The first elections to the Carmarthenshire County Council were held on 4 May 1995. It was followed by the 1999 election. Results are drawn from the national[1] and local[2] press.
Overview
Party | Seats | Gains | Losses | Net gain/loss | Seats % | Votes % | Votes | +/− | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Labour | |||||||||
Conservative | 1 | ||||||||
Liberal Democrats | |||||||||
Plaid Cymru | |||||||||
Independent | |||||||||
Independent Labour | |||||||||
Ratepayers | |||||||||
Green | |||||||||
Other parties |
Results
Abergwili (one seat)
Party | Candidate | Votes | % | ±% | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Independent | Pamela Palmer* | 671 | 72.5 | ||
Plaid Cymru | Frances Dixon | 254 | 27.5 | ||
Majority | 417 | 45.0 | |||
Independent hold | Swing | ||||
Ammanford (one seat)
Party | Candidate | Votes | % | ±% | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Independent | Llynfa Thomas* | 304 | 50.4 | ||
Labour | Shireen Davies | 299 | 49.6 | ||
Majority | 5 | 0.8 | |||
Independent hold | Swing | ||||
Betws (one seat)
Party | Candidate | Votes | % | ±% | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Labour | John Dorian Evans | 442 | 65.2 | ||
Plaid Cymru | Brian Vaughan | 200 | 29.5 | ||
Independent | William Thomas | 36 | 5.3 | ||
Majority | 242 | 35.7 | |||
Labour hold | Swing | ||||
Bigyn (three seats)
Party | Candidate | Votes | % | ±% | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Labour | Martin Morris | 1,090 | 22.6 | ||
Labour | Sandra Cooke | 924 | 19.2 | ||
Labour | David Prothero | 902 | 18.7 | ||
Independent | William J Marks* | 693 | 14.4 | ||
Liberal Democrats | Margaret N Burree* | 676 | 14 | ||
Independent | Richard John* | 531 | 11 | ||
Labour gain from Independent | Swing | ||||
Labour gain from Liberal Democrats | Swing | ||||
Labour gain from Independent | Swing | ||||
Burry Port (two seats)
Party | Candidate | Votes | % | ±% | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Liberal Democrats | Keith Evans* | 1,014 | 34.2 | ||
Liberal Democrats | George W. West* | 693 | 23.4 | ||
Plaid Cymru | David Nolan | 501 | 16.9 | ||
Labour | Lawrence Jenkins | 397 | 13.4 | ||
Labour | Paul Davies | 356 | 12 | ||
Liberal Democrats win (new seat) | |||||
Liberal Democrats win (new seat) |
Bynea (one seat)
Party | Candidate | Votes | % | ±% | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Labour | Thomas Bowen* | 533 | 71.4 | ||
Independent Green | Marcus Hughes* | 320 | 28.6 | ||
Majority | 213 | 42.8 | |||
Labour gain from Independent Green | Swing | ||||
Carmarthen Town North (two seats)
Party | Candidate | Votes | % | ±% | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Labour | Kenneth Maynard | 1,431 | 38.9 | ||
Independent | David Merriman* | 1,117 | 30.4 | ||
Labour | Douglas Rose | 849 | 23.1 | ||
Conservative | Jane Jones | 279 | 7.6 | ||
Labour win (new seat) | |||||
Independent win (new seat) |
Carmarthen Town South (two seats)
Party | Candidate | Votes | % | ±% | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Liberal Democrats | Margaret Evans* | 982 | 39.7 | ||
Labour | Russell Davies* | 808 | 32.7 | ||
Independent | Richard Goodridge | 682 | 27.6 | ||
Liberal Democrats hold | Swing | ||||
Labour gain from Independent | Swing | ||||
Carmarthen Town West (two seats)
Party | Candidate | Votes | % | ±% | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Labour | Sioned-Mair Richards* | 694 | 24.5 | ||
Independent | William Gwynoro Jones* | 611 | 21.5 | ||
Labour | Judy Stenger* | 564 | 19.9 | ||
Plaid Cymru | Dewi Williams | 471 | 16.6 | ||
Independent | Agnes Dunbar | 295 | 10.4 | ||
Liberal Democrats | Dominic Alessio | 136 | 4.8 | ||
Green | Brian Kingzett | 67 | 2.4 | ||
Labour win (new seat) | |||||
Independent win (new seat) |
Cenarth (one seat)
Party | Candidate | Votes | % | ±% | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Independent | Alan Wyndham Jones | Unopposed | |||
Independent hold | Swing | ||||
Clynderwen (one seat)
Party | Candidate | Votes | % | ±% | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Independent | James Morgan* | unopposed | |||
Independent hold | Swing | ||||
Cross Hands (one seat)
Party | Candidate | Votes | % | ±% | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Independent Labour | Philip Davies* | 383 | 63.4 | ||
Labour | George Davies | 221 | 36.6 | ||
Majority | 162 | 26.8 | |||
Independent Labour gain from Labour | Swing | ||||
Cynwyl Elfed (one seat)
Party | Candidate | Votes | % | ±% | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Independent | William Thomas* | unopposed | |||
Independent hold | Swing | ||||
Cynwyl Gaeo and Llanwrda /Talley (one seat)
Party | Candidate | Votes | % | ±% | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Independent | Thomas Theophilus* | 782 | 69.3 | ||
Independent | W.G. Rees | 137 | 12.1 | ||
Liberal Democrats | J.P. Doubell | 105 | 9.3 | ||
Green | Tim Shaw | 105 | 9.3 | ||
Majority | 645 | 57.2 | |||
Independent win (new seat) |
Dafen (one seat)
Party | Candidate | Votes | % | ±% | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Labour | Vernon Warlow | 477 | 52.7 | ||
Independent Green | Brian Stringer* | 428 | 47.3 | ||
Majority | 49 | 5.4 | |||
Labour win (new seat) |
Elli (one seat)
Party | Candidate | Votes | % | ±% | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Labour | Stephen James* | 585 | 49.7 | ||
Conservative | Robert Buckland | 380 | 32.3 | ||
Liberal Democrats | Nicholas C. Burree | 211 | 18.0 | ||
Majority | 205 | 17.4 | |||
Labour win (new seat) |
Felinfoel (one seat)
Party | Candidate | Votes | % | ±% | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Labour | Henry Evans* | unopposed | |||
Labour hold | Swing | ||||
Garnant (one seat)
Party | Candidate | Votes | % | ±% | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Labour | Kevin Madge* | 668 | 83.7 | ||
Plaid Cymru | Emyr Williams | 130 | 16.3 | ||
Majority | 538 | 67.4 | |||
Labour win (new seat) |
Glanaman (one seat)
Party | Candidate | Votes | % | ±% | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Labour | David Harris* | 753 | 80.4 | ||
Plaid Cymru | David Davies | 184 | 19.6 | ||
Majority | 569 | 60.8 | |||
Labour win (new seat) |
Glanymor (two seats)
Party | Candidate | Votes | % | ±% | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Labour | David James* | 1,126 | 38.0 | ||
Labour | Gerald Meyler | 853 | 28.8 | ||
Independent Labour | Kenneth Davies* | 665 | 22.4 | ||
Independent | Matilda Jones snr. | 171 | 5.8 | ||
Independent | Alison Price | 149 | 5.0 | ||
Labour hold | Swing | ||||
Labour hold | Swing | ||||
Glyn (one seat)
Party | Candidate | Votes | % | ±% | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Labour | Howard Jones | 407 | 42.1 | ||
Independent Labour | Thomas Jones | 368 | 38.1 | ||
Liberal Democrats | Dynfor Owens* | 192 | 19.8 | ||
Majority | 39 | 4.0 | |||
Labour gain from Liberal Democrats | Swing | ||||
Gorslas (two seats)
Party | Candidate | Votes | % | ±% | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Labour | Ryan Jones* | 1,257 | 39.0 | ||
Ratepayer | William Wyn Evans | 1,085 | 33.7 | ||
Labour | M.E. Janes | 737 | 22.9 | ||
Conservative | D.W. Thomas | 140 | 4.3 | ||
Majority | |||||
Labour hold | Swing | ||||
Ratepayer hold | Swing |
Hendy (one seat)
Party | Candidate | Votes | % | ±% | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Plaid Cymru | Henry Williams | 625 | 53.1 | ||
Labour | Austin R. Welsby | 552 | 46.9 | ||
Majority | 73 | 6.2 | |||
Plaid Cymru hold | Swing | ||||
Hengoed (two seats)
Party | Candidate | Votes | % | ±% | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Labour | Peter Williams | 657 | 27.8 | ||
Labour | Kenneth Edwards | 593 | 25.1 | ||
Plaid Cymru | John Jones | 578 | 24.5 | ||
Independent | Denis Woolley* | 376 | 15.9 | ||
Liberal Democrats | Kirsty Williams | 159 | 6.7 | ||
Majority | |||||
Labour hold | Swing | ||||
Labour hold | Swing | ||||
Kidwelly (one seat)
Party | Candidate | Votes | % | ±% | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Independent Labour | Gwilym Jones* | 864 | 58.1 | ||
Labour | Hywel Rees | 623 | 41.9 | ||
Majority | 241 | 16.2 | |||
Independent Labour gain from Labour | Swing | ||||
Laugharne Township (one seat)
Party | Candidate | Votes | % | ±% | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Independent | Cyril Roberts* | unopposed | |||
Independent hold | Swing | ||||
Llanboidy (one seat)
Party | Candidate | Votes | % | ±% | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Independent | John Gibbin* | unopposed | |||
Independent hold | Swing | ||||
Llanddarog (one seat)
Party | Candidate | Votes | % | ±% | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Ratepayer | Huw Williams* | unopposed | |||
Ratepayer hold | Swing |
Llanddowror (one seat)
Party | Candidate | Votes | % | ±% | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Conservative | William Davies | unopposed | |||
Conservative gain from Independent | Swing | ||||
Llandeilo, Tywi and Castle (one seat)
Party | Candidate | Votes | % | ±% | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Independent | David Davies | 417 | 53.5 | ||
Labour | Ieuan Gwyn | 222 | 28.5 | ||
Plaid Cymru | M.L. Bowen | 74 | 9.5 | ||
Liberal Democrats | S.K. Doubell | 67 | 8.6 | ||
Majority | 195 | 25.0 | |||
Independent hold | Swing | ||||
Llandovery Town (one seat)
Party | Candidate | Votes | % | ±% | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Plaid Cymru | Denley Owen* | 1,140 | 85.2 | ||
Labour | Vivienne Smith | 198 | 14.8 | ||
Majority | 942 | 70.4 | |||
Plaid Cymru win (new seat) |
Llandybie and Heolddu (two seats)
Party | Candidate | Votes | % | ±% | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Independent | Gerald Earl | 1,047 | 30.6 | ||
Independent | Mary Thomas* | 837 | 24.4 | ||
Labour | Brenda Evans* | 792 | 23.1 | ||
Labour | Herbert Samways* | 647 | 18.9 | ||
Conservative | Henri Davies | 102 | 3.0 | ||
Independent win (new seat) | |||||
Independent win (new seat) |
Llandyfaelog (one seat)
Party | Candidate | Votes | % | ±% | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Plaid Cymru | David John | 326 | 54.2 | ||
Independent | Lydia Stephens | 275 | 45.8 | ||
Majority | 51 | 8.4 | |||
Plaid Cymru gain from Independent | Swing | ||||
Llanegwad and Llanfynydd (one seat)
Party | Candidate | Votes | % | ±% | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Independent | Dillwyn Williams* | 558 | 59.8 | ||
Independent | John James | 375 | 40.2 | ||
Majority | 183 | 19.6 | |||
Independent hold | Swing | ||||
Llanfihangel Aberbythych (one seat)
Party | Candidate | Votes | % | ±% | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Independent | David Jones* | 417 | 57.8 | ||
Liberal Democrats | Roy C. Vivian | 304 | 42.2 | ||
Majority | 113 | 15.6 | |||
Independent hold | Swing | ||||
Llanfihangel-ar-Arth (one seat)
Party | Candidate | Votes | % | ±% | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Plaid Cymru | Fioled Jones | unopposed | |||
Plaid Cymru hold | Swing | ||||
Llangeler (one seat)
Party | Candidate | Votes | % | ±% | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Independent | Thomas Davies* | unopposed | |||
Independent hold | Swing | ||||
Llangennech (two seats)
Party | Candidate | Votes | % | ±% | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Plaid Cymru | William Hopkins | 704 | 27.5 | ||
Labour | Thomas Lewis | 641 | 25.1 | ||
Labour | John Willock | 628 | 24.6 | ||
Plaid Cymru | Meilyr Hughes | 584 | 22.8 | ||
Plaid Cymru gain from Independent | Swing | ||||
Labour hold | Swing | ||||
Llangunnor (one seat)
Party | Candidate | Votes | % | ±% | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Independent | Merlin Jones* | 728 | 57.7 | ||
Independent | Robin Griffiths* | 533 | 42.3 | ||
Majority | 195 | 15.4 | |||
Independent hold | Swing | ||||
Llangyndeyrn (one seat)
Party | Candidate | Votes | % | ±% | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Labour | Philip Evans | 857 | 65.8 | ||
Independent | Robert Beynon* | 445 | 34.2 | ||
Majority | 412 | 31.6 | |||
Labour win (new seat) |
Llansadwrn and Llangadog / Myddfai and Llanddeusant (one seat)
Party | Candidate | Votes | % | ±% | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Independent | Thomas Thomas* | Unopposed | |||
Independent hold | Swing | ||||
Llansteffan (one seat)
Party | Candidate | Votes | % | ±% | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Independent | John Harries | unopposed | |||
Independent hold | Swing | ||||
Llanybydder/Llanllwni (one seat)
Party | Candidate | Votes | % | ±% | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Independent | Ieuan Wyn Davies | 794 | 58.1 | ||
Plaid Cymru | Timothy Davies | 318 | 23.3 | ||
Labour | Gaynor Davies | 200 | 14.6 | ||
Disability Rights | Patricia Stevens-Bevan | 28 | 2 | ||
Liberal Democrats | Alleyne Evans | 26 | 1.9 | ||
Majority | 476 | 34.8 | |||
Independent hold | Swing | ||||
Lliedi (two seats)
Party | Candidate | Votes | % | ±% | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Labour | William Skinner | 869 | 27.7 | ||
Labour | William Thomas | 824 | 26.3 | ||
Liberal Democrats | Elinor Lloyd* | 683 | 21.8 | ||
Liberal Democrats | Kenneth Rees | 549 | 17.5 | ||
Conservative | David James | 214 | 6.8 | ||
Labour gain from Liberal Democrats | Swing | ||||
Labour gain from Independent | Swing | ||||
Llwynhendy (two seats)
Party | Candidate | Votes | % | ±% | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Labour | Donald Davies* | 749 | 35.1 | ||
Labour | Eunydd Thomas | 692 | 32.4 | ||
Independent | John Howell | 534 | 25.0 | ||
Liberal Democrats | Jonathan Burree | 161 | 7.5 | ||
Labour hold | Swing | ||||
Labour hold | Swing | ||||
Manordeilo and Salem / Ffairfach (one seat)
Party | Candidate | Votes | % | ±% | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Independent | John Davies* | 674 | 56.6 | ||
Independent | Hal Jones* | 517 | 43.4 | ||
Majority | 157 | 13.2 | |||
Independent hold | Swing | ||||
Myddynfych (one seat)
Party | Candidate | Votes | % | ±% | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Labour | D. Maldwyn R. Morgan* | 335 | 76.8 | ||
Independent Labour | David Thomas | 101 | 23.2 | ||
Majority | 234 | 53.6 | |||
Labour hold | Swing | ||||
Newchurch (one seat)
Party | Candidate | Votes | % | ±% | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Independent | Henry Jones | unopposed | |||
Independent hold | Swing | ||||
Pantyffynnon (one seat)
Party | Candidate | Votes | % | ±% | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Labour | Michael Evans* | unopposed | |||
Labour hold | Swing | ||||
Pembrey (two seats)
Party | Candidate | Votes | % | ±% | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Labour | Vincent Rees* | 646 | 33.2 | ||
Labour | Trevor Thomas* | 599 | 30.8 | ||
Plaid Cymru | David Williams | 459 | 23.6 | ||
Independent | Raymond Hall | 239 | 12.3 | ||
Labour win (new seat) | |||||
Labour win (new seat) |
Pencarreg (one seat)
Party | Candidate | Votes | % | ±% | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Independent | James Williams | 383 | 63.6 | ||
Labour | David Williams | 219 | 36.4 | ||
Majority | 164 | 27.2 | |||
Independent hold | Swing | ||||
Penygroes (one seat)
Party | Candidate | Votes | % | ±% | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Plaid Cymru | Ceirwyn Davies | 500 | 52.9 | ||
Labour | Evan Davies* | 446 | 47.1 | ||
Majority | 54 | 5.8 | |||
Plaid Cymru win (new seat) |
Pontamman (one seat)
Party | Candidate | Votes | % | ±% | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Labour | Kenneth Rees* | unopposed | |||
Labour hold | Swing | ||||
Pontyberem (one seat)
Party | Candidate | Votes | % | ±% | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Independent Labour | Thomas Edwards | 479 | 34 | ||
Independent | Deris Williams | 408 | 29 | ||
Independent Ratepayer | James Annandale | 269 | 19.1 | ||
Labour | Wendy Evans | 253 | 17.9 | ||
Majority | 71 | 5 | |||
Independent Labour gain from Labour | Swing | ||||
Quarter Bach / Llynfell / Brynamman (one seat)
Party | Candidate | Votes | % | ±% | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Labour | Elwyn Williams* | 722 | 46.6 | ||
Independent | Arthur Jones* | 535 | 34.5 | ||
Plaid Cymru | Kenneth J.G. Maddocks* | 292 | 18.9 | ||
Majority | 187 | 12.1 | |||
Labour win (new seat) |
St Clears (one seat)
Party | Candidate | Votes | % | ±% | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Independent | Arwyn Owen* | 876 | 52 | ||
Independent | David Phillips* | 809 | 48 | ||
Majority | 67 | 4 | |||
Independent hold | Swing | ||||
St Ishmaels (one seat)
Party | Candidate | Votes | % | ±% | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Independent | David Phillips* | unopposed | |||
Independent hold | Swing | ||||
Saron (one seat)
Party | Candidate | Votes | % | ±% | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Labour | Terrence H. Marshall* | 800 | 54.2 | ||
Plaid Cymru | John Davies | 677 | 45.8 | ||
Majority | 123 | 8.4 | |||
Labour hold | Swing | ||||
Swiss Valley (one seat)
Party | Candidate | Votes | % | ±% | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Independent | Patrick Caulfield | 407 | 50.4 | ||
Labour | Nigel Griffiths | 400 | 49.6 | ||
Majority | 7 | 0.8 | |||
Swing | |||||
Trelech (one seat)
Party | Candidate | Votes | % | ±% | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Independent | William Thomas* | unopposed | |||
Independent hold | Swing | ||||
Trimsaran (one seat)
Party | Candidate | Votes | % | ±% | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Independent | Meryl Gravell | 548 | 50.0 | ||
Liberal Democrats | Thomas Cooper | 332 | 30.3 | ||
Labour | David Taylor | 181 | 16.5 | ||
Independent | Denis Carter | 36 | 3.3 | ||
Majority | 216 | 19.7 | |||
Independent hold | Swing | ||||
Tumble (two seats)
Party | Candidate | Votes | % | ±% | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Labour | Terrence Evans* | 866 | 37.9 | ||
Labour | David Richards* | 752 | 33 | ||
Plaid Cymru | Neil Baker | 664 | 29.1 | ||
Labour hold | Swing | ||||
Labour hold | Swing | ||||
Tycroes (one seat)
Party | Candidate | Votes | % | ±% | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Labour | Angus Pugh* | 451 | 50.8 | ||
Plaid Cymru | Hugh Waters | 437 | 49.2 | ||
Majority | 14 | 1.6 | |||
Labour hold | Swing | ||||
Tyisha (two seats)
Party | Candidate | Votes | % | ±% | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Labour | David Neil* | 1,040 | 38.0 | ||
Labour | Harry Palmer* | 958 | 35.0 | ||
Plaid Cymru | Dyfrig Thomas | 739 | 27.0 | ||
Labour hold | Swing | ||||
Labour hold | Swing | ||||
Whitland (one seat)
Party | Candidate | Votes | % | ±% | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Plaid Cymru | Roy Llewellyn | 549 | 75.2 | ||
Independent | Rosemary Jenkins | 181 | 24.8 | ||
Majority | 368 | 50.4 | |||
Plaid Cymru hold | Swing | ||||
By-elections between 1995 and 1999
Penygroes 1996
A by-election was held in the Penygroes ward following the death of Plaid Cymru councillor Ceirwyn Davies. Lynne Davies, who had previously represented the ward on Dinefwr Borough Council from 1976 until 1996 was elected in his place.
Party | Candidate | Votes | % | ±% | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Plaid Cymru | Lynne Davies | 643 | 58.2 | ||
Labour | Evan Bertie Davies | 387 | 35.0 | ||
Liberal Democrats | 75 | 6.8 | |||
Majority | |||||
Turnout | |||||
Registered electors | |||||
Plaid Cymru hold | Swing | ||||
Carmarthen Town South 1997
A by-election was held in the Carmarthen Town South ward following the death of Liberal Democrat councillor Dr Margaret Evans.[4]
Party | Candidate | Votes | % | ±% | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Independent | June Williams | 295 | |||
Labour | Richard Edwards | 269 | |||
Plaid Cymru | Mary Kathleen Davies | 190 | |||
Liberal Democrats | Caroline Evans | 75 | |||
Conservative | Jane Ann Jones | 42 | |||
Majority | 26 | ||||
Turnout | |||||
Registered electors | |||||
Independent gain from Liberal Democrats | Swing | ||||
Burry Port 1998
A by-election was held in the Burry Port ward following the death of Liberal Democrat councillor George West.
Party | Candidate | Votes | % | ±% | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Labour | Patricia Ethel Mary Jones | 730 | |||
Liberal Democrats | 466 | ||||
Plaid Cymru | 143 | ||||
Majority | |||||
Turnout | |||||
Registered electors | |||||
Labour gain from Liberal Democrats | Swing | ||||
References
- ↑ Western Mail, 6 May 1995
- ↑ "Election Special". South Wales Evening Post. 5 May 1995.
- 1 2 "Cumulative Index by Authority". Edkins Family Index. Edkins Family. Retrieved 7 June 2020.
- ↑ "Council on a knife edge". Carmarthen Journal. 17 December 1997. p. 14. Retrieved 5 May 2023.
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