Iota (/aɪˈoʊtə/; uppercase: Ι, lowercase: ι; Greek: ιώτα) is the ninth letter of the Greek alphabet. It was derived from the Phoenician letter Yodh.[1] Letters that arose from this letter include the Latin I and J, the Cyrillic І (І, і), Yi (Ї, ї), and Je (Ј, ј), and iotated letters (e.g. Yu (Ю, ю)). In the system of Greek numerals, iota has a value of 10.[2]

Iota represents the close front unrounded vowel IPA: [i]. In early forms of ancient Greek, it occurred in both long [iː] and short [i] versions, but this distinction was lost in Koine Greek.[3] Iota participated as the second element in falling diphthongs, with both long and short vowels as the first element. Where the first element was long, the iota was lost in pronunciation at an early date, and was written in polytonic orthography as iota subscript, in other words as a very small ι under the main vowel. Examples include ᾼ ᾳ ῌ ῃ ῼ ῳ. The former diphthongs became digraphs for simple vowels in Koine Greek.[3]

The word is used in a common English phrase, "not one iota", meaning "not the slightest amount". This refers to iota, the smallest letter, or possibly yodh, י, the smallest letter in the Hebrew alphabet. The English word jot derives from iota.[4] The German, Polish, Portuguese, and Spanish name for the letter J (Jot / jota) is derived from iota.

Symbol

  • In some programming languages (e.g., A+, APL, C++,[5] Go[6]), iota (either as the lowercase symbol ⍳ or the identifier iota) is used to represent and generate an array of consecutive integers. For example, in APL ⍳4 gives 1 2 3 4.
  • The lowercase iota symbol is sometimes used to write the imaginary unit, but more often Roman i or j is used.
  • In mathematics, the inclusion map of one space into another is sometimes denoted by the lowercase iota.
  • In logic, the lowercase iota denotes the definite descriptor.
  • The lowercase iota symbol has Unicode code point U+03B9 and the uppercase U+0399.

Character encodings

Greek Iota / Ypogegrammeni

Character information
PreviewΙιᶥ℩
Unicode name GREEK CAPITAL LETTER IOTA GREEK SMALL LETTER IOTA MODIFIER LETTER SMALL IOTA TURNED GREEK SMALL LETTER IOTA
Encodingsdecimalhexdechexdechexdechex
Unicode921U+0399953U+03B97589U+1DA58489U+2129
UTF-8206 153CE 99206 185CE B9225 182 165E1 B6 A5226 132 169E2 84 A9
Numeric character referenceΙΙιιᶥᶥ℩℩
Named character referenceΙι℩
DOS Greek13688160A0
DOS Greek-2173AD227E3
Windows 1253201C9233E9
TeX\iota
Character information
Previewͺͅι
Unicode name GREEK YPOGEGRAMMENI COMBINING GREEK YPOGEGRAMMENI GREEK PROSGEGRAMMENI
Encodingsdecimalhexdechexdechex
Unicode890U+037A837U+03458126U+1FBE
UTF-8205 186CD BA205 133CD 85225 190 190E1 BE BE
Numeric character referenceͺͺͅͅιι

Coptic Iaude

Character information
PreviewⲒⲓ
Unicode name COPTIC CAPITAL LETTER IAUDE COPTIC SMALL LETTER IAUDE
Encodingsdecimalhexdechex
Unicode11410U+2C9211411U+2C93
UTF-8226 178 146E2 B2 92226 178 147E2 B2 93
Numeric character referenceⲒⲒⲓⲓ

Latin Iota

Character information
PreviewƖɩ
Unicode name LATIN CAPITAL LETTER IOTA LATIN SMALL LETTER IOTA
Encodingsdecimalhexdechex
Unicode406U+0196617U+0269
UTF-8198 150C6 96201 169C9 A9
Numeric character referenceƖƖɩɩ

Cyrillic Iota

Character information
PreviewꙆꙇ
Unicode name CYRILLIC CAPITAL LETTER IOTA CYRILLIC SMALL LETTER IOTA
Encodingsdecimalhexdechex
Unicode42566U+A64642567U+A647
UTF-8234 153 134EA 99 86234 153 135EA 99 87
Numeric character referenceꙆꙆꙇꙇ

Technical Iota

Character information
Preview⍳⍸
Unicode name APL FUNCTIONAL SYMBOL IOTA APL FUNCTIONAL SYMBOL IOTA UNDERBAR
Encodingsdecimalhexdechex
Unicode9075U+23739080U+2378
UTF-8226 141 179E2 8D B3226 141 184E2 8D B8
Numeric character reference⍳⍳⍸⍸

Mathematical Iota

Character information
Preview𝚰𝛊𝛪𝜄𝜤𝜾
Unicode name MATHEMATICAL
CAPITAL IOTA		 MATHEMATICAL BOLD
SMALL IOTA		 MATHEMATICAL ITALIC
CAPITAL IOTA		 MATHEMATICAL ITALIC
SMALL IOTA		 MATHEMATICAL BOLD ITALIC
CAPITAL IOTA		 MATHEMATICAL BOLD ITALIC
SMALL IOTA
Encodingsdecimalhexdechexdechexdechexdechexdechex
Unicode120496U+1D6B0120522U+1D6CA120554U+1D6EA120580U+1D704120612U+1D724120638U+1D73E
UTF-8240 157 154 176F0 9D 9A B0240 157 155 138F0 9D 9B 8A240 157 155 170F0 9D 9B AA240 157 156 132F0 9D 9C 84240 157 156 164F0 9D 9C A4240 157 156 190F0 9D 9C BE
UTF-1655349 57008D835 DEB055349 57034D835 DECA55349 57066D835 DEEA55349 57092D835 DF0455349 57124D835 DF2455349 57150D835 DF3E
Numeric character reference𝚰𝚰𝛊𝛊𝛪𝛪𝜄𝜄𝜤𝜤𝜾𝜾
Character information
Preview𝝞𝝸𝞘𝞲
Unicode name MATHEMATICAL SANS-SERIF
BOLD CAPITAL IOTA		 MATHEMATICAL SANS-SERIF
BOLD SMALL IOTA		 MATHEMATICAL SANS-SERIF
BOLD ITALIC CAPITAL IOTA		 MATHEMATICAL SANS-SERIF
BOLD ITALIC SMALL IOTA
Encodingsdecimalhexdechexdechexdechex
Unicode120670U+1D75E120696U+1D778120728U+1D798120754U+1D7B2
UTF-8240 157 157 158F0 9D 9D 9E240 157 157 184F0 9D 9D B8240 157 158 152F0 9D 9E 98240 157 158 178F0 9D 9E B2
UTF-1655349 57182D835 DF5E55349 57208D835 DF7855349 57240D835 DF9855349 57266D835 DFB2
Numeric character reference𝝞𝝞𝝸𝝸𝞘𝞘𝞲𝞲

These characters are used only as mathematical symbols. Stylized Greek text should be encoded using the normal Greek letters, with markup and formatting to indicate text style.

References

Wikimedia Commons has media related to Iota (letter).
Look up Ι or ι in Wiktionary, the free dictionary.
  1. ↑ Victor Parker, A History of Greece, 1300 to 30 BC, (John Wiley & Sons, 2014), 67.
  2. ↑ "Greek numbers". History.mcs.st-and.ac.uk. Retrieved 2014-05-04.
  3. 1 2 see Koine Greek phonology
  4. ↑ "Jot | Define Jot at Dictionary.com". Dictionary.reference.com. Retrieved 2014-05-04.
  5. ↑ Parent, Sean (2019-01-04). "#iotashaming". sean-parent.stlab.cc. Retrieved 2020-03-11.
  6. ↑ "The Go Programming Language Specification". The Go Authors. November 18, 2016. Retrieved 2017-08-08.
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