Voiceless bilabial fricative
ɸ
IPA Number126
Audio sample
source · help
Encoding
Entity (decimal)ɸ
Unicode (hex)U+0278
X-SAMPAp\
Braille⠨ (braille pattern dots-46) ⠋ (braille pattern dots-124)

The voiceless bilabial fricative is a type of consonantal sound, used in some spoken languages. The symbol in the International Phonetic Alphabet that represents this sound is ⟨ɸ⟩, a Latinised form of the Greek letter Phi.

Features

Features of the voiceless bilabial fricative:

  • Its manner of articulation is fricative, which means it is produced by constricting air flow through a narrow channel at the place of articulation, causing turbulence.
  • Its place of articulation is bilabial, which means it is articulated with both lips.
  • Its phonation is voiceless, which means it is produced without vibrations of the vocal cords. In some languages the vocal cords are actively separated, so it is always voiceless; in others the cords are lax, so that it may take on the voicing of adjacent sounds.
  • It is an oral consonant, which means air is allowed to escape through the mouth only.
  • Because the sound is not produced with airflow over the tongue, the central–lateral dichotomy does not apply.
  • The airstream mechanism is pulmonic, which means it is articulated by pushing air solely with the intercostal muscles and abdominal muscles, as in most sounds.

Occurrence

LanguageWordIPAMeaningNotes
Ainuフチ[ɸu̜tʃi]'grandmother'
Angorfi[ɸi]'body'
BengaliEastern dialectsফল[ɸɔl]'fruit'Allophone of /f/ in Bangladesh and Tripura; /pʰ/ used in Western dialects.
English Scouse Allophone of /pʰ/. See British English phonology[1]
Ewe[2]éƒá[éɸá]'he polished'Contrasts with /f/
ItalianTuscan[3]i capitani[iˌhäɸiˈθäːni]'the captains'Intervocalic allophone of /p/.[3] See Italian phonology and Tuscan gorgia.
Itelmenчуфчуф[tʃuɸtʃuɸ]'rain'
Japanese[4]腐敗 / fuhai[ɸɯhai]'decay'Allophone of /h/ before /ɯ/. See Japanese phonology
Kaingangfy[ɸɨ]'seed'
Korean후두개 / hudugae [ɸʷudugɛ]'epiglottis'Allophone of /h/ before /u/ and /w/. See Korean phonology
Kwama[kòːɸɛ́]'basket'
Māoriwhakapapa[ɸakapapa]'genealogy'Now more commonly /f/ due to the influence of English. See Māori phonology.
Nepali वाफ [bäɸ] 'vapour' Allophone of /pʰ/. See Nepali phonology
Odoodeepagai[ɸɑɡɑi]'coconut'
Okinawanfifaci[ɸiɸatɕi]'type of spice'
SpanishSome dialects [5][6]fuera[ˈɸwe̞ɾa̠]'outside'Non-standard variant of /f/. See Spanish phonology
Standard European[7]pub[ˈpa̠ɸ̞]'pub'An approximant; allophone of /b/ before a pause.[7]
North-Central Peninsular[8]abdicar[a̠ɸðiˈka̠ɾ]'abdicate'Allophone of /b/ in the coda. In this dialect, the unvoiced coda obstruents - /p, t, k/ - are realized as fricatives only if they precede a voiced consonant; otherwise, they emerge as stops.
Southern Peninsular[9]los vuestros[lɔh ˈɸːwɛhtːɾɔh]'yours'It varies with [βː] in some accents. Allophone of /b/ after /s/.
Shompen[10] [koɸeoi] 'bench'
Sylhetiꠙꠥꠀ[ɸua]'boy'
Tahitianʻōfī[ʔoːɸiː]'snake'Allophone of /f/
TurkishSome speakers[11]ufuk[uˈɸʊk]'horizon'Allophone of /f/ before rounded vowels and, to a lesser extent, word-finally after rounded vowels.[11] See Turkish phonology
Turkmenfabrik[ɸabrik]'factory'
Yalëdife[diɸe]'village'

See also

References

  1. ↑ Watson, Kevin (2007). Illustrations of the IPA: Liverpool English (Cambridge University Press ed.). Journal of the International Phonetic Association 37. pp. 351–360.
  2. ↑ Ladefoged (2005:156)
  3. 1 2 Hall (1944:75)
  4. ↑ Okada (1999:118)
  5. ↑ Boyd-Bowman (1953:229)
  6. ↑ Cotton & Sharp (1988:15)
  7. 1 2 Wetzels & Mascaró (2001), p. 224.
  8. ↑ "Microsoft Word - codaobs-roa.do" (PDF). Retrieved 2019-04-21.
  9. ↑ Pérez, Aguilar & Jiménez (1998:225–228)
  10. ↑ "The language of the Shom Pen: a language isolate in the Nicobar Islands" (PDF). Mother Tongue. 12: 179–202.
  11. 1 2 Göksel & Kerslake (2005:6)

Sources

  • Boyd-Bowman, Peter (1953), "Sobre la pronunciación del español en el Ecuador", Nueva Revista de Filología Hispánica, 7: 221–233, doi:10.24201/nrfh.v7i1/2.310
  • Cotton, Eleanor Greet; Sharp, John (1988), Spanish in the Americas, Georgetown University Press, ISBN 978-0-87840-094-2
  • Göksel, Asli; Kerslake, Celia (2005), Turkish: a comprehensive grammar, Routledge, ISBN 978-0415114943
  • Hall, Robert A. Jr. (1944). "Italian phonemes and orthography". Italica. American Association of Teachers of Italian. 21 (2): 72–82. doi:10.2307/475860. JSTOR 475860.
  • Ladefoged, Peter (2005), Vowels and Consonants (Second ed.), Blackwell
  • Okada, Hideo (1999), "Japanese", in International Phonetic Association (ed.), Handbook of the International Phonetic Association: A Guide to the Use of the International Phonetic Alphabet, Cambridge University Press, pp. 117–119, ISBN 978-0-52163751-0
  • Pérez, Ramón Morillo-Velarde; Aguilar, Rafael Cano; Jiménez, Antonio Narbona (1998), El Español hablado en Andalucía, Editorial Ariel, ISBN 84-344-8225-8
  • Wetzels, W. Leo; Mascaró, Joan (2001), "The Typology of Voicing and Devoicing" (PDF), Language, 77 (2): 207–244, doi:10.1353/lan.2001.0123, S2CID 28948663
This article is issued from Wikipedia. The text is licensed under Creative Commons - Attribution - Sharealike. Additional terms may apply for the media files.