1933 Finnish parliamentary election

1–3 July 1933
All 200 seats in the Parliament of Finland 101 seats needed for a majority
First party Second party Third party   Leader Kaarlo Harvala Pekka Heikkinen Paavo Virkkunen Party SDP Agrarian National Coalition–IKL Last election 34.16%, 66 seats 27.28%, 59 seats 18.05%, 42 seats Seats won 78 53 32 Seat change 12 6 10 Popular vote 413,551 249,758 187,527 Percentage 37.33% 22.54% 16.93% Swing 3.17pp 4.74pp 1.12pp   Fourth party Fifth party Sixth party   Leader Eric von Rettig Aimo Cajander Party RKP National Progressive Small Farmers' Last election 10.03%, 20 seats 5.83%, 11 seats 1.85%, 1 seats Seats won 21 11 3 Seat change 1 2 Popular vote 115,433 82,129 37,544 Percentage 10.42% 7.41% 3.39% Swing 0.39pp 1.58pp 1.54pp   Seventh party   Party People's Last election – Seats won 2 Seat change New Popular vote 9,390 Percentage 0.85% Swing New
Prime Minister before election Toivo Mikael Kivimäki National Progressive Prime Minister after election Toivo Mikael Kivimäki National Progressive

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Parliamentary elections were held in Finland between 1 and 3 July 1933.^[1] The Social Democratic Party remained the largest party in Parliament with 78 of the 200 seats. However, Prime Minister Toivo Mikael Kivimäki of the National Progressive Party continued in office after the elections, supported by Pehr Evind Svinhufvud and quietly by most Agrarians and Social Democrats. They considered Kivimäki's right-wing government a lesser evil than political instability (various short-lived governments) or an attempt by the radical right to gain power. Voter turnout was 62.2%.^[2]

Background

The main campaign issues were the differing attitudes towards democracy and the rule of law between the Patriotic Electoral Alliance (National Coalitioners and Patriotic People's Movement) and the Legality Front (Social Democrats, Agrarians, Swedish People's Party and Progressives). The Patriotic Electoral Alliance favoured continuing the search for suspected Communists - the Communist Party and its affiliated organizations had been outlawed in 1930 as treasonous organizations - and was against the Social Democrats' joining the government under any circumstances. The Legality Front did not want to spend any significant time on searching suspected Communists, but rather wanted to concentrate on keeping the far right in check. The Lapua Movement had been outlawed after its failed Mäntsälä rebellion in March 1932, and the Patriotic People's Movement had been established as its successor later in 1932. President Svinhufvud (National Coalition) strictly guarded law and order, an attitude which made him somewhat suspicious of the Patriotic People's Movement's motives. Prime Minister Kivimäki (Progressive) led a right-wing minority government, which President Svinhufvud fully supported in the effort to fight the Great Depression. Despite the Patriotic Electoral Alliance's vigorous election campaign, only about one-sixth of the participating Finnish voters supported it.^[3][4]

Results

Party		Votes	%	Seats	+/–
	Social Democratic Party	413,551	37.33	78	+12
	Agrarian League	249,758	22.54	53	–6
	National Coalition Party–Patriotic People's Movement	187,527	16.93	32	–10
	Swedish People's Party	115,433	10.42	21	+1
	National Progressive Party	82,129	7.41	11	0
	Small Farmers' Party	37,544	3.39	3	+2
	People's Party	9,390	0.85	2	New
	List for the Working People	2,667	0.24	0	New
	Finnish People's Organisation	2,103	0.19	0	New
	List of Real Finns, Temperance People etc.	1,476	0.13	0	New
	National Socialist Union	1,406	0.13	0	New
	List of Working People, Peasants and Intellectuals	787	0.07	0	New
	List of Recession Men	645	0.06	0	New
	List of Jaakko Seise	630	0.06	0	New
	For the Poor–People's Party	370	0.03	0	New
	Rural People's Party–Party of Finnish Labor	311	0.03	0	New
	Party of Finnish Labor	226	0.02	0	New
	List "V.F.Johanson and M.Saarikoski"	145	0.01	0	New
	List of National Economy	101	0.01	0	New
	List F (Läheniemists)	96	0.01	0	New
	Others	1,528	0.14	0	–
Total		1,107,823	100.00	200	0
Valid votes		1,107,823	99.56
Invalid/blank votes		4,917	0.44
Total votes		1,112,740	100.00
Registered voters/turnout		1,789,331	62.19
Source: Nohlen & Stöver, Tilastokeskus 2004,[5] Suomen virallinen tilasto

References