 3.2 1,030
Environics October 1990 [17] 18 27 51 — 3.2 1,007
Election 1990 September 6, 1990 23.5 32.4 37.6 6.5

Results

Summary

The Ontario Legislature after the 1995 election.

The Progressive Conservatives won a majority while the Liberals finished with less support than they had in the 1990 election. The NDP, despite improving their standing in some Northern Ontario ridings, were heavily defeated, falling to 17 seats and third party status. The New Democrats would remain the third party until 2018 when they returned to Official Opposition status. McLeod and Rae resigned their party leadership posts not long after the campaign. It was also the worst result for an incumbent Ontario governing party up to that time and would remain so until 2018 when the NDP finally surpassed the then-governing Liberals.

One independent candidate was elected: Peter North in the riding of Elgin. North had been elected in 1990 as a New Democrat, but left the NDP and declared his intention to run as a Progressive Conservative. The PC Party did not accept him as a candidate, however.

At least five unregistered parties fielded candidates in this election, appearing on the ballot as independents:

Overall

[1]

Elections to the 36th Parliament of Ontario (1995)
Political party Party leader MPPs Votes
Candidates 1990 1995 ± # ± % ± (pp)
Progressive Conservative Mike Harris 130208262Increase1,870,110925,546Increase44.97%21.46Increase
Liberal Lyn McLeod 13036306Decrease1,291,32610,808Decrease31.05%1.35Decrease
New Democratic Bob Rae 130741757Decrease854,163655,343Decrease20.54%17.03Decrease
Independent 60–11Increase33,07719,770Increase0.80%0.46Increase
Family Coalition Donald Pennell 55–––61,65749,174Decrease1.48%1.28Decrease
Natural Law Ron Parker 68–––18,32618,326Increase0.44%New
Green Frank de Jong 37–––14,10815,989Decrease0.34%0.41Decrease
Libertarian John Shadbolt 18–––6,085(18,528Decrease0.15%0.47Decrease
Freedom Jack Plant 12–––4,5321,483Decrease0.11%0.04Decrease
Confederation of Regions 6–––3,97171,902Decrease0.10%1.79Decrease
Communist Darrell Rankin 5–––1,015124Decrease0.02%–
Total 651130 130 4,158,370 100.00%
Rejected ballots 42,152 10,423Decrease
Voter turnout 4,200,522 129,868Increase 63.00 1.45Decrease
Registered electors 6,667,798 351,849Increase
    Seats and popular vote by party
    PartySeatsVotesChange (pp)
    █ Progressive Conservative
    82 / 130
    44.97%
    		21.46 21.46
     
    █ Liberal
    30 / 130
    31.05%
    		-1.35
     
    █ New Democratic
    17 / 130
    20.54%
    		-17.03
     
    █ Independent
    1 / 130
    0.80%
    		0.46 0.46
     
    █ Family Coalition
    0 / 130
    1.48%
    		-1.28
     
    █ Confederation of Regions
    0 / 130
    0.10%
    		-1.79
     
    █ Other
    0 / 130
    1.06%
    		-0.47
     

    Synopsis of results

    Results by riding - 1995 Ontario general election[1]
    Riding Winning party Turnout
    [a 1]    		 Votes[a 2]
    Name[a 3][a 4] 1990 Party Votes Share Margin
    #    		 Margin
    %    		 PC Lib NDP FCP Ind Other Total
     
    Algoma NDP NDP 6,19044.47%1,58811.41%64.02%4,6023,1286,190–––13,920
    Algoma—Manitoulin Lib Lib 7,23846.96%2,05413.33%59.33%5,1847,2382,991–––15,413
    Beaches—Woodbine NDP NDP 10,86242.44%2,93911.48%67.14%7,9236,15810,862–31933125,593
    Brampton North Lib PC 20,14849.47%5,34813.13%59.17%20,14814,8005,288––49440,730
    Brampton South Lib PC 21,85949.67%6,62215.05%59.78%21,85915,2375,6761,011–22944,012
    Brantford NDP PC 13,74541.01%3,3279.93%59.90%13,74510,4188,165762–43033,520
    Brant—Haldimand Lib PC 14,18447.81%3,59512.12%61.67%14,18410,5893,0301,340–52729,670
    Bruce Lib PC 13,68042.70%2,6768.35%69.34%13,68011,0044,2692,787–29632,036
    Burlington South PC PC 24,83172.56%19,41656.73%69.20%24,8315,4153,507470––34,223
    Cambridge NDP PC 17,26946.93%5,47214.87%59.56%17,2695,60611,7971,690433–36,795
    Carleton PC PC 28,34964.96%18,60642.64%62.05%28,3499,7434,046942–55843,638
    Carleton East Lib Lib 17,78048.19%4,20911.41%60.34%13,57117,7804,783––75836,892
    Chatham—Kent NDP PC 10,46136.29%5461.89%58.54%10,4619,9157,4441,008––28,828
    Cochrane North NDP NDP 6,93545.62%1,98313.04%58.96%3,3164,9526,935–––15,203
    Cochrane South NDP NDP 12,11452.45%5,52723.93%60.36%6,5874,05812,114–339–23,098
    Cornwall Lib Lib 14,50759.70%6,66927.44%55.53%7,83814,5071,719––23624,300
    Don Mills NDP PC 14,89753.36%7,29026.11%66.09%14,8977,6074,569–36248427,919
    Dovercourt NDP NDP 9,04947.23%3,48818.20%63.22%3,5605,5619,049–26173019,161
    Downsview NDP Lib 9,14239.48%3601.55%63.90%4,4449,1428,782–57221723,157
    Dufferin—Peel PC PC 23,23966.00%14,73841.86%65.37%23,2398,5013,470–––35,210
    Durham Centre NDP PC 25,10758.34%15,29935.55%65.02%25,1079,8088,120–––43,035
    Durham East NDP PC 24,30361.79%15,78440.13%63.79%24,3036,5128,519–––39,334
    Durham West NDP PC 29,23254.58%15,25828.49%63.83%29,23213,9749,444–904–53,554
    Durham—York NDP PC 25,01860.40%16,97040.97%63.45%25,0187,5128,048845––41,423
    Eglinton Lib PC 17,49648.82%4,59212.81%73.65%17,49612,9044,597–12372035,840
    Elgin NDP Ind 12,43637.79%1,7765.40%61.17%10,6605,8013,445–12,43656532,907
    Essex-Kent NDP Lib 10,13037.01%1,7466.38%58.85%8,38410,1307,8371,022––27,373
    Essex South Lib Lib 14,51354.48%8,78332.97%50.91%5,73014,5134,3481,550–49826,639
    Etobicoke—Humber Lib PC 18,12851.26%4,49412.71%73.35%18,12813,6343,100–30819635,366
    Etobicoke—Lakeshore NDP PC 14,87945.23%5,80517.65%66.55%14,8799,0748,279–18647932,897
    Etobicoke—Rexdale NDP PC 9,52136.57%8533.28%59.51%9,5217,1738,668–48818826,038
    Etobicoke West PC PC 18,34955.30%8,52325.69%70.68%18,3499,8264,608––39933,182
    Fort William Lib Lib 15,68157.32%8,56531.31%63.29%7,11615,6814,561–––27,358
    Fort York NDP NDP 10,76241.02%2,2808.69%64.86%6,0258,48210,762–26969926,237
    Frontenac—Addington NDP PC 12,21138.52%1,9626.19%62.52%12,21110,2497,3021,40441612131,703
    Grey—Owen Sound PC PC 25,13863.21%16,87642.44%65.58%25,1388,2623,4132,08270317039,768
    Guelph NDP PC 17,20442.55%5,74514.21%66.31%17,20411,45910,2781,03518726540,428
    Halton Centre Lib PC 30,62161.41%16,64433.38%69.06%30,62113,9775,268–––49,866
    Halton North NDP PC 19,24760.90%12,67940.12%66.58%19,2476,5684,3621,239–18731,603
    Hamilton Centre NDP NDP 8,01236.81%6903.17%54.71%5,7237,3228,012376–33121,764
    Hamilton East NDP Lib 11,08843.55%4,04615.89%57.85%6,26311,0887,042681–38925,463
    Hamilton Mountain NDP PC 13,85236.60%1,0282.72%64.41%13,85212,8249,8371,329––37,842
    Hamilton West NDP PC 13,30140.54%4,03412.29%67.00%13,3018,9119,267880–45332,812
    Hastings—Peterborough NDP PC 16,18754.17%7,85926.30%67.44%16,1874,0568,3281,002–30829,881
    High Park—Swansea NDP PC 10,55938.77%1,6606.10%70.36%10,5597,1218,899––65427,233
    Huron NDP PC 13,34346.16%6,33421.91%70.00%13,3437,0096,9271,418207–28,904
    Kenora Lib Lib 9,15253.72%4,05523.80%52.02%5,0979,1522,788–––17,037
    Kingston and the Islands NDP Lib 10,31436.90%1,7436.24%61.08%8,57110,3148,052858–15527,950
    Kitchener NDP PC 13,37440.15%3,38210.15%60.12%13,3749,9926,9982,111835–33,310
    Kitchener—Wilmot NDP PC 17,39245.70%7,28619.14%59.07%17,39210,1068,1462,415––38,059
    Lake Nipigon NDP NDP 5,07942.99%1,61613.68%54.99%3,2733,4635,079–––11,815
    Lambton NDP PC 12,03443.58%4,10914.88%64.70%12,0347,9255,0552,184–41727,615
    Lanark—Renfrew PC PC 19,95955.79%10,00327.96%59.87%19,9599,9563,4557455571,10435,776
    Lawrence Lib Lib 11,78445.88%3,82914.91%65.08%7,95511,7845,000––94425,683
    Leeds—Grenville PC PC 21,76363.27%12,80837.23%63.06%21,7638,9552,316–43892734,399
    Lincoln NDP PC 18,70950.68%7,83321.22%68.09%18,70910,8765,8001,241–28836,914
    London Centre NDP NDP 11,09636.77%1,7325.74%53.26%9,3647,55911,0961,041–1,11930,179
    London North PC PC 23,19552.65%12,08327.43%64.73%23,19511,1128,167777–80044,051
    London South NDP PC 18,16144.35%7,43218.15%61.88%18,16110,69310,72938732365340,946
    Markham PC PC 37,31464.81%26,54446.10%62.80%37,31410,7707,7791,088–62657,577
    Middlesex NDP PC 15,68440.35%5,23613.47%64.67%15,68410,4488,7993,481–45838,870
    Mississauga East Lib PC 16,46852.07%6,42920.33%60.38%16,46810,0395,120–––31,627
    Mississauga North Lib PC 22,09547.76%4,4149.54%57.37%22,09517,6815,283––1,20646,265
    Mississauga South PC PC 23,11669.76%17,56553.01%65.39%23,1165,5513,282–59659033,135
    Mississauga West Lib PC 26,61446.21%3,3395.80%60.33%26,61423,2756,758––95257,599
    Muskoka—Georgian Bay NDP PC 17,86451.79%9,76928.32%65.50%17,8648,0957,742–38141134,493
    Nepean Lib PC 17,51049.66%3,93511.16%64.97%17,51013,5753,274––90135,260
    Niagara Falls NDP PC 12,13243.33%3,84313.73%59.48%12,1328,2897,034–18935527,999
    Niagara South NDP PC 8,81538.24%1,1815.12%60.14%8,8157,6345,376536688–23,049
    Nickel Belt NDP NDP 8,00746.54%2,45814.29%64.70%3,3055,5498,007–22511917,205
    Nipissing PC PC 18,72260.48%10,83735.01%63.68%18,7227,8854,350–––30,957
    Norfolk NDP PC 17,33548.68%7,92222.24%64.14%17,3359,4137,893972––35,613
    Northumberland Lib PC 19,35952.14%6,12616.50%67.13%19,35913,2334,539–––37,131
    Oakville South PC PC 21,68963.34%13,21038.58%71.08%21,6898,4792,9731,103––34,244
    Oakwood NDP Lib 8,59942.31%9754.80%65.74%3,2988,5997,624–30150420,326
    Oriole Lib Lib 11,16443.70%1,0344.05%68.39%10,13011,1643,665–24334225,544
    Oshawa NDP PC 16,79354.33%8,34326.99%57.66%16,7935,6668,450–––30,909
    Ottawa Centre NDP Lib 11,15039.26%1,7126.03%63.88%6,71511,1509,438–17392428,400
    Ottawa East Lib Lib 14,43656.94%9,06835.77%53.21%5,36814,4364,818–13659625,354
    Ottawa—Rideau Lib PC 14,79645.11%1,5234.64%61.29%14,79613,2734,138––59032,797
    Ottawa South Lib Lib 15,41853.35%6,80023.53%66.51%8,61815,4184,235––62828,899
    Ottawa West Lib Lib 14,51645.48%1,6185.07%64.43%12,89814,5163,718–24154431,917
    Oxford NDP PC 17,56849.48%8,06722.72%64.02%17,5686,5649,5011,061–80935,503
    Parkdale Lib Lib 8,43547.87%2,64014.98%64.03%2,8878,4355,795––50517,622
    Parry Sound PC PC 15,52365.47%10,70245.14%63.57%15,5234,8213,367–––23,711
    Perth NDP PC 13,73544.81%5,29017.26%62.90%13,7357,7228,445–32642730,655
    Peterborough NDP PC 22,73552.66%12,40928.74%66.23%22,73510,3267,5812,064–46443,170
    Port Arthur NDP Lib 14,28148.92%6,79123.26%61.91%6,55414,2817,490683182–29,190
    Prescott and Russell Lib Lib 24,80855.68%11,17125.07%56.64%13,63724,8084,472–5641,07244,553
    Prince Edward—Lennox—South Hastings NDP PC 14,14449.61%6,34622.26%60.04%14,1447,7985,996––57128,509
    Quinte Lib PC 13,96147.28%2,1357.23%58.79%13,96111,8263,743–––29,530
    Rainy River NDP NDP 4,91239.93%2051.67%63.98%4,7072,6834,912–––12,302
    Renfrew North Lib Lib 16,04453.32%6,36321.15%61.00%9,68116,0442,4831,695–18730,090
    Riverdale NDP NDP 10,94846.88%4,60019.70%64.66%6,3485,44310,948–27334123,353
    St. Andrew—St. Patrick NDP PC 13,09240.43%3,67911.36%67.16%13,0929,4139,231––64932,385
    St. Catharines Lib Lib 13,76146.53%2,2757.69%64.58%11,48613,7613,929245–15329,574
    St. Catharines—Brock NDP PC 11,97647.02%4,60318.07%62.56%11,9767,3735,521598––25,468
    St. George—St. David Lib PC 10,66233.87%3371.07%70.61%10,66210,3259,672–42439231,475
    Sarnia NDP PC 9,26033.81%6342.31%61.31%9,2608,6267,4871,642376–27,391
    Sault Ste. Marie NDP NDP 15,39243.33%3,72010.47%62.24%7,69911,67215,392––75735,520
    Scarborough—Agincourt Lib Lib 13,47246.08%2,1357.30%61.37%11,33713,4724,112––31329,234
    Scarborough Centre NDP PC 12,71745.88%5,55420.04%63.35%12,7177,1636,841–64934927,719
    Scarborough East NDP PC 19,16655.72%11,95434.75%64.69%19,1667,1977,212–27055334,398
    Scarborough—Ellesmere NDP PC 13,28247.89%5,37619.38%64.95%13,2825,6027,906––94727,737
    Scarborough North Lib Lib 15,50746.08%4,99914.85%58.67%10,50815,5076,431369–84033,655
    Scarborough West NDP PC 11,77343.13%2,5579.37%64.33%11,7735,3269,216–25473027,299
    Simcoe Centre NDP PC 29,79058.25%17,72934.67%63.06%29,79012,0617,65576928458051,139
    Simcoe East PC PC 23,48960.97%14,44537.50%66.52%23,4899,0444,849–87626638,524
    Simcoe West PC PC 24,34668.24%18,84752.83%63.01%24,3465,4994,937894––35,676
    S-D-G & East Grenville PC PC 18,88464.69%11,29038.68%62.48%18,8847,5942,285––42829,191
    Sudbury NDP Lib 12,34940.66%3,65112.02%62.10%8,09312,3498,698–62960530,374
    Sudbury East NDP NDP 11,23637.09%1,6425.42%62.30%8,6809,59411,236–47331030,293
    Timiskaming Lib Lib 8,64346.78%2,45813.30%64.13%6,1858,6432,962––68518,475
    Victoria—Haliburton NDP PC 25,26768.42%18,98751.41%66.16%25,2676,2804,21037864315136,929
    Waterloo North PC PC 25,75759.42%17,02839.29%62.32%25,7578,7296,8691,714–27543,344
    Welland-Thorold NDP NDP 12,84842.71%4,21814.02%65.22%8,0898,63012,848––51730,084
    Wellington PC PC 21,75366.70%16,04749.20%65.00%21,7535,7064,104782–26932,614
    Wentworth East NDP PC 15,88844.50%3,60610.10%64.56%15,88812,2826,667–863–35,700
    Wentworth North NDP PC 21,16555.65%10,77228.32%70.97%21,16510,3936,474–––38,032
    Willowdale PC PC 18,83453.99%8,96425.70%68.94%18,8349,8704,825–71563934,883
    Wilson Heights Lib Lib 12,46844.64%2,6969.65%62.76%9,77212,4684,61223110974127,933
    Windsor—Riverside NDP NDP 12,34745.70%2,93510.86%54.02%4,4409,41212,347459–36227,020
    Windsor—Sandwich NDP Lib 11,94047.12%5,52621.81%50.11%5,70411,9406,41461041026325,341
    Windsor—Walkerville NDP Lib 10,28141.28%3801.53%52.54%3,61010,2819,901957–15624,905
    York Centre Lib PC 37,89748.94%8,74711.30%60.80%37,89729,1506,6981,891–1,79277,428
    York East NDP PC 12,78941.65%3,26310.63%69.59%12,7897,3989,526–74824330,704
    York Mills PC PC 18,85263.58%11,53438.90%69.31%18,8527,3182,930––55329,653
    York—Mackenzie Lib PC 25,90458.33%11,93126.86%67.21%25,90413,9733,611498–42544,411
    York South NDP NDP 10,44241.24%2,71610.73%69.13%7,7266,02510,44230517065325,321
    Yorkview NDP Lib 9,24546.97%2,79814.22%60.99%3,9899,2456,447–––19,681
    1. ↑ including spoilt ballots
    2. ↑ minor political parties receiving less than 1% of the popular vote are aggregated under "Other"; independent candidates are aggregated separately
    3. ↑ order is as given in EO reports
    4. ↑ Names are as specified in 1976 Act plus 1990 amendment - EO file has errors
      = open seat
      = turnout is above provincial average
      = winning candidate was in previous Legislature
      = not incumbent; was previously elected to the Legislature
      = incumbent had switched allegiance
      = incumbency arose from byelection gain
      = previously incumbent in another riding
      = other incumbents renominated
      = previously an MP in the House of Commons of Canada
      = multiple candidates

    Analysis

    Party candidates in 2nd place[1]
    Party in 1st placeParty in 2nd placeTotal
    PCLibNDP
    Progressive Conservative 671582
    Liberal 201030
    New Democratic 71017
    Independent 11
    Total 287725130
    Candidates ranked 1st to 5th place, by party[1]
    Parties1st2nd3rd4th5th
    █ Progressive Conservative 822820
    █ Liberal 307723
    █ New Democratic 1725871
    █ Independent 12020
    █ Family Coalition 504
    █ Green 1516
    █ Natural Law 1232
    █ Confederation of Regions 5
    █ Libertarian 48
    █ Freedom 44
    █ Communist 3
    Resulting composition of the 36th Legislative Assembly[1]
    SourceParty
    PC Lib NDP Ind Total
    Seats retainedIncumbents returned 19181754
    Open seats held 112
    Seats changing handsIncumbents defeated 53962
    Open seats gained 729
    Byelection gain held 22
    Incumbent changing allegiance 11
    Total 8230171130

    MPPs elected by region and riding

    Party designations are as follows:

      PC
      Liberal
      NDP




    See also

    References

    1. 1 2 3 4 5 6 "1995 general election results". Elections Ontario. Retrieved December 22, 2023.
    2. ↑ Bakan, Abigail (2003). "Ontario: Lessons of the Rise and Fall of Employment Equity Legislation from the Perspective of Rights Advocacy". ResearchGate – via ResearchGate.
    3. ↑ Representation Amendment Act, 1991, S.O. 1991, c. 2
    4. ↑ Representation Amendment Act, 1993, S.O. 1993, c. 6
    5. ↑ Representation Amendment Act, 1993 (No. 2), S.O. 1993, c. 30
    6. ↑ "Harris confident he'll become premier after today's vote: Poll shows Tories holding lead in final week with NDP in third". The Globe and Mail. June 8, 1995. p. A13.
    7. 1 2 Campbell, Murray; Mittselstaedt, Martin (June 5, 1995). "Harris lays out legislative timetable: Polls suggest Tory majority". The Globe and Mail. p. A1.
    8. ↑ "Tories ahead in new NDP poll: Liberal Party says it still has the lead". The Globe and Mail. May 16, 1995. p. A8.
    9. ↑ Rusk, James (May 24, 1995). "Tories' rise pleases Rae: Poll indicates sharp Grit fall". The Globe and Mail. p. A1.
    10. ↑ Rusk, James (May 15, 1995). "Race watchers hope debate will jolt yawners: Many voters delay final choice because they already know which party they don't want". The Globe and Mail. p. A10.
    11. 1 2 Mittelstaedt, Martin (April 29, 1995). "Rae calls June 8 Ontario election: Raucous campaign predicted as parties face quirky voters seeking solutions on jobs, deficit". The Globe and Mail. p. A1.
    12. ↑ Rusk, James (April 1, 1995). "NDP hastens to exploit opportunity offered by McLeod". The Globe and Mail. p. A7.
    13. ↑ "Liberals keep lead in polls". The Globe and Mail. January 26, 1995. p. A6.
    14. 1 2 "NDP slumps to third spot, survey shows: Advisers finger auto insurance, Sunday shopping and Martel scandal for slide in popularity". The Globe and Mail. July 7, 1992. p. A6.
    15. ↑ Allen, Gene (September 3, 1991). "Ontario New Democrats take stock". The Globe and Mail. p. A4.
    16. ↑ "NDP support up sharply, poll finds". The Globe and Mail. January 19, 1991. p. A4.
    17. ↑ Allen, Gene (October 24, 1990). "Will hold NDP to its promises, Nixon pledges: Vows Liberals won't be obstructive". The Globe and Mail. p. A8.
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