South African text from 1872 by Abu Bakr Effendi in Arabic Afrikaans (upper) and Arabic (lower) showing The ve in the word ڤوت (vote) used in Arabic even though the Modern Standard Arabic word for (vote) is صوت /sˤawt/.

The ve (fāʾ with three dots) in its medial form used in an Israeli roadsign on the road to Giv'at Shmuel.

Ve (based on name of the letter ف fāʾ) ڤ‎ is a letter of the Arabic-based Kurdish, Comoro, Wakhi, and Karakhanid alphabets. It is derived from the Arabic letter fāʾ (ف) with two additional dots. It represents the sound /v/ in the aforementioned uses.

Ve originated as one of the new letters added for the Perso-Arabic alphabet to write New Persian, and it was used for the sound /β/. This letter is no longer used in Persian, as the [β]-sound changed to [b], e.g. archaic زڤان /zaβɑn/ > زبان /zæbɒn/ 'language'^[1]

It is sometimes used in Arabic language to write names and loanwords with the phoneme /v/, such as ڤولڤو (Volvo) and ڤيينا viyenna (Vienna), but rather described, for example, in Egyptian Arabic, it is called fe be talat noʾaṭ (فه بتلات نقط, "Fa' with three dots").

It is also frequently used in Israel for transcribing names that have a /v/ sound into Arabic, which is used on Israel's street plates, on signs and labels.

In Jawi script, used for Malay language, ڤ‎ stands for /p/.

The character is mapped in Unicode under position U+06A4.

The Maghrebi style, used in Northwestern Africa, the dots moved underneath (Unicode U+06A5), because it is based on the other style of fāʼ (ڢ):

Similar-looking letter

Tunisian cookie packaging, showing a three-dotted Qāf used to represent /g/ in the Arabic transliteration of Galletes (gālāt).

An Algerian sign transcribing Greenwich as ڨرينش‎ (grīnish).

In Tunisian and in Algerian, (ڨ, looks similar to ق but with three dots) is used for /ɡ/, such as in names of places or persons containing a voiced velar stop, as in Gafsa (in Tunisia) or Guelma (in Algeria). If the usage of that letter is not possible for technical restrictions, qāf (ق) is often used instead.

In Arabic script representations of the Chechen language, ڨ‎ is used to represent the uvular ejective /qʼ/, and /v/ in Hindko language, in Pakistan, called vaf.

See also

• ﭖ - Pe (Persian)
• ﭺ - Che (Persian)
• گ - Gaf (Persian)
• ژ - Zhe (Persian)
• ۋ - Ve

References