Viewdata
Viewdata Graphics used in the experimental phone directory of Post Office Telecommunications in 1977.
The image is a graphical representation of the Post Office/British Telecom Research laboratories (Adastral Park) in Suffolk, England. Note the "_ to continue" rather than the correct "# to continue", showing a common rendering error.
DeveloperSamuel Fedida, Post Office
TypeVideotex
Launch date1974 (1974)
Platform(s)Viewdata
A Viewdata machine displayed in teletext format

Viewdata is a Videotex implementation. It is a type of information retrieval service in which a subscriber can access a remote database via a common carrier channel, request data and receive requested data on a video display over a separate channel. Samuel Fedida, who had the idea for Viewdata in 1968, was credited as inventor of the system which was developed while working for the British Post Office which was the operator of the national telephone system. The first prototype became operational in 1974. The access, request and reception are usually via common carrier broadcast channels. This is in contrast with teletext.

Technology

Viewdata offered a display of 40×24 characters, based on ISO 646 (IRV IA5) – 7 bits with no accented characters.[1] Originally Viewdata was accessed with a special purpose terminal (or emulation software) and a modem running at ITU-T V.23 speed (1,200 bit/s down, 75 bit/s up).[1] By 2004 it was normally accessed over TCP/IP using Viewdata client software on a personal computer running Microsoft Windows, or using a Web-based emulator.

Travel industry

As of 2015, Viewdata was still in use in the United Kingdom, mainly by the travel industry. Travel agents use it to look up the price and availability of package holidays and flights. Once they find what the customer is looking for they can place a booking.

There are a number of factors still holding up a move to a Web-based standard. Viewdata is regarded within the industry as low-cost and reliable, travel consultants have been trained to use Viewdata and would need training to book holidays on the Internet, and tour operators cannot agree on a Web-based standard.

Bulletin board systems

It was made in the late 1970s and early 1980s to make it easier for travel consultants to check availability and make bookings for holidays. A number of Viewdata bulletin board systems existed in the 1980s, predominantly in the UK due to the proliferation of the BBC Micro, and a short-lived Viewdata Revival appeared in the late 1990s fuelled by the retrocomputing vogue. Some Viewdata boards still exist, with accessibility in the form of Java Telnet clients.

Keypad symbols: the sextile and the square

⌗ ⚹
Viewdata keypad symbols
In UnicodeU+26B9 ⚹ SEXTILE
U+2317 ⌗ VIEWDATA SQUARE
Different from
Different fromU+002A * ASTERISK (*, *)
U+0023 # NUMBER SIGN (#)
Detail of a telephone keypad displaying the sextile and Viewdata square
Detail of a telephone keypad substituting an enlarged * and #

Viewdata uses special symbols already widely available on telephone keypads: the ⚹ "star" key and the ⌗ "square" key, as formally standardised by the International Telecommunication Union.[2] These are often treated as approximately corresponding to the ASCII asterisk (*) and number sign (#), which do not necessarily conform to the ITU specifications for the keypad symbols; the asterisk is also usually displayed smaller and raised.[3]

These symbols appear as 'Sextile' and 'Viewdata square' in the Miscellaneous Symbols and Miscellaneous Technical Unicode blocks, respectively. The sextile was added due to its use in astrology,[3] and the square had previously appeared in the BS_Viewdata character set, as a replacement for the underscore.[4]

In 2013, the German national body submitted a Unicode Technical Committee proposal to align the Unicode reference glyphs with the ITU specifications for these symbols, and annotate them as telephone keypad symbols on the code charts.[3] As of 2019 (Unicode 12.1), these changes have not been accepted/implemented.[5]

See also

References

  1. 1 2 "Proceedings of the Videotex in Europe" (PDF). 1979-07-19. Retrieved 2023-12-26.
  2. ↑ "E.161 : Arrangement of digits, letters and symbols on telephones and other devices that can be used for gaining access to a telephone network". International Telecommunication Union. 2 February 2001. Retrieved 23 December 2019.
  3. 1 2 3 Karl Pentzlin (28 October 2013). "Proposal to incorporate two telephony symbols into Unicode by glyph and annotation changes" (PDF). UTC L2/13-105R. Archived (PDF) from the original on 2022-10-09. Retrieved 23 December 2019.
  4. ↑ BSI (1981-06-01). Alphanumerics for viewdata and broadcast teletext (PDF). ITSCJ/IPSJ. ISO-IR-47.
  5. ↑ Unicode Consortium. "Miscellaneous Technical" (PDF). The Unicode Standard. Archived (PDF) from the original on 2022-10-09.
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